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1.
Alpine‐type orogens are interpreted to result from the collision of former rifted margins. As many present‐day rifted margins consist of hyper‐extended domains floored by thinned continental crust (<10 km) and/or exhumed mantle, this study explores the influence of rift inheritance on the architecture and final evolution of Alpine‐type orogens. We propose that rift‐related necking zones, separating weakly thinned 25‐ to 30‐km‐thick crust from hyper‐extended domains, may act as buttresses during the transition from subduction to collision. As a result, former necking zones may now be found at the boundary between a highly deformed and overthickened nappe stack, made of relics of hyper‐extended domains, and an external, weakly deformed fold‐and‐thrust belt, which largely escaped significant rift‐related crustal thinning and orogeny‐related thickening. Therefore, the role of rift inheritance is of critical importance and is largely underestimated in controlling the architecture and evolution of Alpine‐type orogens.  相似文献   

2.
Asymmetry or symmetry of magma‐poor rifted margins refers commonly to the crustal architecture and the occurrence or absence of large‐scale extensional detachment faults. While distal parts of magma‐poor rifted margins are often considered to be asymmetric, the observation of downlapping sedimentary sequences over exhumed mantle domains at conjugate margins suggests a symmetric evolution during mantle exhumation. On the basis of seismic observations along the Iberia–Newfoundland and Australia–Antarctica margins, we propose that their most distal parts show evidence for the development of multiple, out‐of‐sequence asymmetric detachment faults. We present evidence for cyclic delocalization and re‐localization of deformation, resulting in an apparent symmetry of the exhumed mantle domain. The interaction between out‐of‐sequence detachment systems and the successive rise of the asthenosphere may explain the observed transition from fault‐controlled to magma‐controlled strain accommodation and the transition to more symmetric and localized accretion associated with the formation of a stable spreading center.  相似文献   

3.
<正>Due to the effects of seismic wave field interference,the reflection events generated from interbedded and superposed sand and shale strata no longer have an explicit corresponding relationship with the geological interface.The absorption of the near-surface layer decreases the resolution of the seismic wavelet,intensifies the interference of seismic reflections from different sand bodies,and makes seismic data interpretation of thin interbedded strata more complex and difficult. In order to concretely investigate and analyze the effects of the near-surface absorption on seismic reflection characteristics of interbedded strata,and to make clear the ability of current technologies to compensate the near-surface absorption,a geological model of continental interbedded strata with near-surface absorption was designed,and the prestack seismic wave field was numerically simulated with wave equations.Then,the simulated wave field was processed by the prestack tune migration, the effects of near-surface absorption on prestack and poststack reflection characteristics were analyzed,and the near-surface absorption was compensated for by inverse Q-filtering.The model test shows that:(1) the reliability of prediction and delineation of a continental reservoir with AVO inversion is degraded due to the lateral variation of the near-surface structure;(2) the corresponding relationships between seismic reflection events and geological interfaces are further weakened as a result of near-surface absorption;and(3) the current technology of absorption compensation probably results in false geological structure and anomaly.Based on the model experiment,the real seismic data of the Dagang Oil Field were analyzed and processed.The seismic reflection characteristics of continental interbedded strata were improved,and the reliability of geological interpretation from seismic data was enhanced.  相似文献   

4.
Low-angle detachment faults are key to our understanding of the tectonic evolution of magma-poor rifted continental margins. In seismic images of present-day rifted margins the identification and interpretation of such features is, however, notoriously difficult and ambiguous. We address this problem by studying the structure and seismic response of such faults through a synoptic interpretation of petrophysical data and geological evidence from the distal segments of the present-day West Iberian and the ancient Tethyan margins. On the basis of the geologically well-constrained remnants of the Tethyan margins, which are spectacularly preserved and exposed in the Alps of Eastern Switzerland, vertical profiles at four key geological settings of a typical magma-poor rifted margin are constructed and their synthetic seismic responses are compared to the observed seismic data from corresponding locations in the present-day Iberian margin. The seismic structure of these profiles is considered as the sum of deterministic large-scale and the stochastic small-scale components. Both components are analyzed for all pertinent lithologies. The large-scale structures are derived from laboratory measurements on samples from both, the West Iberian and Tethyan margins, whereas the small-scale fluctuations are constrained predominantly on the basis of well-log data from the Iberian margin. Different realizations of the simulated stochastic small-scale velocity fluctuations illustrate the potential variability of impedance contrasts and its impact on the seismic response from lithological interfaces and fault structures. Our results indicate that the nature of the seismic response from low-angle detachment faults is largely determined through the fracture-healing behavior of the surrounding rocks. Geological evidence from the exposed fragments of the Tethyan margins indicate that fracture-healing is generally well developed in crustal lithologies, but largely absent in mantle lithologies. It is for this reason that low-angle, intra-crustal detachment faults tend to be seismically undetectable. Conversely, crust–mantle detachments have a complex and variable seismic response, depending on the nature of the damaged zone and on the frequency content of the seismic data. These model-based inferences are consistent with the available evidence from the present-day Iberian passive margin and thus open new perspectives for the interpretation of the corresponding seismic images.  相似文献   

5.
Sixteen 40Ar–39Ar ages are presented for alkaline intrusions to appraise prolonged post-breakup magmatism of the central East Greenland rifted margin, the chronology of rift-to-drift transition, and the asymmetry of magmatic activity in the Northeast Atlantic Igneous Province. The alkaline intrusions mainly crop out in tectonic and magmatic lineaments orthogonal to the rifted margin and occur up to 100 km inland. The area south of the Kangerlussuaq Fjord includes at least four tectonic lineaments and the intrusions are confined to three time windows at 56–54 Ma, 50–47 Ma and 37–35 Ma. In the Kangerlussuaq Fjord, which coincides with a major tectonic lineament possibly the failed arm of a triple junction, the alkaline plutons span from 56 to 40 Ma. To the north and within the continental flood basalt succession, alkaline intrusions of the north–south trending Wiedemann Fjord–Kronborg Gletscher lineament range from 52 to 36 Ma.

We show that post-breakup magmatism of the East Greenland rifted margin can be linked to reconfiguration of spreading ridges in the Northeast Atlantic. Northwards propagation of the proto-Kolbeinsey ridge rifted the Jan Mayen micro-continent away from central East Greenland and resulted in protracted rift-to-drift transition. The intrusions of the Wiedemann Fjord–Kronborg Gletscher lineament are interpreted as a failed continental rift system and the intrusions of the Kangerlussuaq Fjord as off-axis magmatism. The post-breakup intrusions south of Kangerlussuaq Fjord occur landward of the Greenland–Iceland Rise and are explained by mantle melting caused first by the crossing of the central East Greenland rifted margin over the axis of the Iceland mantle plume (50–47 Ma) and later by uplift associated with regional plate-tectonic reorganization (37–35 Ma). The Iceland mantle plume was instrumental in causing protracted rift-to-drift transition and post-breakup tholeiitic and alkaline magmatism on the East Greenland rifted margin, and asymmetry in the magmatic history of the conjugate margins of the central Northeast Atlantic.  相似文献   


6.
为了揭示盆地深水区演化及裂后期大规模沉降的成因机制, 在琼东南盆地典型的、高品质地震剖面地质构造精细解释基础上, 结合岩石圈变形的挠曲悬臂梁模型和挠曲均衡模型, 应用正演和反演模拟技术, 定量恢复了该盆地所处地区的上地壳、地壳以及岩石圈的伸展程度.结果表明, 琼东南盆地自陆架边缘到深水坳陷区, 岩石圈上地壳的伸展系数较小, β值最大为1.23~1.32;整个地壳的伸展系数变化较大, 盆地边缘隆起区的β值在1.1~1.2之间, 向盆地中部β值逐渐增大到3.14;而对整个岩石圈而言, 其伸展系数β值由陆架到陆坡深水盆地也从1.2逐渐增大到4.2.根据对南海地区的构造及岩石圈和地壳的结构分析认为, 与McKenzie的岩石圈均一伸展以及由热控制的裂后期缓慢沉降过程不同的是, 上述与深度相关的岩石圈伸展减薄是由南海西北次海盆扩张过程中深部物质的离散上涌流动所导致的下地壳的快速而强烈的塑性流动所引起的, 并由此建立了琼东南盆地的形成演化模式, 来解释和探讨深水坳陷区及裂后期快速而大规模沉降的成因机制.   相似文献   

7.
During a marine geophysical survey of the Bismarck Sea by the Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources in 1970, magnetic, gravity, and seismic reflection recordings were made along north‐south traverses with a spacing of 30 to 40 km. The magnetic data have been interpreted, first by visual inspection of magnetic and topographic trends and then by two‐dimensional computer modelling along typical profiles. The interpretation indicates that the Bismarck Sea is divided into two main tectonic provinces separated by a boundary which roughly coincides with a line joining Manus Island and the Willaumez Peninsula of New Britain. An area of apparently nonmagnetic basement about 10 km wide coincides with a well defined band of shallow earthquakes which runs east‐west across the centre of the Sea. A major boundary is present at the eastern end of the Sea along the west coast of the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain; it continues along an offset in the band of earthquakes to New Hanover.  相似文献   

8.
In the Eastern Lachlan Orogen, the mineralised Molong and Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belts are two structural belts that once formed part of the Ordovician Macquarie Arc, but are now separated by younger Silurian‐Devonian strata as well as by Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites. Interpretation of deep seismic reflection and refraction data across and along these belts provides answers to some of the key questions in understanding the evolution of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen—the relationship between coeval Ordovician volcanics and quartz‐rich turbidites, and the relationship between separate belts of Ordovician volcanics and the intervening strata. In particular, the data provide evidence for major thrust juxtaposition of the arc rocks and Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites, with Wagga Belt rocks thrust eastward over the arc rocks of the Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belt, and the Adaminaby Group thrust north over arc rocks in the southern part of the Molong Volcanic Belt. The seismic data also provide evidence for regional contraction, especially for crustal‐scale deformation in the western part of the Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belt. The data further suggest that this belt and the Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites to the east (Kirribilli Formation) were together thrust over ?Cambrian‐Ordovician rocks of the Jindalee Group and associated rocks along west‐dipping inferred faults that belong to a set that characterises the middle crust of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen. The Macquarie Arc was subsequently rifted apart in the Silurian‐Devonian, with Ordovician volcanics preserved under the younger troughs and shelves (e.g. Hill End Trough). The Molong Volcanic Belt, in particular, was reworked by major down‐to‐the‐east normal faults that were thrust‐reactivated with younger‐on‐older geometries in the late Early ‐ Middle Devonian and again in the Carboniferous.  相似文献   

9.
During the continental rifting the upper mantle was unroofed, and the mantle rocks were transformed into serpentinite at the ocean-continent transition of the west Galicia margin (Spain). The serpentinite layer, several km thick, extends probably eastwards, beneath the highly thinned continental crust of the margin.
The serpentinite layer was recently imaged by seismic reflection. It is discontinuously and deeply layered. As serpentinized peridotite can have densities and seismic velocities comparable to those of the lower continental crust, we suggest that undercrusting by serpentinite can play a part in building the lower seismic crust in highly stretched continental rifted areas.  相似文献   

10.
生物礁储层是良好的油气储集场所,具有高孔隙度、丰度大、产能高等特点,在油气勘探开发中占有十分重要的地位。常规的生物礁解释主要依据地震时间剖面上的外形隆起,顶底反射,上覆盖层的披覆等特征,但是在实际的生物礁解释中,还存在着很多解释陷阱。这里从常规地震资料处理误差分析的角度出发,首先提出了一种新的适用于起伏地形的波动方程地震叠后正演方法,然后通过对复杂表层条件下的生物礁模型进行地震数值模拟,重点分析了复杂表层条件可能引起的,生物礁的各种解释陷阱,如假隆起、生物礁体分布范围的变化等假象,为生物礁的识剐提供了重要的理论参考。  相似文献   

11.
经过50多年勘探开发,中国东部陆相油气田均已进入勘探中后期阶段,受石油地质认识局限性和勘探技术的限制,待发现目标日趋隐蔽,油气勘探难度日益增大。针对中国东部陆相断陷盆地深层低孔渗—致密砂岩储集层评价方法的局限性、深部砂砾岩储集体成因模式问题以及基岩风化壳形成和分布的复杂性问题,作者经过近几年的探索和总结,取得以下主要研究进展: (1)基于砂岩储集层物性演化动力学原理,提出了致密砂岩储集层动态评价的新思路和新方法,指出过去评价较低的深部凹陷带低孔渗—致密砂岩体仍然具有较大的勘探潜力; (2)运用地震地层学方法,通过建立断陷盆地陡坡带斜向大型扇三角洲沉积模式,指出斜向大型扇三角洲砂砾岩是断陷盆地深层有利的储集体,可以作为下一步有利勘探方向; (3)根据基岩风化壳双层结构新模式,结合风化壳储集层改造—破坏—保存机理的动力学新模型,指出断陷盆地中低部位是最有利风化壳储集层发育带,断陷盆地缓坡内带(洼槽区)风化壳是下一步油气勘探的重要新领域。文中提出的上述3大勘探新领域不仅是对断陷盆地油气成藏模式的补充和发展,更重要的是展现出中国东部断陷盆地深层常规和非常规油气勘探领域的巨大潜力,为深化东部成熟盆地油气勘探指出了明确的方向。  相似文献   

12.
经过50多年勘探开发,中国东部陆相油气田均已进入勘探中后期阶段,受石油地质认识局限性和勘探技术的限制,待发现目标日趋隐蔽,油气勘探难度日益增大。针对中国东部陆相断陷盆地深层低孔渗—致密砂岩储集层评价方法的局限性、深部砂砾岩储集体成因模式问题以及基岩风化壳形成和分布的复杂性问题,作者经过近几年的探索和总结,取得以下主要研究进展: (1)基于砂岩储集层物性演化动力学原理,提出了致密砂岩储集层动态评价的新思路和新方法,指出过去评价较低的深部凹陷带低孔渗—致密砂岩体仍然具有较大的勘探潜力; (2)运用地震地层学方法,通过建立断陷盆地陡坡带斜向大型扇三角洲沉积模式,指出斜向大型扇三角洲砂砾岩是断陷盆地深层有利的储集体,可以作为下一步有利勘探方向; (3)根据基岩风化壳双层结构新模式,结合风化壳储集层改造—破坏—保存机理的动力学新模型,指出断陷盆地中低部位是最有利风化壳储集层发育带,断陷盆地缓坡内带(洼槽区)风化壳是下一步油气勘探的重要新领域。文中提出的上述3大勘探新领域不仅是对断陷盆地油气成藏模式的补充和发展,更重要的是展现出中国东部断陷盆地深层常规和非常规油气勘探领域的巨大潜力,为深化东部成熟盆地油气勘探指出了明确的方向。  相似文献   

13.
The studies on configuration, character/property of the basement of Qiangtang basin is helpful for evaluating petroleum and nature gas resources as well as understanding the basin evolvement. Recently a moderate to high-grade metamorphic gneiss rock was found underlying beneath very low metamorphic Ordovician strata in Mayer Kangri to the north of the central uplift. That fact actually proved existence of the crystalline basement just the distribution and structures of pre-Paleozoic crystalline basement still remain puzzle. In recent years a number of active sources deep seismic profiling, to aim at lithospheric structure of northern Tibet and petroleum resources of the Qiangtang basin, had been conducted that make it possible to image the structure of the basement of the Qiangtang. Near vertical reflection profiles, included those acquired previously and those during 2004 to 2008, have been utilized in this study. By through the interaction process and interpretation between the reflection profiles and the wide-angle profile, a model with the detailed structure and velocity distribution from surface to the depth of 20 km of Qiangtang basin has been imaged.Based on the results and discussions of this study, the preliminary conclusions are as follows: (1) The velocity structure section (~20 km) that is interactively constrained by the refraction and reflection seismic data reveals that the sedimentary stratum gently lie until 10 km in the south Qiangtang basin. (2) The basement consists of fold basement (the upper) and crystalline basement (the lower).The fold basement buried at the average depth of 6 km with a velocity of 5.2–5.8 km/s. The shallowest appear at range of the central uplift. The crystalline basement is underlying beneath the fold basement at the average depth of 10 km with a velocity of 5.9–6.0 km/s except near Bangong-Nujiang suture. (3) The high-velocity body at the depth range of 3–6 km of the central uplift is considered as a fragment of the crystalline basement that perhaps was raised by Thermal or deformation. (4) The lower-consolidated fold basement show more affinity of Yangtze block but the crystalline basement seems more approximate to Lhasa terrene in geophysical nature. We have attempted to improve the resolution and reliability by interaction of the active seismic data and prove it effective to image complex basement structure. It will be a potential to process the piggy-back acquisition data and has wide prospects.  相似文献   

14.
Parr and Boyd (2002) used colorimetric analysis in combination with geophysical and geochemical techniques to estimate firing temperatures for archaeological daub from an Iron Age site in Thailand. They suggest that the daub was fired at high temperatures and, therefore, is indicative of kiln utilization and increased industrialization during that period in Thailand. They argue that the adoption of a multimethod analytical approach in which the combination of data derived from ICP‐MS, X‐ray diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility analyses of daub samples, coupled with microscopic and macroscopic examination of samples, enhances the accuracy of their interpretations. While they should be commended for attempting to substantiate their claims using many geophysical and geochemical techniques, their arguments are flawed by the misapplication of the techniques described and/or over‐interpretation of the data generated by such techniques. Therefore, Parr and Boyd's (2002:285) point about methodology (“that the combined interpretation of independent measures provides a better estimate of the original firing temperatures of the archaeological material than has hitherto been possible”) is made redundant by the lack of scientific rigor applied to the independent measures used for this study. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

15.
Orthoamphibolites within and marginal to the Orlica-Śnieżnik dome in the eastern Bohemian massif are associated with a series of Proterozoic-Lower Palaeozoic supracrustal meta-sediments of the Stronie, Nové Město and Staré Město formations. Massive and variably foliated amphibolites range from common epidote-plagioclase-blue-green/green hornblende varieties to assemblages with diopside, garnet and brown amphibole. All the amphibolites have a basaltic composition and are divided into three main chemical groups which are intimately associated in the field: main series tholeiites, low-Ti tholeiites and alkali basalts. All groups exhibit a common enrichment in LIL elements+Nb+Ta (relative to high-field-strength elements) which reflects contamination by upper continental crust and/or pelagic sediment compositions. The gross chemistry of the tholeiitesapproaches that for MORB, although the geological environment and nature of crustal contamination suggests that the basaltic precursors were probably emplaced in a rifted ensialic basinal environment. If the amphibolites are representative of an early phase of the Lower Palaeozoic fragmentation of Gondwanaland, then rifting did not fully develop ocean crust. The wider significance of the chemical interpretation implies that some of the variation from Variscan Proterozoic-Palaeozoic metabasite suites that is ascribed to a complex of different eruptive settings could be accounted for by variable contamination and/or source composition.  相似文献   

16.
Current rift models propose polyphase rift evolutions that develop with the same kinematic framework and accommodate continuous and sequential extension, through the stacking of deformation modes. Several rifted margins show, however, evidence for multiple and out of sequence rift events, which developed within different kinematic frameworks, with a complex spatial and temporal evolution. In this work, we address the problem of multi-stage rifting based on the study of the central North Iberian margin, located at the southern Bay of Biscay triangular oceanic domain. This magma-poor rifted margin recorded three major Mesozoic rift events and a subsequent Alpine compressional reactivation, representing a unique setting to study the architecture of multi-stage rift systems and the exerted control on subsequent reactivation. Relying on a dense set of 2D seismic reflection profiles, boreholes, and published velocity models, we map and describe structural domains and major extensional and compressional structures, and we construct depth and thickness maps of syn-rift units. These new maps display the geometry and spatial distribution of major rift basins and bounding structures. Distinctive scenarios resulting from this tectono-stratigraphic approach led us to define three rift systems. A first, diffuse and widespread Triassic system, with classical fault-bounded half-graben basins; a second, narrow, deep and localised Late Jurassic to Barremian transtensional system, including laterally confined pull-apart basins; and a third, widely distributed, Aptian to Cenomanian hyperextended system. Our results show that each rift system controlled the successive extensional events and the subsequent contractional deformation, resulting in a complex 3D template. Deciphering the tectono-stratigraphic architecture of such, multi-stage systems provide key insights on the spatial, temporal, and thermal evolution of divergent plate boundaries. It is likewise indispensable to propose and test kinematic plate deformable models on conjugate rifted margins and to comprehend the implications for their reactivation.  相似文献   

17.
Trapezoidal-type fan deltas, lacking bottomset deposits, were studied in two different tectonic settings: extensional (rifted), and compressional (piggy-back) basins. In both cases studied fan deltas were characterized by: (i) an absence of bottomsets; (ii) development in protected or narrow basins and sub-basins confined by intrabasinal basement highs or by topographic highs, respectively; (iii) coarse-grained sediment fluxes, dominated by mass-flows forming fan deltas that prograded from steep nearshore slopes basinwards; and (iv) a high-energy environment, with powerful underflows that probably bypassed the basins and transported fine-grained sediments outside the basins. The location of channels cut by such underflows is influenced by local tectonic style. When the supplied sediments in the rifted basins overstepped the intrabasinal basement highs, trapezoidal fan deltas were replaced upwards by Gilbert-type deltas, with bottomsets.  相似文献   

18.
The Atlantic margin offshore Senegal has been explored by seismic reflection and GRAV‐MAG surveys. High‐amplitude, laterally transgressive seismic reflectors are found to coincide with gravimetric and magnetic highs. Once seismic data are integrated with potential fields modelling, these reflectors can be safely interpreted as saucer‐shaped igneous sills, up to some hundreds of metres thick, some km wide. The occurrence of hydrothermal vent complexes and forced folds in the stratigraphic sequence above the sills constrain the intrusion age to the Miocene. Field observations and in‐situ magnetic susceptibility measurements of Oligocene–Miocene and Quaternary igneous rocks emplaced in coastal Senegal support this interpretation.  相似文献   

19.
Southeast Asia comprises collage of continental blocks that were rifted out in phases from the northern parts of the Gondwanic Indo-Australian continent during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic time and were accreted through continental collision process following closure of the Paleo- and Neo-Tethys. The South China and Indo-China blocks were possibly rifted during early Palaeozoic, whereas, the Tibetan and SIBUMASU blocks were rifted during Permo-Carboniferous when the said margin was under glacial and/or cool climatic condition. The Indo-Burma-Andaman (IBA), Sikule, Lolotoi blocks were also rifted from the same Indo-Australian margin but during late Jurassic. This was followed by break-up of the Indian and the Australian continents during early Cretaceous. The opening of the Indian Ocean during the Tertiary was synchronous with closing of the Tethys.India-Asia collision during early-middle Eocene was a mega tectonic event. Apart from initiating the Himalayan orogeny and the eastward strike-slip extrusion of the Indochina block from the Southeast Asian continental collage along the Ailao Shan — Red River shear zone, it also caused early-mid Eocene continental-flood-basalt activity in the Himalayan foreland basin. Indian continent's post-collisional indentation-induced syntaxial buckling of Asian continental collage at its eastern end possibly caused late Paleogene highly potassic magmatism around the Gongha syntaxial area that was located close to the sutured margin of South China continent with Indochina block at the outer fringe of Namche Barwa syntaxis. These magmatic bodies are soon after left-laterally displaced by the Ailao Shan — Red River shear zone. The nature and chemistry of magma at these two settings indicate that both groups result from similar petrogenetic and tectonic processes representing deep-seated melts due to mantle decompression. Some deep faults produced at the edge of flexed Indian continental lithosphere and responsible for the development of the foreland basin may have produced continental-flood-basalt and related magma by decompressional melting of enriched sub-continental mantle. The site-specific location and time sequence of magmatism from the marginal parts of South China continent and located at the outer fringe of Namche Barwa syntaxis are strongly significant. It suggests that these magmatic bodies may also be genetically related to the India-Asia collision process and indentation-induced syntaxial buckling of upper mantle beneath the marginal parts of the South China rigid continent.  相似文献   

20.
We use structural and seismostratigraphic interpretation of multichannel seismic reflection data to understand the structure and kinematic history of the central Gulf of California. Our analysis reveals that oblique strain in the central Gulf formed two tectono–sedimentary domains during distinct deformation stages. The eastern domain, offshore Sonora, is bounded by the East and West Pedro Nolasco faults that may constitute the southernmost segments of the Tiburón Fault System. Within this domain, the dip-slip Yaqui Fault controlled deposition of 3.9 km of sediments in the half-graben Yaqui Basin. The western domain, offshore Baja California, is bounded by the Guaymas Transform Fault, which controlled the accumulation of 1.45 km of sediments within a half-graben that formed the early Guaymas Basin. The tectono–sedimentary activity offshore Sonoran likely ranges from Late Miocene–Pliocene to Late Pliocene time, while activity in the Guaymas Basin commenced in Late Pliocene time. Extinction of the main faults offshore Sonora was nearly coeval to the initiation of the Guaymas Transform Fault. Our results suggest that oblique strain has been accommodated by strain partition since the onset of rifting in the central Gulf. The Guaymas Basin is now a nascent spreading center, but prior to this, it evolved as a half-graben controlled by the Guaymas Transform Fault; such drastic transition is not constrained, but likely occurred during the Pleistocene time and must be localized < 30 km north of the axial troughs. The faults within the central Gulf transpose the Miocene N–S oriented grabens of Basin and Range style preserved onshore in the conjugate rifted margins.  相似文献   

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