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丹巴滑坡的位移特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
滑坡位移资料可为分析滑坡运动规律、发展趋势和预测预报提供依据。通过对丹巴滑坡治理过程中滑坡前部、中部和后部的位移监测资料分析,滑坡位移速度可划分为两个阶段:位移速度增加阶段和减少阶段。分析了各部位的各个阶段运动特征及其影响因素。对各部位位移速度在增加阶段和减小阶段的速度与时间关系的曲线拟合,表明滑坡在位移速度增加阶段具有相似的运动特征,拟合方程都较好地符合指数方程,而在速度减小阶段受治理工程的影响差别较大,拟合方程分别为对数、线性和指数方程。以监测数据的初始值和累计最大值,利用Lo-gistic模型对各部位的累计位移进行预测,预测值与实测值的拟合程度较高,表明丹巴滑坡在治理过程中的整个累计位移较好地遵循Logistic增长过程。从位移监测资料可以看出,滑坡治理工程有效地控制了滑坡的活动。 相似文献
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库岸边坡是一个复杂的地质综合体,库岸滑坡是威胁库区安全的地质隐患。多数传统滑坡预测模型为静态模型,未将滑坡变形特征与位移预测二者结合考虑,不能实际反映滑坡演化过程中的动态特性。本文基于溪洛渡库区58处涉水滑坡变形监测结果,归纳了库岸滑坡变形规律,采用机器学习方法实现了不同特征滑坡变形趋势的短期预测。研究结果显示:(1)研究区年平均地表形变速率处于-116.841~265mm·yr-1,负值代表目标地物远离卫星方向位移,正值代表目标地物靠近卫星方向移动,其中存在缓慢变形滑坡13处,根据其累计位移曲线特征划分为:阶跃型、振荡型和持续增长型三类。(2)阶跃型滑坡滑面多为弧线型,其变形主要受库水位周期性变动影响;振荡型滑坡滑面多为折线型,其变形多受库水位和降雨共同作用;持续增长型滑坡滑面多为直线型,其变形主要受自身地质条件控制。(3)针对不同变形特征滑坡,采用长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络模型考虑多因素耦合和滑坡演化状态建立了滑坡变形动态预测模型,通过评价结果验证,该模型具有较高预测精度及良好的适用性。研究结果可以为溪洛渡库区滑坡系统研究与防治提供依据,为库区不同变形特征... 相似文献
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滑坡变形监测系统深部与地表变形关系初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
滑坡的孕育、演变、发生是一个累进性变形破坏过程,开展滑坡变形的长期监测工作对滑坡稳定性评价、滑坡的预测预报及治理具有重要的工程意义。目前,滑坡变形监测多集中于坡体表部,很难系统获得反映滑坡稳定性的深部变形资料。本文以某溃屈型滑坡为例,初步分析了滑坡深表部变形的关系,为滑坡稳定性分析及变形破坏趋势预测提供了依据。 相似文献
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滑坡是斜坡体物质变形累积到一定程度而形成并发生的,因此通过滑坡体的变形监测,能揭示和预测坡体的变形趋势,且监测的数据精度越高,对滑坡的预测和趋势分析准确度越高.目前对滑坡体的地表变形监测手段很多,但大多数监测数据的精度都不尽如人意,因此监测仪器以及手段的选择至关重要.GPS对静止物体的空间相对定位精度已非常高,本研究正是基于GPS观测数据高精度的特点,借助其对滑坡进行监测,从而分析滑坡的变形特征以及可能发展趋势. 相似文献
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降雨型浅层滑坡的变形预测模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
滑坡是边坡被某些诱发因素激发失稳产生滑动的一种地质现象。它是地质灾害的主要类型,尤其以降雨滑坡数量最多,其中浅层滑坡分布最广。通过对降雨型浅层滑坡的变形进行分析,建立了基于功能原理的滑坡一维运动方程,并结合太沙基固结原理,研究滑坡运动过程中孔隙水压力的消散,揭示了滑坡从运动-停止的动力演化过程,构建了降雨型浅层滑坡的位移预测模型,并以都江堰塔子坪滑坡为例进行分析,通过mathmatic给出了滑坡运动的速率、位移与降雨量的量化关系式。 相似文献
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采用工程地质钻探、物探、地质测绘及室内试验等技术方法探讨飞鹅山Ⅲ号滑坡形成机理与防治技术。结果表明:1)滑坡体主要岩性为泥质粉砂岩,飞鹅山滑坡属于新形成的深层中型牵引式滑坡,在平面上呈圈椅状。2)滑坡属于双层滑面滑坡,主滑面以中型深层滑坡为主,主滑体上部发育中型中厚层滑坡。3)滑坡产生的原因为:①泥质粉砂岩倾向与坡向基本一致,且岩层倾角为中等倾角;②人工开挖使坡脚形成高陡临空面,抗滑力大为降低;③雨水沿层面及节理裂隙入渗至坡体深部,大大增加岩土体容重,同时泥质粉砂岩遇水软化,抗剪强度显著降低。4)结合该滑坡区地质环境条件,采用坡面削坡+锚杆(索)+格构梁+双排预应力锚拉抗滑桩+三维网植草绿化+截排水+毛石挡墙的综合治理方法进行防治,监测结果显示该滑坡变形及位移已得到有效控制,整治效果良好。 相似文献
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《山地学报》2021,(1)
水库滑坡的位移与周期性的库水波动和季节性降雨等诱发因素关系密切,由于库水位升降和降雨的作用,滑坡累计位移变形曲线呈明显的"台阶状",准确、及时地预测此类台阶状位移对提升该变形的认识具有重要意义。为深入了解诱发因素对水库滑坡位移的影响,预测其变形演化趋势,本研究提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和随机森林回归模型(RFR)的滑坡位移预测模型。以水库滑坡——三峡库区白家包滑坡2007年4月至2018年12月的变形数据为例,进行"台阶状"位移的预测与模型检验。通过EEMD方法将累计位移分解为趋势项和周期项,其中趋势项采取最小二乘法的三次多项式拟合;周期项基于诱发因素组合和滑坡位移的响应变化,建立RFR模型进行预测。根据时间序列加法,将趋势项和周期项预测值叠加,获得总位移预测值。结果表明EEMD-RFR模型基本反映了滑坡累计位移的"台阶状"变化趋势,相关系数R达到0.997。通过与两种BP神经网络预测方法的对比,反映EEMD-RFR模型具有更好的预测效果。本研究为水库滑坡台阶状位移预测提供了一种有效的新方法,对了解水库滑坡长期变形具有一定意义。 相似文献
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西安翠华山古崩塌性滑坡体的沉积特征及其形成过程 总被引:11,自引:6,他引:5
西安翠华山风景地貌由古崩生滑坡体高速运行堆积而成,堆积体存在一些反映其运动和动力状况的沉积特征,将崩塌性滑坡体的平面堆积体划分出5个平面相带;中央相带、边缘相带、抛掷相带、气浪溅泥相带和特殊的残留相带,各带有不同的沉积特征,反映出调整运动中的崩塌式滑坡体动力过程和沉积过程在平面上分布的差异,通过研究该古积物的粒径变化、砾石组构和沉积结构、构造的差异,认为该崩塌式滑坡体在运动和沉积过程,存在前后部位 相似文献
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Analysis of LiDAR-derived topographic information for characterizing and differentiating landslide morphology and activity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Geomorphology》2006,73(1-2):131-148
This study used airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR) to examine the surface morphology of two canyon-rim landslides in southern Idaho. The high resolution topographic data were used to calculate surface roughness, slope, semivariance, and fractal dimension. These data were combined with historical movement data (Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and laser theodolite) and field observations for the currently active landslide, and the results suggest that topographic elements are related to the material types and the type of local motion of the landslide. Weak, unconsolidated materials comprising the toe of the slide, which were heavily fractured and locally thrust upward, had relatively high surface roughness, high fractal dimension, and high vertical and lateral movement. The body of the slide, which predominantly moved laterally and consists mainly of undisturbed, older canyon floor materials, had relatively lower surface roughness than the toe. The upper block, consisting of a down-dropped section of the canyon rim that has remained largely intact, had a low surface roughness on its upper surface and high surface roughness along fractures and on its west face (unrelated to landslide motion). The upper block also had a higher semivariance than the toe and body. The topographic data for a neighboring, older and larger landslide complex, which failed in 1937, are similarly used to understand surface morphology, as well as to compare to the morphology of the active landslide and to understand scale-dependent processes. The morphometric analyses demonstrate that the active landslide has a similar failure mechanism and is topographically more variable than the 1937 landslide, especially at scales > 20 m. Weathering and the larger scale processes of the 1937 slide are hypothesized to cause the lower semivariance values of the 1937 slide. At smaller scales (< 10 m) the topographic components of the two landslides have similar roughness and semivariance. Results demonstrate that high resolution topographic data have the potential to differentiate morphological components within a landslide and provide insight into the material type and activity of the slide. The analyses and results in this study would not have been possible with coarser scale digital elevation models (10-m DEM). This methodology is directly applicable to analyzing other geomorphic surfaces at appropriate scales, including glacial deposits and stream beds. 相似文献
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据优势面分析原理和方法,对金龙山地区斜坡各种结构面所作的优势面分析结果显示:浅层强风化岩体中顺坡向剪切裂隙,是控制浅层顺层滑坡发生发展的滑动优势面;深层弱风化岩体中粘土岩风化软弱夹层、斜坡上段拉张裂隙与斜坡下段顺坡向剪切裂隙三者相组合,是控制深层顺层滑坡发生的滑动优势面。当地受滑动优势面控制的滑坡变形破坏模式有:浅层为蠕滑—拉裂,深层为滑移—弯曲。 相似文献
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Jaroslav Buša Miloš Rusnák Dávid Kušnirák Vladimír Greif Martin Bednarik René Putiška 《自然地理学》2020,41(2):169-194
ABSTRACTWe employed integrated methods to assess the landslide movement in Sv. Anton town in the Western Carpathians Neogene Volcanic Field (Central Slovakia). The integrated diagnostics required study of the landslide kinematic activity by a combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) imaging from November 2013 to March 2015. A topographic model with 2-cm accuracy was constructed from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) photogrammetry. Continuous spatial datasets of movement and displacement field vectors were interpolated from the measured movements over the entire study period. Although deformation studies in Slovakia have a long-term tradition, complex interdisciplinary studies in urbanized areas are still lacking. This inspired our main objectives: to identify landslide kinematics and to reconstruct and define the rates of annual landslide movement obtained from geodetic measurement at the monitoring points. Our results demonstrate how landslide integrated diagnostics contribute to the detection of slope instability, with a maximum velocity of 60.82 mm/yr during the summer period. The precipitation effects are consistent with the Sv. Anton landslide displacement acceleration, and the following increases in total monthly precipitations are staggering compared to long-term monthly averages: July precipitation increased by 175.3%, August by 203.3%, and September by 198.1%. 相似文献
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宁夏西吉地区滑坡灾害地貌的成因分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
宁夏西吉地区滑坡灾害地貌是海原地震区最严重的地形变特征。本文在分析区域滑坡呈 或团块状密集独特分布及其严重灾害特征的基础上,进一步探讨了它的成因机制。表明滑坡地形奕的分布规律不仅受地震烈度的影响,而且还受诸如黄土的自然特征,地质构造,地貌结构和区域新构造运行等自然环境的控制. 相似文献