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1.
In order to systemically summarize and integrate technology of highway construction in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,we studied disciplines and mechanisms of formation and development of problems and challenges in highway engineer-ing in high-altitude permafrost regions based on construction experiences for 50 years and on 30 years of research regarding the Qinghai-Tibet and Xikang highways.Embankments,pavements,bridges,and countermeasures for ecosystem protection in per-mafrost regions were the main study objects.We combined extensive analysis of key problems of engineering stability with inter-action between permafrost and highways,theoretical models,indoor tests,and field tests to reveal the interaction between em-bankments,pavements,bridge piles,and permafrost.In this paper,we propose a series of engineering measures for highway sta-bility,design parameters,key indexes for pavement durability in low temperature,relationships between re-freezing time of bridge-pile foundation and strength development as well as ecosystem recovery in high-latitude cold regions;these eventually form a construction technology package for permafrost regions. 相似文献
2.
采用加权平均旅行时间、引力模型与克里金插值、XY to line、自然间断点分级法、分级符号等GIS分析方法,以1986年、1995年、2004年、2016年为时间断面,分析了青海省公路网络中43个主要节点城镇的可达性及县域经济联系格局的演化规律,结论为：1986-2016年,青海省公路网络等可达性线呈现不规则的半环状分布,影响因素主要有位置、交通、经济及其时间距离等,可达性插值表现为交通主干道指向性;青海省公路网络可达性水平均有提升,可达性值的变化呈现相似性与差异性并存的特点;1986-2016年,青海省经济联系强度与对外经济联系总量均呈现增长态势,尤其经济联系总量增长愈来愈快;前五等级的经济联系强度与前三经济联系总量的县域基本集中于西宁、海东地区,体现出青海省典型的"单核"城市空间结构,省会城市辐射带动作用明显;经济联系强度、经济联系总量与可达性均呈现正相关。 相似文献
3.
In order to maintain the thermal stability of very wide highway embankments in permafrost regions, the thermal isolation
material EPS is often utilized. To examine the effects of this insulation on the China National Highway (G214),
two-dimensional finite element analysis of temperature fields was conducted for varying widths of highway embankments
with and without EPS insulation. The numerical results show that in permafrost regions the effect of thermal aggregation on
asphalt pavement is more obvious when highway embankments are wider, and, specifically for the G214 highway, the insulation
should be more than 25 cm thick for 24-m-wide embankments. However, considering other factors such as the structural
rationality of the embankments and high engineering costs, it might not be feasible to install EPS insulation in
24-m-wide embankments of the G214 highway when the height of the embankments is less than 3.65 m. 相似文献
4.
公路交通可达性视角下山东省区域空间重构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划》、《济南都市圈发展规划》、《黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展规划》和《鲁南经济带发展规划》是涉及山东省域范围的四个重要区域规划。四个规划所覆盖的区域范围重叠现象严重,这将导致重叠区域发展方向不明,进而会影响到区域的整体发展。明确区域规划合理范围,统筹协调区域发展成为山东省区域发展亟须解决的问题之一。本文以公路交通可达性和城市综合实力为切入点,计算出了山东省17个地级市的经济腹地,并遵循一定的原则对山东省区域发展进行空间重构,提出了"两核、四区、五轴"的区域空间发展结构。 相似文献
5.
省级地域公路货运的空间联系探讨——以辽宁省为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文应用经济地理学的分析方法和交通地理学的基本理论, 以辽宁省及其所属的14 个地 级市为研究对象, 深入分析了辽宁省公路货运的生成、演变、分布、交流特征。轴心-附属式的 “轴-辐”空间模式已成为省级地域的公路货运网络发展的基本模式, 同时也体现出一定的"双 核"特征, 本文将辽宁省的公路货运网络划分成沈大和辽西两个系统。最后得出结论: 辽宁省的工 业化和运输联系的发展进入中后期阶段, 货物运输量的地域集中指数较高。省级地域的公路货运 空间联系存在以下特征: 存在一个或数个中心城市, 货运量的大小很大程度上由城市本身性质决 定, 距离衰减规律不明显, 沿海港口对内部空间运输联系的影响很大。 相似文献
6.
青海省祁连山南缘多年冻土区发现天然气水合物,这是在我国冻土区的首次发现。虽然青海天然气水合物的发现与开发具有诸如能源战略等重要意义,但在多年冻土区开发天然气水合物具有巨大的环境影响风险,包括CH4释放对全球气候的影响、冻土层的退化和高寒草甸的破坏、开采过程中可能出现的塌方和地陷等。可以通过采用安全可靠的具有针对性的开发技术和工艺,将青海天然气水合物开发纳入柴达木循环经济范畴,采用CO2捕获和封存技术,以及控制工程过程等来防治天然气水合物开发过程中的环境影响。 相似文献
7.
利用探索式空间数据分析（ESDA）方法分析了2004-2010年西北地区市域尺度的公路网空间分布差异及其变化特征,并结合定性分析和空间计量模型探讨了公路分布差异的驱动机制。结果表明:（1）西北地区公路网空间分布具有显著的全局正相关关系,存在明显的集聚特征,公路网空间差异趋势愈加明显,公路网集聚模式发生明显变化的区域集中在陕甘宁交界地带,“陕南-关中-陇东-青东”地区形成公路网“高-高”集聚类型分布的连绵区域,“低-低”集聚类型区域分布在河西走廊、新疆、青海地区;（2）公路网密度水平高于全国平均水平的区域规模数量呈增长态势,其中“西安-兰州-西宁”地区的公路网密度水平高于全国平均水平,该地区已形成具备向外扩张能力的交通带;（3）自然环境状况是约束公路交通基础设施建设运营的基本条件,而区域经济的非均衡发展格局及其空间溢出效应是形成公路网分布差异的重要驱动力。 相似文献
8.
At present, embankment longitudinal cracks are a major problem in highways through permafrost regions, and seriously affect traffic safety and the normal operations of the highway. In the past, roadbed height in permafrost regions was relatively low, and embankment cracks were rare and did not affect traffic safety. Thus, highway designers and researchers paid little attention to this problem, and they knew very little about distribution laws and mechanism of embankment longitudinal cracks. Due to this lack of knowledge, there is no uniform opinion on this problem, making it difficult to find measures that will mediate the impact of longitudinal cracks. Temperature is a major factor that affects and controls embankment stability in permafrost regions, especially in ice-rich and high-temperature regions, and solar radiation is the principal factor that determines surface temperatures. Under higher embankment, the difference of temperature will be larger between a sunny slope and a shady slope. Hence, the probability for longitudinal cracks generation is higher. In this paper, a survey and analysis of longitudinal cracks along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway were carried out. The longitudinal cracks are found to be related to the road strikes. Solar radiation is considered to play an important role in the generation of longitudinal cracks. 相似文献
9.
Ground temperatures from four of the seven extensively studied highway cross-sections near Gulkana/Glennallen,Alaska during 1954~1962,were chosen to better understand the impacts of highway construction on warm permafrost.Both the thawing of permafrost and seasonal frost action impacted on road surface stability for about 6 years until the maximum summer thaw reached about 3 m in depth.Seasonal frost action caused most of the ensuing stability problems.Unusually warm summers and the lengths of time required to re-freeze the active layer were far more important than the average annual air temperatures in determining the temperatures of the underlying shallow permafrost,or the development of taliks.The hypothesized climate warming would slightly and gradually deepen the active layer and the developed under-lying talik,but its effect would be obscured by unusually warm summers,by warmer than usual winters,and by the vari-able lengths of time of the zero curtains.At least one period of climate mini-cooling in the deeper permafrost during the early 20th century was noted. 相似文献
10.
由于青海省特殊的地理位置 ,其生态环境建设在全国占有举足轻重的战略地位 ,客观上已成为全国生态保护与建设的重点区域。该文分析了青海省目前存在的主要生态环境问题 ,预测了青海省未来生态环境演变趋势 ,将青海省初步划分成 4个生态环境区 ,并针对各区的不同特点提出了生态环境建设的对策措施 相似文献
11.
After the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway, the Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission(QTPT) line is another major permafrost engineering project with new types of engineering structures. The changing process and trend of ground temperature around tower foundations are crucial for the stability of QTPT. We analyzed the change characteristics and tendencies of the ground temperature based on field monitoring data from 2010 to 2014. The results reveal that soil around the tower foundations froze and connected with the artificial permafrost induced during the construction of footings after the first freezing period, and the soil below the original permafrost table kept freezing in subsequent thawing periods. The ground temperature lowered to that of natural fields, fast or slowly for tower foundations with thermosyphons,while for tower foundations without thermosyphons, the increase in ground temperature resulted in higher temperature than that of natural fields. Also, the permafrost temperature and ice content are significant factors that influence the ground temperature around tower foundations. Specifically, the ground temperature around tower foundations in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions decreased slowly, while that in cold and ice poor permafrost regions cooled faster. Moreover, foundations types impacted the ground temperature, which consisted of different technical processes during construction and variant of tower footing structures. The revealed changing process and trend of the ground temperature is beneficial for evaluating the thermal regime evolution around tower foundations in the context of climate change. 相似文献
12.
青海省草地资源净初级生产力遥感监测 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在研究特定区域的草地光能利用率和环境影响因素典型特点的基础上,建立基于光能利用率的草地NPP遥感估算模型,模拟并分析2006年青海省草地FPAR、光能利用率、NPP的空间分布和季相变化特征。研究结果表明,2006年青海省草地净初级生产力平均值为173.28 gC/(m2.a)。青海省东南部、南部和青海湖周围三个地区,是青海省草地NPP较高的区域。不同草地类型的NPP存在差异,高覆盖度草地的单位面积平均NPP为193.82 gC/(m2.a),中覆盖度草地NPP为157.14 gC/(m2.a),低覆盖度草地NPP为121.08 gC/(m2.a)。 相似文献
13.
V. G. Kondratiev 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(4):0377-0386
The history of railway and highway construction in permafrost zones in Russia, the United States, Canada, and China spans more
than 110 years. Nonetheless, no railway track or highway has yet been built in such area that is impervious to deformation caused
by subsidence resulting from the thawing of ice-rich subgrade soils. This paper presents data on the roadbed states of the Transbaikalian
and the Baikal-Amur Railways as well as the Russian "AMUR" Chita-Khabarovsk Highway. It also discusses the feasibility
of roadbed stability maintenance using methods based on the reduction of the mean annual ground temperature and roadbed
preservation in a permafrost state by means of the natural cooling and heating factors ratio regulation resulting in a reduction of the
heat generation in the roadbed and the adjoining area accompanied by an increase of heat consumption with help of the
sun-precipitation protective sheds (awnings), rock covers, dolomite powder (reflective paint), cooling tube and thermosyphons as
well as tower supports and corrugated pipe culverts stability. 相似文献
14.
选取河南省公路客运为研究对象,通过河南省长途汽车客运班线调查的O-D数据和统计数据,在ArcGIS平台上通过VBA编程,运用最大输出量等指标,自动产生河南省空间运输联系网络图,以确定河南省公路客运联系模式。研究表明,郑州市作为省会极化效应明显,辐射范围波及全省;河南省公路客流的距离衰减规律明显,短途流所占比例较大。 相似文献
15.
青海省防治沙漠化区划研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
按照区划的原则和依据,将青海省沙漠化土地划分为4区10个亚区。柴达木盆地荒漠区划分为冷湖风蚀区、格尔木流沙区、都兰流沙区、德令哈戈壁区和乌兰固沙区5个亚区;共和盆地半荒漠区划分为共和流沙区和贵南流沙区2个亚区,青海湖盆地环湖区只划分1个亚区;青南高寒区划分为可可西里风蚀区和黄河上游阶地风蚀风积区2个亚区。针对各亚区沙漠化土地现状和特点,提出了合理开发方向和防治途径。 相似文献
16.
Mongolia is a land-locked country in Central Asia, located between Russia and China. The country's high altitude results in cold, dry, and harsh climatic conditions with permafrost being widespread through the territory. Although the capital city Ulaanbaatar is situated in an area with discontinuous permafrost, the downtown section has recently seen a disappearance of permafrost due to an underground central heating system. During the last decade, expansion of the suburbs toward the Nalaikh Depression has resulted in construction of a new residential complex (Urgakh Naran), construction materials trading center, cement factory and agricultural products market. In the next 10 years, projects such as a university campus, logistics center, residential complex, railway and highway extensions connecting Russia and China have been planned. Engineering-geological and geotechnical investigations have been conducted for these construction projects. This paper presents some of the results determining the engineering geocryological conditions of Nalaikh district and offers foundation design options. 相似文献
17.
One of the main construction problems in permafrost regions is protecting permafrost thermal stability. Although ventilating ducts and crushed-rock layers were successfully used in railway embankment construction, their effects might not meet large-width expressway requirements. The convection-intensifying composite embankment composed of perforated ventilation ducts and crushed-rock layers was numerically studied to investigate its cooling effects. Adopting a numerical model, the temperature fields for two kinds of composite embankment with and without air doors were analyzed considering air flow and heat transfer characteristics in porous media. The results show that wind velocity in the crushed-rock zone is intensified by the perforated ventilation duct. The underlying permafrost temperature obviously decreases, and the 0 °C isotherm position rises significantly due to composite embankment. The composite embankment with air doors is more effective than that without air doors. Therefore, the new convection-intensifying composite embankment is potentially a highly efficient cooling measure for construction in permafrost regions. 相似文献
18.
19.
提高游客满意度是促进旅游业可持续发展的根本保障.以青海省国内游客为研究对象,运用五级态度量表量化游客满意度评价项目,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,对餐饮、住宿、交通、游览、购物、娱乐、总体满意度以及游客重游率等方面开展综合测评.研究表明：国内游客对青海各旅游环节的满意度评价总体上处于满意和一般之间,旅游总体满意度评价较高,游客重游青海的潜力大. 相似文献
20.
基于分形理论的公路交通网络与区域经济发展关系的研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以安徽省17个地级市公路交通网络为研究对象,用分形技术测算出各等级公路网络的分维数,并构建了度量综合路网的权维数模型。经过实证得出区域路网分维数受路网面积大小影响,继而对地级市进行了面积区划,把各类区的路网权维数、干线分维数和综合经济指数做相关分析。研究发现各市的路网分维数与综合经济指数呈正相关,说明了路网覆盖度越均匀,交通网络越复杂地区经济发展越好。为进一步探求各市公路建设和经济发展之间的协调关系,通过引进公路规模与经济产出的分形模型测算出17个地级市的分维数,发现有合肥市等6城市经济发展超前于公路规模,铜陵等4城市基本一致,马鞍山等7城市经济发展滞后于公路建设规模。 相似文献