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1.
岩爆是深部高地应力区地下岩体工程中的主要工程地质灾害之一,其发生及烈度预测是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。为了有效预测和判别深部工程岩爆灾害,在总体考虑岩爆各影响因素的基础上,选取地下工程中岩体完整性指数、岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石单轴抗拉强度、围岩最大切向应力、围岩抗压强度与其抗拉强度的比值、围岩切向应力与围岩抗压强度比值、弹性能量指数、岩爆倾向性指数作为岩爆预测的评判指标,提出了一种基于非线性参数优化的RBF-AR岩爆预测模型。在终南山隧道竖井岩爆判别中,利用RBF-AR法进行计算,计算结果与实际情况完全一致,表明该模型在岩爆预测中的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
2.
Hartmut Kern 《地学学报》1990,2(6):617-628
This contribution reports data and evidence from laboratory measurements of compressional and shear-wave velocities and mineralogical, microstructural and chemical analyses in crustal rocks that may provide an aid to understanding and interpreting geophysical data. It is shown that the correlation of laboratory seismic data with stratigraphic field data can provide the necessary data base for constructing a seismic model of the Earth's crust in a particular geological area. 相似文献
3.
隧道施工期超前地质预报实施方法研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地质信息采集、超前预报与数据解译是隧道超前地质预报中的3个重要环节,首先讨论了超前开挖隧道的地质编录的工作方法,包括风险靶段分级、掌子面地质素描,进而绘制平面地质图,建立三维地质模型,计算不良地质体及含水体在相邻未开挖隧道的出露位置。在此基础上,详细讨论了仪器配合的关键问题,并开发了隧道超前地质预报自动选择程序,可以帮助操作员从中选择不同岩性地区、不同构造发育特点、不同地下水文条件下需要选择的预报方法,并建议了特殊地段的预报方法选择,最后结合工程实例讨论了几种常用的预报方法的数据解译过程中应注意的问题及典型不良地质体的判据。其结果对于隧道超前地质预报工作具有一定的借鉴与指导意义 相似文献
4.
When planning a TBM drive in squeezing ground, the tunnelling engineer faces a complex problem involving a number of conflicting factors. In this respect, numerical analyses represent a helpful decision aid as they provide a quantitative assessment of the effects of key parameters. The present paper investigates the interaction between the shield, ground and tunnel support by means of computational analysis. Emphasis is placed on the boundary condition, which is applied to model the interface between the ground and the shield or tunnel support. The paper also discusses two cases, which illustrate different methodical approaches applied to the assessment of a TBM drive in squeezing ground. The first case history—the Uluabat Tunnel (Turkey)—mainly involves the investigation of TBM design measures aimed at reducing the risk of shield jamming. The second case history—the Faido Section of the Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)—deals with different types of tunnel support installed behind a gripper TBM. 相似文献
5.
Surface movements were measured in the Gotthard massif as the Gotthard Base Tunnel was excavated. These movements might damage concrete dams constructed on the surface valleys. The leading assumption of this work is that deformation is induced by the dissipation of pore pressures in the massif caused by tunnel drainage. Deformations induce both horizontal and vertical surface displacements. Horizontal displacements, may lead to valley closures if they are in opposite direction, which would induce negative effects on arch dams. An analytical solution is derived using the method of images and an approximated integration of deformations to calculate the movements and the flow rate collected in the tunnel. Numerical calculations were carried out in 2D (vertical cross section) and 3D to investigate the problem under different conditions and to study the effect of parameters. The 3D models permit to incorporate the presence of a vertical fracture perpendicular to the tunnel that increases the drainage and pressure drop as it is hit by the tunnel. It was also possible to simulate the impermeabilization works in the tunnel to reduce drainage and consequently, movements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
When planning a TBM drive in squeezing ground, the tunnelling engineer faces a complex problem involving a number of conflicting
factors. In this respect, numerical analyses represent a helpful decision aid as they provide a quantitative assessment of
the effects of key parameters. The present paper investigates the interaction between the shield, ground and tunnel support
by means of computational analysis. Emphasis is placed on the boundary condition, which is applied to model the interface
between the ground and the shield or tunnel support. The paper also discusses two cases, which illustrate different methodical
approaches applied to the assessment of a TBM drive in squeezing ground. The first case history—the Uluabat Tunnel (Turkey)—mainly
involves the investigation of TBM design measures aimed at reducing the risk of shield jamming. The second case history—the
Faido Section of the Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)—deals with different types of tunnel support installed behind a gripper
TBM. 相似文献
7.
Engineering geological and geotechnical site characteristics were assessed and seismic hazard studies performed for the Upper
Pliocene to Pleistocene fluvial and Quaternary alluvial and terrace deposits for a site west of Ankara, Turkey. Sediment conditions
were determined and a soil profile was characterized by surface geophysical methods. These studies were integrated with existing
in-situ characterization studies to create a seismic and geotechnical database for the site. A seismic zonation map of the
site was then prepared. Site classification systems were assigned to account for site effects in relation to seismic hazard
assessments. The consequences of the seismic hazards were investigated and recommendations were presented. 相似文献
8.
Engineering geophysics provides valuable and continuous information for the planning and execution of tunnel construction
projects. For geotechnical purposes special high-resolution geophysical methods have been developed during the last decades.
The importance of applying geophysical methods in addition to usually used geological and geotechnical exploration techniques
is increasing. The main goal is to achieve an accurate and continuous model of the subsurface in a relative short period of
operation time. The routine application of engineering geophysical methods will increase in the coming years. Due to the high
acceptance of engineering geophysics at construction sites, much wider application of geophysical investigations is expected.
The combination of different methods—geophysics, geology, and geotechnics as well as the so-called joint interpretation techniques—will
be of essential importance. Engineering geophysics will play an important role during the three phases: geological investigation,
tunnel planning, and execution of tunnel construction. If hazards are well known in advance of a tunnel project the safety
of workers will essentially be increased and geological risks will be minimized by means of successful and interdisciplinary
cooperation. 相似文献
9.
为解决传统围岩分级方法对极软岩隧洞复杂性考虑不足的缺陷,引入模糊数学理论,选取单轴抗压强度、岩石完整性指标RQD、结构面间距、结构面特征、岩石含水量及干燥饱和吸水率6个因素作为评价指标,为避免评价指标赋值的主观性,利用熵权法计算各指标的权重,建立起围岩分级的熵权模糊综合评价模型。将该模型应用于印度尼西亚某在建水电站黏土岩隧洞围岩分级当中,选取15个待评洞段进行评价,结果表明,隧洞围岩以Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级为主,利用该模型计算的围岩分级结果与现场确定的围岩支护等级高度吻合,通过对比分析,认为该模型分级结果较传统RMR分级法更优,表明模糊数学理论可以解决极软岩隧洞影响因素的复杂性及模糊性问题,熵权法能够降低人为赋值的主观性,两者结合可实现对黏土岩隧洞的客观评价,该方法可为极软岩隧洞分级提供参考。 相似文献
10.
A rippability classification system for marls in lignite mines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
11.
使用隧道掘进机（TBM）开挖隧道时刀盘和盾体阻碍了对岩石状态的观察,这时可使用岩渣对岩石条件进行预测和评价。从滚刀破碎掌子面产生的岩渣中选取块状岩石进行点荷载试验可以获得岩石强度,但是受过滚刀损伤作用的岩石强度值与未受损伤的岩石强度值之间的关系尚不明确。从吉林引松供水工程TBM破岩产生的岩渣中挑选块状试样进行点荷载试验,同时在产生岩渣的相应位置钻取岩芯获取点荷载强度,与单轴抗压强度进行了对比,记录了取样地点地质状态、试样的尺寸、破碎状态以及等效断裂面积。结果表明：岩渣中的岩块受到滚刀作用产生的损伤强度值有所下降,为完整取芯试样的63.25%,原岩越完整受损程度越大;灰岩点荷载强度换算岩石单轴抗压强度系数约为25.3,直接使用岩渣时建议系数约为42.1;峰值荷载与等效断裂面积成正比;尺寸过大的试块往往与岩体原有裂隙有关,强度极低,不适宜用作点荷载试验。研究结果为TBM隧道现场快速获取岩石强度参数提供了方法和依据。 相似文献
12.
综合运用跨孔地震CT、探地雷达、高密度电阻率法、浅层地震反射波、土壤氡浓度和波速测试6种物探方法,对广州市白云区金沙洲岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害进行探测,查明了该区的溶洞、土洞及构造破碎带的分布。介绍了各种方法技术,对综合物探成果进行总结,结合实例说明综合物探方法在该区的应用取得了显著效果,为地质灾害防治提供了基础地质资料。在广花盆地岩溶发育区,首次应用跨孔地震CT探测建筑物地下岩溶分布,为评价受岩溶地质灾害影响的建筑物安全提供依据。 相似文献
13.
由于受护盾、管片及电磁干扰的影响,地质素描、炸药激振地震法、电磁法等超前地质预报方法在双护盾TBM施工中无法使用。根据双护盾TBM技术特点,以CCS水电站引水隧洞为工程背景,提出了以地质分析法、物探法、和超前钻探等为主的综合超前地质预报方法。综合超前地质预报采用"由粗到细、点面结合"的原则。地质分析法包括隧洞沿线地质分析、施工地质观察、岩渣及掘进参数分析等,不占用TBM掘进时间,成本低,可全洞段采用。物探法包括ISIS地震法和BEAM电法。物探法和超前钻探占用TBM掘进时间,且预报成本较高。因此,应根据预报精度、预报成本及是否占用掘进时间综合权衡后,确定采用何种预报方法。基于综合超前地质预报结果,针对不良地质条件,提出了相应的处理措施。研究结果表明,综合超前地质方法符合双护盾TBM施工特点,能有效识别掌子面前方的不良地质条件,同时可为工程应对措施提供基础支撑,从而有效避免或降低不良地质条件的影响。 相似文献
14.
Study on the application of a comprehensive technique for geological prediction in tunneling 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The technique of geological prediction, based on which geological conditions can be known in advance to improve construction
progress, is widely adopted during tunnel excavation. Because of the problems associated with current, single-method prediction
techniques, a comprehensive technique combining engineering geophysical exploration with engineering geology is proposed in
this study. This method could make excavation more economical and safer by improving the accuracy of such predictions. It
uses engineering geophysical exploration measures such as tunnel seismic prediction (TSP) to detect the geological conditions
ahead, and measures the investigation and deduces the precise results either in the tunnel or on the surface. Compared with
single-method techniques, its advantages include high resolution, speed, ease of use, and low cost. By comparing the application
of the various techniques and a successful example of application of technique TSP203 with the measures of investigation and
deduction in engineering geology, we show the superiority of the proposed comprehensive method and its favorable prospects.
This contribution also provides a new concept for the development of tunnel geological prediction techniques. 相似文献
15.
Surface reflection seismic techniques have the capability of mapping subsurface geological features without disturbing the rock mass. They also have an added capability of penetrating to a much deeper depth than any other geophysical technique, including the ground probing radar. However, the successful application of reflection seismic techniques in crystalline rocks has in general been more difficult than in sedimentary basins, because of the irregular geometry and low acoustic impedance contrasts across geological boundaries. In this paper, we describe the imaging of fracture zones in crystalline rocks. Effective data processing, carefully modified from the conventional approaches, was applied on two high-resolution field data previously collected by different contractors. The strategy included enhancement of the signal hidden under the large-amplitude scattering noise, through pre- and post-stack processing such as shot f-k filtering, residual statics and careful muting after NMO correction. Two sets of low S/N test data from Canada and Sweden are analyzed in this research. The reflected energy in these data sets appeared to be more closely related to fracturing than to lithologic boundaries. The major fracture zones at shallow depth have been mapped with the desired resolution and can be correlated to the available well-log and seismic crosshole tomographic data. Once the surface waves were removed, shallow reflectors in the fracture zones could be identified and analyzed on the field records. Focusing analysis of the seismic image was performed in the constant-offset section to investigate the trends of major fracture zones. The complex attributes were also analyzed to determine whether they could be applied to the shallow fracture zones. Instantaneous frequency plots outline the intense fracturing zone and instantaneous phase plots identify the major and minor fractures, and other coherent events with different dip attitudes which interfere with each other. 相似文献
16.
岩爆是深埋长大隧道面临的主要地质灾害之一,其“孕育-发生-发展”全过程异常复杂,使其成为地下工程中的世界性难题。准确反映地应力变化规律以及区域内地质构造影响,结合实测资料进行岩爆分级预测,对保障隧道前期勘察设计及后期安全施工具有重要意义。根据隧道工程地质资料,通过COMSOL Multiphysics和Rhino建立三维数值计算模型,反演分析得到整个区域的初始地应力场。在综合分析影响岩爆关键因素的基础上,从“储能性-倾向性-突发性”研究角度,选取岩石单轴抗压强度与围岩洞壁最大主应力比(σc/σmax)、围岩洞壁最大切向应力与岩石单轴抗压强度比(σθ/σc)、岩石强度脆性系数(σc/σt)及岩石弹性能指数(Wet)作为评价指标。采用熵权法确定指标权重,运用功效系数法加权计算总功效系数值,构建了一种基于功效系数法和地应力场反演的深埋长大隧道岩爆预测模型,并将其应用于川藏铁路桑珠岭隧道。研究结果表明,该模型具有较高的准确性和可靠性,为类似深埋长大隧道岩爆预测提供了一种新的参考。 相似文献
17.
渤海海峡跨海通道工程的前期研究一直停留在规划层面,系统性的工程地质勘察工作基本是空白。本文通过资料搜集、现场调查、海上钻探、海洋物探、室内试验等手段,重点围绕跨海通道沿线工程地质特征、特殊岩土性质、不良地质作用和主要工程地质问题等开展了系统研究。研究表明:(1)海峡通道内海底第四系覆盖层厚度深浅不一,邻近岛屿附近埋藏较浅,海峡腹地、峡道中部厚度较大;老铁山水道中央位置处覆盖层最厚,附近ZK1钻孔深度达到186.3m,仍未见基岩;(2)通道沿线地层岩性主要有石英片岩、变质砂岩、长石砂岩、片麻岩等,岩性较为坚硬,岩体基本分级以Ⅲ~Ⅳ级为主;(3)沿线特殊岩土有填筑土、新近黄土、软土和泥质膨胀岩4类,不良地质作用有危岩落石、人为坑洞、有害气体和地震地质灾害等;(4)工程地质问题主要有跨越断裂带和海底隧道突涌水两方面,隧道突涌水风险集中在断裂破碎带附近。研究成果对科学论证渤海海峡跨海通道工程建设方案具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
19.
圆梁山隧道穿越由碳酸盐岩构成且地质情况十分复杂的毛坝向斜。应用物探方法, 进行了超前地质预报的研究。结果表明:在灰岩地区深埋长大隧道做物探超前地质预报, 最好先开展可控源音频大地电磁法勘探, 查明各种构造、岩溶发育区、油汽囊等的位置、形状、规模和埋深, 对地质情况有一个半定量认识, 然后在开挖的掌子面附近开展负视速度地震反射波法, 精确预报掌子面前方的不良地质。 相似文献
20.
岩爆预测一直是地下工程领域中的世界性难题。本文以西南某隧道工程为例,从岩爆形成的3个条件:岩石岩爆倾向性、岩体完整性和高地应力环境3个方面着手,应用最大储存弹性应变能指标Es和岩石脆性系数B,对深埋隧道区段内可能发生岩爆的石英砂岩、灰岩岩体进行岩爆倾向性分析预测; 基于地应力测量数据资料,采用地质过程动态模拟的有限元分析方法,反演分析隧道工程区岩体地应力场,对隧道高应力区段作出判断; 根据现场所取样品试验结果综合分析隧道围岩的物理力学性质、岩石单轴抗压强度等。在分析和总结前人岩爆预测预报方法的基础上,以工程地质分析为基础,详细阐明隧道岩爆发生的条件,并以岩体力学和非线性科学理论为指导,采用地质综合分析、应力强度比法对隧道可能发生岩爆的部位及其强度进行综合预测。 相似文献