共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
西南某水电站库区五里沟、咱里沟、浑水沟等多条泥石流冲沟发育,历史上曾经发生过大规模的泥石流。沟内第四纪松散堆积物及人工堆积物丰富,在暴雨,地震等自然因素的触发下,时有较大规模的泥石流发生的可能,将对该水电站运行安全带来不利影响。根据国内外有关研究成果,结合区内泥石流的具体特征,重点以五里沟为主,分析研究了五里沟泥石流的形成条件及其运动特征,包括泥石流的流速、流量、冲击力。这一研究为评价库区泥石流对水电站的建设和安全运行的影响具有现实意义。 相似文献
2.
栗子坪水电站南桠村沟泥石流运动特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南桠村沟位于南桠河栗子坪水电站首部枢纽区左岸，是水电站工程区内规模较大的一条泥石流冲沟，历史上曾经发生过较大规模的泥石流。水电站调节池位于南桠村沟的出口台地上，沟内第四纪松散堆积物及人工堆积物丰富，在暴雨，地震等自然因素的触发下，时有较大规模的泥石流发生的可能，对调节池的运行安全带来不利影响。笔者根据国内外有关研究成果，结合南桠村沟泥石流的具体特征，分析研究了南桠村沟泥石流的运动特征，包括泥石流的流速、流量、和冲击力，这一研究对评价南桠村沟泥石流对栗子坪水电站调节池的影响具有现实意义。 相似文献
3.
雅鲁藏布江中游某水电站在库区6.7km范围内发育有11条泥石流沟,泥石流发生频率较低。本文主要通过对库区各石流沟的危险性、堵江可能性及对水电站工程设施的影响三个方面进行分析讨论,进而综合分析库区泥石流的工程影响。其中3条沟距离坝址较近,危险性较大,会对坝址区水工建筑及施工安全造成一定影响,库区泥石流不会造成严重的堵江问题。水库蓄水后,库区泥石流堆积区急剧后退,对水库正常运营影响较小。 相似文献
4.
西藏某水电站厂区后山发育了5条泥石流沟,2005年7月22日暴发了近百年来最大的泥石流,泥石流的规模和影响范围将直接影响到该厂房的枢纽布置、施工及运行安全。厂房区泥石流沟的泥石流固体物质来源丰富,形成区内沟道坡度陡峭,因此只要有足够的降雨就可以形成泥石流。以设计泥石流流量计算的泥石流的总径流量确定的泥石流危险范围与调查的厂区各条泥石流沟2005年的实际泛滥区很相近,并以此可以得到不同设计频率的泥石流危险区。电厂厂房区的设施在施工期和运行期间受到泥石流活动的一定影响,必须采取合理的泥石流工程防护措施,避免泥石流对厂房区设施的危害,保障电站的施工和运行,满足电厂厂区的建设需要。 相似文献
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概述了硬梁包水电站左岸磨子沟泥石流的基本特征、泥石流危险性、泥石流发展趋势,泥石流对工程区的影响进行了分析和评价,为解决该泥石流沟治理设计提供了依据。 相似文献
7.
旦波北沟为雅砻江中游右岸河段的一级支流,历史上曾发生多次泥石流.在查明泥石流形成条件的基础上,分析了旦波北沟泥石流的运动特征,包括泥石流的流速、流量、冲击力.这一结论为评价该泥石流对水电站的建设和安全运行的影响具有现实意义.建议左岸前期施工场地和左岸上游备料场沿江设置挡墙,且场地要注意少占行洪断面,防止泥石流沉积淤塞河... 相似文献
8.
泥石流是水电站建设中常见的地质灾害之一,研究泥石流的活动特征及评价其危险性对电站的施工及运行都具有重要的作用。根据对某水电站厂址区勘查所获取的第一手资料,对厂址区后山5条泥石流沟的成因进行分析,并在此基础上分别对5条泥石流沟的危险性及其可能在不同阶段对工程的影响进行了评价,研究结果可为厂房的设计、施工及运行提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
9.
某水电站某泥石流沟内常年流水,属季节性排洪沟谷,水动力类型为暴雨,沟内松散物源丰富,具有泥石流发生条件。在上游区以拦挡泥石流为主,通过修建拦挡措施,减少形成泥石流的固体物质,在下游区以防水、边坡防护及引流等措施,通过修建溢流坝截断上游水流对沟内堆渣体渗流影响;通过修建排洪渠及排洪洞引流;通过削坡、修坡进行边坡维护加固。确保了导流洞出口及上下行交通洞进出口的施工期安全及运行安全。 相似文献
10.
拟建猴子岩水电站移民安置点位于江口沟泥石流堆积扇上,通过现场调查泥石流形成条件和运动特征,获得了1958年发生的50 a一遇泥石流危险区范围,根据雨洪法计算确定了泥石流的相关运动学参数。使用基于有限体积法的CFX软件,选择Bingham流变模型对江口沟泥石流流动过程的液面分布情况和速度场进行了三维数值模拟,得出了泥石流危险区范围和速度场分布情况。模拟结果显示,江口沟50 a一遇泥石流流过堆积区的平均速度为5.76 m/s,其中最大速度为13.59 m/s。数值模拟计算得出的危险范围较1958年扩大,是因为早期泥石流堆积物将原有地面特别是沟道附近地面抬高,使得现状条件下泥石流更容易向两侧漫流泛滥而扩大。上述结果为泥石流防治工程设计及危险区范围划定提供了一种新的方法,对工程实践具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
11.
Classification,formation, and transport mechanisms of mud clasts 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Shunli Li Shengli Li Xin Shan Chenglin Gong Xinghe Yu 《International Geology Review》2017,59(12):1609-1620
Mud clasts are common in non-marine to marine sedimentary records, however, why lack a widely accepted classification scheme? We propose that it is the relative balance of volumetric abundance, sorting, roundness, and grain size that controls the texture and fabric of mud clasts. Nine distinct types of mud clasts are identified in the study based on quantitatified properties, and fall into two groups coarse-grained and fine-grained. The generation of mud clasts can be assigned to failure, erosion, and/or bioturbation of muddy sediment. These clasts are transported within fluid flows including Newtonian fluids, non-Newtonian fluids, and Bingham plastics (gravity flow and turbidity flow), showing various physical characteristics depended upon the density and viscosity of flows. Newtonian flows with less density and viscosity commonly form mud clasts with mature textures. In non-Newtonian (gravity-driven) flows, mud clasts are normally transported in laminar flows with high density and viscosity, developing matrix-supported mud clasts with immature textures. The study of classification, formation, and transport mechanisms of mud clasts has implications for identifying and interpreting sedimentary environments. 相似文献
12.
Facies of slurry-flow deposits, Britannia Formation (Lower Cretaceous), North Sea: implications for flow evolution and deposit geometry 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
ABSTRACT Mud‐rich sandstone beds in the Lower Cretaceous Britannia Formation, UK North Sea, were deposited by sediment flows transitional between debris flows and turbidity currents, termed slurry flows. Much of the mud in these flows was transported as sand‐ and silt‐sized grains that were approximately hydraulically equivalent to suspended quartz and feldspar. In the eastern Britannia Field, individual slurry beds are continuous over long distances, and abundant core makes it possible to document facies changes across the field. Most beds display regular areal grain‐size changes. In this study, fining trends, especially in the size of the largest grains, are used to estimate palaeoflow and palaeoslope directions. In the middle part of the Britannia Formation, stratigraphic zones 40 and 45, slurry flows moved from south‐west and south towards the north‐east and north. Most zone 45 beds lens out before reaching the northern edge of the field, apparently by wedging out against the northern basin slope. Zone 40 and 45 beds show downflow facies transitions from low‐mud‐content, dish‐structured and wispy‐laminated sandstone to high‐mud‐content banded units. In zone 50, at the top of the formation, flows moved from north to south or north‐west to south‐east, and their deposits show transitions from proximal mud‐rich banded and mixed slurried beds to more distal lower‐mud‐content banded and wispy‐laminated units. The contrasting facies trends in zones 40 and 45 and zone 50 may reflect differing grain‐size relationships between quartz and feldspar grains and mud particles in the depositing flows. In zones 40 and 45, quartz grains average 0·30–0·32 mm in diameter, ≈ 0·10 mm coarser than in zone 50. The medium‐grained quartz in zones 40 and 45 flows may have been slightly coarser than the associated mud grains, resulting in the preferential deposition of quartz in proximal areas and downslope enrichment of the flows in mud. In zone 50 flows, mud was probably slightly coarser than the associated fine‐grained quartz, resulting in early mud sedimentation and enrichment of the distal flows in fine‐grained quartz and feldspar. Mud particles in all flows may have had an effective grain size of ≈ 0·25 mm. Both mud content and suspended‐load fallout rate played key roles in the sedimentation of Britannia slurry flows and structuring of the resulting deposits. During deposition of zones 40 and 45, the area of the eastern Britannia Field in block 16/26 may have been a locally enclosed subbasin within which the depositing slurry flows were locally ponded. Slurry beds in the eastern Britannia Field are ‘lumpy’ sheet‐like bodies that show facies changes but little additional complexity. There is no thin‐bedded facies that might represent waning flows analogous to low‐density turbidity currents. The dominance of laminar, cohesion‐dominated shear layers during sedimentation prevented most bed erosion, and the deposystem lacked channel, levee and overbank facies that commonly make up turbidity current‐dominated systems. Britannia slurry flows, although turbulent and capable of size‐fractionating even fine‐grained sediments, left sand bodies with geometries and facies more like those deposited by poorly differentiated laminar debris flows. 相似文献
13.
莺歌海盆地东方A气田莺歌海组的沉积模式存在争议。综合利用岩心、录井、测井等资料分析沉积相类型,在此基础上结合地震多属性及单井、连井分析,研究各气组的沉积演化,并对东方A气田沉积相形成的控制因素进行了总结。莺歌海组二段沉积时期发育三种沉积微相,分别为浊积席状砂、滨外滩坝及滨外泥。该段Ⅲ、Ⅱ气组主要发育来自西部物源的海底扇外扇浊积席状砂,Ⅰ气组主要为滨外滩坝沉积,滨外泥在各气组均有发育。东方A气田的沉积相受控于盆地的二级坡折带及沉积时期底辟的发生。本次研究关于莺歌海组二段浊积席状砂的认识,改变了以往强调东部海南岛物源的滨外滩坝的模式,为后期的开发调整起到了积极有效的作用。 相似文献
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15.
Christopher J. Stevenson Peter J. Talling Esther J. Sumner Douglas G. Masson Micheal Frenz Russell B. Wynn 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):1982-2019
Submarine gravity currents, especially long run‐out flows that reach the deep ocean, are exceptionally difficult to monitor in action, hence there is a need to reconstruct how these flows behave from their deposits. This study mapped five individual flow deposits (beds) across the Agadir Basin, offshore north‐west Africa. This is the only data set where bed shape, internal distribution of lithofacies, changes in grain size and sea floor gradient, bed volumes, flow thickness and depth of erosion into underlying hemipelagic mud are known for individual beds. Some flows were 30 to 120 m thick. However, flows with the highest fraction of sand were less than 5 to 14 m thick. Sand was most likely to be carried in the lower 5 to 7 m of these flows. Despite being relatively thin, one flow was capable of transporting very large volumes of sediment (ca 200 km3) for large distances across very flat sea floor. These observations show that these relatively thin flows could travel quickly enough on very low gradients (0·02° to 0·05°) to suspend sand several metres to tens of metres above the sea floor, and maintain those speeds for up to 250 km across the basin. Near uniform hemipelagic mud interval thickness between beds, and coccolith assemblages in the mud caps of beds, suggest that the flows did not erode significantly into the underlying sea floor mud. Simple calculations imply that some flows, especially in the proximal part of the basin, were powerful enough to have eroded hemipelagic mud if it was exposed to the flow. This suggests that the flows were depositional from the moment they arrived at a basin plain location, and that deposition shielded the underlying hemipelagic mud from erosion. Reproducing the field observations outlined in this exceptionally detailed field data set is a challenge for future experimental and numerical models. 相似文献
16.
Lucia Capra 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):45-61
Volcanic activity can enhance several secondary effects, including the formation of one or more natural dams. A common example
is from volcanic collapse, where huge mass volumes are rapidly emplaced, obstructing the drainage around a volcano. Their
duration depends on the volume of the obstructing mass, inflow rate, and on its textural characteristics. A block facies of
a debris avalanche produces durable and permeable dams that consist of decimeter to meter-sized blocks without matrix, whereas
a mixed facies is easily eroded after overflowing. Analysis of the sedimentological characteristics of different volcaniclastic
deposits that formed natural dams indicate that a mean grain size (Md) equal to −1 phi divides the field of debris avalanche
dams (Md < −1 phi) from that formed from other types of volcanic deposits. In addition, the matrix proportion of dams formed
by debris avalanches are less than the 50% and the percentage of mud fraction is highly variable, up to 30%. Combining the
granulometric textures with duration time of the dam shows no clear relation. Dam durability is probably more dependent on
the volume of the lake and the inflow rate. Only in some cases, as mud fraction increases is the blockage also less durable
because the lower permeability favors rapid infilling. The texture of the dam also determines the types of secondary flows
that originate by their breakdown. These vary from cohesive debris flow to hyperconcentrated flow, representing different
hazards due to their magnitude and their different behavior downstream. 相似文献
17.
Comprehensive hazard assessment and protection of debris flows along Jinsha River close to the Wudongde dam site in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wen Zhang Hui-Zhong Li Jian-ping Chen Chen Zhang Li-ming Xu Wei-feng Sang 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(1):459-477
The occurrence of debris flows close to a hydropower dam not only threatens human lives and structures, but also affects the
stability of the dam. Therefore, hazard assessment and protection of debris flows close to the dam are particular and important.
In this paper, 3 S (Geographic Information System, Global Positioning System, and Remote Sensing) technologies are applied
to determine the characteristics of debris flows. Characteristics that can affect debris flow assessment are classified and
extracted. Based on the determined characteristics, the extension theory, which is used for solving incompatibility and contradiction
problems, is applied to hazard assessment. In this paper, the idea of self-protection is proposed for debris flow gully protection.
The prevention procedures are detailed, including filling of lower reaches and design of drainage works. 相似文献
18.
随着页岩油气勘探开发和相关领域研究的不断深入,细粒沉积物的搬运和沉积已成为当前沉积学研究的热点问题之一,但中国中生代湖泊环境中的泥质重力流沉积尚未引起应有的关注。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定等手段及综合研究,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世湖相泥质重力流沉积特征,探讨了其形成机制与成因分类。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组湖相泥页岩结构类型多样,发育泥质块体流沉积、泥质碎屑流沉积、泥质浊流沉积和泥质异重流沉积等多种重力流沉积类型。按照泥质含量将重力流划分为砂质重力流、泥质重力流和混合重力流3种亚类,并根据成因将重力流划分为滑塌体、碎屑流、浊流及异重流等4种亚类;结合成因和泥质含量,将重力流沉积共划分为12种类型。滑塌岩、碎屑岩分布于三角洲前缘斜坡脚附近;浊积岩、异重岩广泛分布于三角洲斜坡至沉积中心。认为泥质沉积物可以在强水动力条件下搬运-沉积;重力流沉积细粒物质在湖相沉积中占据很大的比例;泥质重力流对泥页岩中的碎屑物质、黏土矿物及有机质的搬运和沉积起到重要作用,因而对于页岩油气的生烃、储集性能和压裂工艺研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
Benjamin Dewals Sébastien Erpicum Sylvain Detrembleur Pierre Archambeau Michel Pirotton 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(3):917-939
A practical methodology has been developed for predicting flows generated by dam failures or malfunctions in a complex or
a series of dams. A twofold approach is followed. First, the waves induced in the downstream reservoirs are computed, as well
as hydrodynamic impacts induced on downstream dams and dikes are estimated. Second, the flood wave propagation and the inundation
process are simulated in the downstream valley, accounting for possible dam collapse or breaching in cascade. Two complementary
flow models are combined: a two-dimensional fully dynamic model and a simplified lumped model. At each stage, the methodology
provides guidelines to select the most appropriate model for efficiently computing the induced flows. Both models handle parametric
modeling of gradual dam breaching. The procedure also incorporates prediction of breach formation time and final width, as
well as sensitivity analysis to compensate for the high uncertainties remaining in the estimation of breach parameters. The
applicability of the modeling procedure is demonstrated for a case study involving a 70-m high-gravity concrete dam located
upstream of four other dams. 相似文献
20.
堰塞坝形成机理及稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
滑坡、崩塌和泥石流是形成堰塞坝的三种主要方式,其形成堰塞坝的条件非常复杂,涉及因素广泛。另一方面,堰塞坝完全堵江形成堰塞湖在世界各国山区广泛分布,时有发生,造成严重灾害。因此,有必要对堰塞坝形成机理及安全性状评估进行研究。本文主要针对滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和碎屑流形成堰塞坝机理进行介绍并探讨了堰塞坝的破坏机制。同时,通过渗透稳定性、抗滑稳定性和抗冲刷稳定性3个方面评估了堰塞坝稳定性分析,以期为堰塞湖的防治与治理提供科学依据。 相似文献