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1.
柴达木盆地天青石资源极为丰富,已发现有大风山、碱山、尖顶山等大型天青石矿床。通过元素分析、元素相关性分析、矿物组合分析等方法与手段,对柴达木盆地天青石矿区矿物特点及元素地球化学特征进行了研究。得到如下结论:大风山矿区以天青石—方解石—镁方解石矿物组合为主,矿物品位均值为59%;碱山矿区以天青石—文石矿物组合为主,矿物品位均值为39.6%;石膏、白云石在各矿区矿物均有分布,且含量较低。石膏与天青石成正相关关系,白云石的存在对天青石成矿来说是不利因素,铁白云石、文石和镁方解石的普遍存在可说明该区矿物成矿温度较高。Sr与S成正相关关系,证明Sr主要以天青石(硫酸锶)形式存在,锶与镁、钙成非线性关系,锶含量高则钙含量低,钙主要赋存在石膏中,而非方解石中。Sr/Ba比值、Sr/Cu比值分析表明该矿区经历过长期干旱的环境,Mg/Ca比值分析表明该区天青石成矿过程中微生物对其成矿作用起到了非常重要的作用。 相似文献
2.
An integrated data-directed numerical method has been developed to estimate the undiscovered mineral endowment within a given area. The method has been used to estimate the undiscovered uranium endowment in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A. The favorability of uranium concentration was evaluated in each of 2,068 cells defined within the Basin. Favorability was based on the correlated similarity of the geologic characteristics of each cell to the geologic characteristics of five area-related deposit models. Estimates of the undiscovered endowment for each cell were categorized according to deposit type, depth, and cutoff grade. The method can be applied to any mineral or energy commodity provided that the data collected reflect discovered endowment. 相似文献
3.
We investigated impacts of biocontrol of Tamarix spp. by Diorhabda carinulata on soil nitrogen (N) transformations by surveying organic and mineral soils from three sites. Potential net N mineralization was assayed using laboratory incubations. Results partially supported our hypothesis that herbivory would result in stimulated net N mineralization rates after one year of herbivory exposure, and did not support our hypothesis that herbivory would result in a sustained increase in rates after several years of exposure. Short-term effects differed by site, likely influenced by differences in prevailing soil N status, with net mineralization stimulated at a low fertility site but not at a high fertility site. In the longer-term, there was no impact on overall net N mineralization rates, even though there was a trend towards greater N immobilization in mineral soil. This may result from declining organic matter inputs to soil due to progressive growth limitations from herbivore-induced stress. Results suggest soil N availability will increase in the short-term and eventually decrease in the longer-term at low fertility sites, while soil N availability will not be impacted by herbivory at high fertility sites. Widespread management implications will require further research at sites spanning a range of edaphic characteristics. 相似文献
4.
在对塔里木河下游绿洲地表灌溉水和地下水水质特征及土壤盐分实测分析的基础上,探讨了地表水、地下水过程及其对土壤盐渍化的影响。结果显示：塔里木河下游绿洲灌区地表水矿化度与土壤表层0～50cm盐分含量呈显著正相关,与50～100cm土层含盐量相关性不显著;地下水埋深与土壤盐分含量密切相关,0～50cm表层土壤盐分含量随地下水埋深的增加而下降,其中0～20cm下降幅度最大。当地下水埋深较浅时,绿洲内土壤含盐量高,呈T型分布,盐分表聚性强,土壤盐分含量随土壤深度的增加呈下降趋势;当地下水埋深较深时,绿洲内土壤盐份呈菱形分布,中层土壤盐分高,且地下水矿化度和土壤盐分分布转折点均为6.0m。据此推断,6m是地下水盐分积聚和表层土壤盐分积累停止的临界地下水埋深。 相似文献
5.
陡坡钼矿床是一新发现的中型钼矿床,该矿床赋存于早白垩世灵山超单元岩体与围岩的接触带内侧,矿化类型主要为细脉浸染状。矿床中金属矿物主要为黄铜矿、辉钼矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿,次为磁黄铁矿、斑铜矿等。灵山超单元花岗岩岩石类型属高硅富碱钙碱性(偏碱性)系列,SiO2含量72～77%,K2O+Na2O总量大于7.9%,K2O/Na2O大于1。矿床的围岩蚀变叠加组合主要为硅化——钾长石化——黄铁矿化组合、硅化——绿泥石化——黄铁矿化组合。该矿床属中高温热液斑岩型钼矿床,结合岩浆岩特征,成矿作用于与岩体关系密切,并可能受幔源岩浆混合作用的影响。 相似文献
6.
为科学治理塔里木盆地西南缘灌区重度盐渍化,对其一处低洼农田水盐进行监测。结果显示：排除漫灌影响,7月初至11月初,农田地下水埋深呈单峰型,表现为监测前期缓慢上升,8月初达到最大值,后波动性降低;而地下水矿化度一直缓慢降低。0～60 cm土壤总盐量表现为单峰型,监测前期缓慢升高,8月达到最大值,后缓慢降低。相关分析表明,整个监测时期,农田地下水埋深、矿化度、0～60 cm总盐量均表现为正相关,且随着土壤深度的增加,总盐量与地下水埋深、矿化度的相关程度增大。 相似文献
7.
Exploring the spatial relationships between various geological features and mineralization is not only conducive to understanding the genesis of ore deposits but can also help to guide mineral exploration by providing predictive mineral maps. However, most current methods assume spatially constant determinants of mineralization and therefore have limited applicability to detecting possible spatially non-stationary relationships between the geological features and the mineralization. In this paper, the spatial variation between the distribution of mineralization and its determining factors is described for a case study in the Dingjiashan Pb–Zn deposit, China. A local regression modeling technique, geological weighted regression (GWR), was leveraged to study the spatial non-stationarity in the 3D geological space. First, ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression was applied, the redundancy and significance of the controlling factors were tested, and the spatial dependency in Zn and Pb ore grade measurements was confirmed. Second, GWR models with different kernel functions in 3D space were applied, and their results were compared to the OLS model. The results show a superior performance of GWR compared with OLS and a significant spatial non-stationarity in the determinants of ore grade. Third, a non-stationarity test was performed. The stationarity index and the Monte Carlo stationarity test demonstrate the non-stationarity of all the variables throughout the area. Finally, the influences of the degree of non-stationary of all controlling factors on mineralization are discussed. The existence of significant non-stationarity of mineral ore determinants in 3D space opens up an exciting avenue for research into the prediction of underground ore bodies. 相似文献
8.
对准噶尔盆地87件沙漠沙矿物分析结果进行了研究。通过对比各样区沙丘沙和丘间地下伏沙重矿物组合特征、矿物成分离散度和轻矿物组合中石英/长石比值,查明沙漠沙物源多样性主要表现是:各小区沙物质矿物组合特征因地而异;沙丘沙虽主要由下伏沙经风力改造而成,但二者的上述各参数存在着一定差异,风力"搀杂"的结果使前者比后者具有更广泛的物源。 相似文献
9.
Sediment cores from Chappice Lake, a hypersaline, groundwater-fed lake in southeastern Alberta, have been used in previous studies to reconstruct Holocene climate using lake levels as a source for proxy climate data. This assumes that the lake is fed by a shallow groundwater system sensitive to changes in climate. In this study we use the dynamics and chemistry of groundwater entering the lake to test this hypothesis.Groundwater inputs calculated from historical records using a simple water budget were highest during periods when the precipitation deficit was high. Over specific time intervals, the expected relationship between lake volumes and climate were not always found. Feedback loops between lake levels and groundwater input, and time lags within the system are the mechanisms proposed to explain these discrepancies.Field measurements suggest discharge of a local surficial groundwater system. Slug tests reveal a high conductivity system (K = 10-5 m/s) surrounding the lake. Hydraulic heads measured in standpipe, multilevel and minipiezometers installed around Chappice Lake show that the lake is situated in a closed hydraulic head contour. Hydraulic heads and water table elevations show strong annual fluctuations corresponding to seasonal changes in recharge. Horizontal hydraulic gradients measured in areas of groundwater springs indicate a strong horizontal component of flow towards the lake. Vertical hydraulic gradients are low and indicate the upward flow of water consistent with the discharge of a shallow, surfical groundwater system.Groundwater sampled from deposits surrounding Chappice Lake and springs feeding the lake have compositions similar to both shallow surficial aquifers and bedrock aquifers suggesting that the lake may be receiving inputs from both sources. However, evaporation simulations using PHRQPITZ, show that the evaporation of water typical of bedrock aquifers result in a mineral assemblage and brine composition different from that found at Chappice Lake. This suggests that discharge of a regional groundwater system can be eliminated as a dominant source over the lake's history. Evaporation simulations suggest that evaporation of groundwater from shallow surficial deposits can best explain the present mineral assemblage and brine chemistry and were likely the dominant source of water to the lake.Bedrock and shallow surficial groundwater sources have different chemistries and isotopic compositions. In hydrogeological settings such as Chappice Lake where more than one source may contribute to the lake, the relative importance of the different sources may change with changes in climate. If the source water composition to the lake changes, identifying changes in climate or hydrology based on changes in the composition of the lake preserved in sediment core will be made more difficult. This may complicate paleoclimate and paleohydrological reconstructions that rely on mineralogical and isotopic data. 相似文献
10.
This paper combines knowledge- and data-driven prospectivity mapping approaches by using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) spatial statistical technique to optimize the process of rescaling input datasets and the process of data integration when using a fuzzy logic prospectivity mapping method. The methodology is tested in an active mineral exploration terrain within the Paleoproterozoic Peräpohja Belt (PB) in the Northern Fennoscandian Shield, Finland. The PB comprises a greenschist to amphibolite facies, complexly deformed supracrustal sequence of variable quartzites, mafic volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic rocks, carbonate rocks, black shales, mica schists and graywackes. These formations were deposited on Archean basement and 2.44 Ga layered intrusions, during the multiple rifting of the Archean basement (2.44–1.92 Ga). Younger intrusive units in the PB comprise 2.20–2.13 Ga gabbroic sills or dikes and 1.98 Ga A-type granites. Metamorphism and complex deformation of the PB took place during the Svecofennian orogeny (1.9–1.8 Ga) and were followed by intrusions of post-orogenic granitoids (1.81–1.77 Ga). The recent mineral exploration activities have indicated several gold-bearing mineral occurrences within the PB. The Rompas Au-U mineralization is hosted within deformed and metamorphosed calc-silicate veins enclosed within mafic volcanic rocks and contains uranium-bearing zones without gold and very high-grade (>10,000 g/t Au) gold pockets with uraninite and uraninite-pyrobitumen nodules. In the vicinity of the Rompas, a magnesium skarn hosted disseminated-stockwork gold mineralization was also recognized at the Palokas-Rajapalot prospect. The exploration criteria translated into a fuzzy logic prospectivity model included data derived from regional till geochemistry (Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Au, Te, K), high-resolution airborne geophysics (magnetic field total intensity, electromagnetic, gamma radiation), ground gravity and regional bedrock map (structures). The current exploration licenses and exploration drilling sites for gold were used to validate the knowledge-driven mineral prospectivity model. 相似文献
11.
结合地理信息系统,运用地统计学方法研究石羊河下游民勤绿洲近15年来的地下水矿化度的时空变异规律及其与土地利用变化的关系。结果表明:(1)在1987年和2001年的两个时期地下水矿化度的实验变异函数值与理论变异函数拟合较好,F检验达到极显著水平;(2)地下水矿化度在4km以下小尺度上的随机变异SHR特别小,而在4～40km的中尺度上的结构性变异SHA达99.9%,可以认为研究区域内地下水矿化度在整个尺度上具有恒定的变异;(3)Kriging插值及其与同期的绿洲景观类型图进行叠加运算表明,在变化趋势上,除坝区东南部略有下降外,整个绿洲地下水矿化度都增大,北部湖区最显著;在变化面积上,地下水矿化度在3.0g/L以下的面积从1987年的75.26%降到了2001年的58.54%;而其>4.5g/L的绿洲主要集中在湖区。地下水矿化度较低区域的耕地面积减少,而地下水矿化度3.0g/L以上的耕地面积从7.03%增加到了14.32%,特别是湖区,地下水的矿化已严重威胁到了耕地的存在。 相似文献
12.
根据对长江三峡阶地堆积物进行的野外调查与室内分析发现三峡阶地的成因具有以下特点:构成阶地上部的河漫滩相堆积、中部的冲积砾石层与作为阶地基座的基岩平台是在不同时期形成的;阶地上部河漫滩相堆积是在中全新世气候温暖、长江三峡高水位条件下形成的.因此,长江三峡阶地是在构造上升的基础上由于气候及长江三峡流量及水位变化而形成的,并非一定是间歇性构造上升的标志. 相似文献
13.
Due to growing consumption of nickel (Ni) in a range of industries, the demand for Ni has increased rapidly around the world.
This trend requires a more precise estimation of available Ni grade deposits and an identification of factors controlling
the grade distribution. To achieve these requirements, this study applies geostatistical techniques to spatial modeling of
the Ni grade in a laterite Ni deposit, with reference to geomorphic features such as slope gradient and the thickness of limonite
and saprolite zones. The Sorowako area in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, was chosen as a case study area because it has a representative
laterite Ni deposit with large reserves. Chemical content data from drillhole cores at 294 points were used for the analysis.
The slope gradient was found to have a remarkable correlation with the thickness of the limonite zone, but there was no correlation
between the thickness of the limonite and the saprolite zones above the bedrock. One important feature was a general correlation
between the thickness of the saprolite zone and the maximum Ni grade in this zone: the grade increases with the thickness
of the zone. Co-kriging was adopted to incorporate this correlation into estimating the maximum Ni grade in the saprolite
zone. As a result, the maximum Ni grade in the saprolite zone tends to be high mainly in areas of slight slope. The Ni accumulation
at this topographic feature probably originates from deep weathering by groundwater infiltrating through well-developed rock
fractures. 相似文献
14.
以巴尔喀什-准噶尔成矿带为研究区域,分析中亚大型矿集区成矿地质条件,结合地质矿产、地球物理、地球化学和信息科学等信息数据及野外调查成果,选择2个典型矿床,从构造域、沉积域、火成岩、重力与航磁等特征,构建数据驱动与知识驱动的时空坐标,以铜矿为主要矿床类型,以中比例尺为主要研究尺度,建立多元信息综合识别组合标志,结合空间数据分析技术,以ArcGIS为平台,集成相关的各种信息,建立中亚跨境成矿带铜矿床提取技术及成矿预测体系,将各单要素类计算结果与已有矿床的整合产生新的要素类,利用空间分析模型进行计算,将研究区分为潜在高聚区、潜在聚集区、高预测区、预测区和未定区5个类别,形成不同的预测分类集合,得到整个研究区的预测结果,通过实地验证分析,预测结果得出新疆两处潜在聚集区,其中伊犁地区的潜在聚集区有阿希金矿验证;天山北坡的潜在聚集区主要在依连哈比尔尕山北坡,基本与实地情况符合。通过理论研究到技术方法的实现,为境内寻找铜矿床提供了启示。 相似文献
15.
内蒙古呼伦贝尔东明露天煤矿矿坑边帮地下水渗漏的问题日益严重,矿区原有的疏干降水井排水能力及效果已不能满足生产需求,同时对矿区生态环境也造成一定程度破坏。目前,对矿区周边的水文地质条件和水力联系缺乏精准全面的认识和数据。本文通过瞬变电磁法对矿区地下水渗漏较严重的西北部进行三条勘探线(77个物理点)勘查,结果表明该区存在三处视电阻率低阻异常带,判定其主要为含水断层(裂隙)所致;结合矿区地形、地层岩性与矿区地下水矿化度,对上述异常带进行了科学合理的综合解释,并结合新施工的疏干降水井抽水验证了上述异常的可靠性,为矿区后期布置疏干降水井圈定了靶区,对当地同类型矿区地下水渗漏灾害治理起到了应用示范作用。 相似文献
16.
In this study, deposit- and district-scale three-dimensional (3D) fault-and-intrusion structure models were constructed, based on which a numerical simulation was implemented in the Jiaojia gold district, China. The numerical simulation of the models shows the basic metallogenic path and trap of the gold deposits using mineral system theory. The objective of this study was to delineate the uncertainty of the geometry or buffer zones of the ore-forming and ore-controlling fault-and-intrusion domains in 3D environment representing the exploration criteria extraction and the gold potential targeting in the study area. The fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions was used as the platform to define the stress deformation fracture ore storage and the hydrothermal seepage channel zone based on the gold deposit features and metallogenic model in the study area. The validity of the numerical simulation was verified by comparing it with robust 3D geological models of the large Xincheng gold deposit. The potential targeting zones are analyzed for uncertainty and then evaluated by Boolean operation in a 3D geological model using the computer-aided design platform. The research results are summarized as follows. (1) In the pre-mineralization period, the Jiaodong fault’s left lateral movement created the Jiaojia network faults and formed a fracture zone with NW- to NNW-trending dips of 20° to 40°. (2) During the mineralization period, hydrothermal flow was associated with the intrusion geometry and features. However, it was constrained by the Jiaojia fault, which blocked the vadose flow into the upper wall rock and made the hydrothermal route close to the fault in the footwall fracture zones. (3) Three gold potential targets were identified by the numerical simulation results in the study area: the NW-trending Sizhuang gold deposit, the NW-trending zone of Jiaojia gold deposit, and the NE-trending zone of the Xincheng gold deposit. (4) The numerical simulation results show the fault-and-intrusion metallogenic domain and the hydrothermal alteration zones, which reflect the main ore-controlling and ore-forming factors of mineralization. The information obtained through the numerical simulation discussed here can be used to define exploration criteria in the study area. 相似文献
17.
氮矿化作用是影响沙质草地植物群落物种组成和初级生产力的重要因素之一。温度和水分被认为是影响土壤氮矿化/硝化作用的两个关键环境因子,认识沙质草地土壤氮矿化作用对温度和水分的响应,对于预测全球变化对沙质草地生态系统结构和功能的影响具有重要作用。本文通过测定开顶式生长室（OTC）内不同湿度条件下增温时沙质草地净氨化速率、净硝化速率和净矿化速率的变化,分析增温和湿度变化对土壤氮矿化作用的影响。结果表明:不论增温与否,沙质草地土壤净氨化速率、净硝化速率和净矿化速率随着土壤湿度增加而明显提高。土壤净氨化速率在土壤湿度为15.2%时最大,但是净硝化速率和净矿化速率在土壤湿度为11.8%时最大,土壤湿度达到时15.2%表现下降趋势。增温使沙质草地土壤氮矿化作用发生显著变化,但增温的效应与土壤湿度存在一定的关联。土壤湿度为3.4%、5.1%、8.5%时,增温处理使土壤净氨化速率较对照明显提高;但是土壤湿度为11.8%、15.2%时,增温处理时土壤净氨化速率较对照显著降低;土壤湿度为8.5%和11.8%时,增温使土壤净硝化速率和净矿化速率显著升高（p<0.05）,在湿度为1.7%、3.4%、5.1%以及15.2%时,增温处理和对照之间的净硝化速率、净矿化速率无显著差异。这说明只有在适宜的土壤湿度条件下,增温才显著影响沙质草地土壤矿化作用,当土壤湿度处于相对干旱或过度湿润的状态下,增温对沙质草地土壤矿化作用没有显著影响。 相似文献
18.
利用顶盖埋管原位培育法测定了科尔沁沙地不同生境（丘间低地、固定、半固定、半流动和流动沙丘）土壤氮素矿化/硝化速率的月际动态及净矿化/硝化量。结果表明：①沙地土壤无机氮主要以NO -3-N的形式存在,各类生境土壤NH +4-N平均含量比NO -3-N低58.2%~79.7%;②土壤氮素矿化/硝化速率随植被与土壤条件的恶化呈现递减的趋势,从丘间低地到流动沙丘,净矿化速率分别为61.0、43.4、29.1、5.3 mg·m -2·d -1和2.7 mg·m -2·d -1,净硝化速率分别为61.8、46.2、30.1、6.2 mg·m -2·d -1和3.4 mg·m-2·d-1;③从丘间低地到固定、半固定、半流动和流动沙丘,矿化氮总量分别减少28.8%、52.3%、91.4%和95.5%,硝化总量分别减少25.3%、51.3%、90.0%和94.5%;④不同类型生境土壤净硝化氮占净矿化氮的比例都为100%,表明沙地土壤中植物可利用氮素易于淋溶或氨挥发损失。 相似文献
19.
老道沟铜多金属矿床产于燕山早期闪长岩侵入体之中,为受断裂控制的蚀变破碎带-石英脉复合型矿床。矿区成矿早期以铜矿化为主,晚阶段以铅、锌和银成矿为主。流体包裹体研究结果表明,成矿早、晚阶段石英中均主要发育气-液两相流体包裹体,包裹体均一温度变化范围分别为226.9℃～298.5℃及179.3℃～265.4℃,盐度分别为5.26%～9.47%NaCl和2.57%～6.30%NaCl,表明成矿流体总体属中-低温、较低盐度热液体系,主要来源于岩浆热液及大气降水。根据矿化特征及流体包裹体研究结果综合分析认为该矿床属中-低温热液成因类型。 相似文献
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根据野外实地考察、地下水采样和分析数据, 从空间尺度上, 讨论了额济纳三角洲地下水水盐的变化特征及其与植被生长的关系。研究结果表明, 额济纳三角洲矿化度总体由西南向东北升高, 东河SO 42-浓度下降, 其他离子增加, 西河离子浓度都呈上升趋势, 河道剖面表现先上升后下降的水盐特征; 终端湖盆为本区高矿化度地区; 地下水水盐条件制约植被分布、生存和演替, 各种植被类型适应不同的地下水位和盐分特征。 相似文献
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