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1.
ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＯＦＴＨＥＡＱＵＡＴＩＣＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＯＵＮＴＥＲＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＳＩＮＲＡＰＩＤＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＩＮＴＨＥＺＨＵＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡ￥ＷｅｎＹａｎｍａｏ（温琰茂）；ＣｈｅｎｇＧｕｏｐｅｉ... 相似文献
2.
A study on quality of aquatic environment in Tumen River Area 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＱＵＡＬＩＴＹＯＦＡＱＵＡＴＩＣＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＩＮＴＵＭＥＮＲＩＶＥＲＡＲＥＡ①ＺｈｕＹａｎｍｉｎｇ（朱颜明）ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,... 相似文献
3.
After the survey of pollution sources, a study on surface water quality assessment and forecast is given by means of grey
system method, fuzzy mathematical method and multiple-index method. Based on it, aquatic environment quality features, treatment
measures and environmental strategies of the area are proposed. The quality of aquatic environment of 5 rivers in the Tumen
River area is studied. The results show that the pollution of surface water is serious; water quality of most rivers is between
grade IV and V except the Hunchun River, being higher than grade IV standard; pollution levels of most rivers have been basically
controlled except the of Burhatong River, which is deteriorating gradually. Pollutants of the rivers are comparatively regular,
mainly are SS, COD, BOD, AR-OH, NH3-N. The main pollution trades are chemical fibre industry, pulp and paper making industry and mining industry. If the growth
rate of gross industrial product is higher than 25 percent under the encouraging-model of regional exploitation, the pollutants’
load will overtake the bearing capacity of aquatic environment. Thus some protection program against pollution must be worked
out in order to achieve the harmonious development of economy society and environment.
A project from “Studies on Earlier Stage of Regional Development” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 相似文献
4.
１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｅｖｅｒｅｗａｔｅｒｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｗｏｋｅｙｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｒｅａｌｉｚｅｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｔｅ... 相似文献
5.
ON REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RIVER WATER ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY AND STRATEGIES TO CONTROL WATER ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ＯＮＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＩＶＥＲＷＡＴＥＲＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＣＡＰＡＣＩＴＹＡＮＤＳＴＲＡＴＥＧＩＥＳＴＯＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＷＡＴＥＲＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＷａｎｇＨｕａｄｏｎｇ（王华... 相似文献
6.
兖州煤田是我国重要的煤炭能源基地之一,区内煤炭资源丰富,煤质优良,煤炭资源的大规模开发极大地促进了鲁南地区乃至全省经济的快速发展,但也产生了一系列负面影响如地面塌陷、地裂缝、水环境污染、水源地破坏等地质环境问题。兖州煤田分布区地处汶泗河冲积扇地下水富水区,是农村经济发达、人口密集分布区。煤炭开采规模的不断扩大,使得周边地下水和土壤环境造成了严重污染,部分地区村镇饮用水水质已成为制约其生产发展和生活改善的难题。通过兖州煤田村镇饮用水水质调查分析,掌握区内村镇饮用水水质状况和地域分布,提出保证村镇饮用水水质安全和水源地保护的措施与建议,对于改善煤田居民饮水与健康状况,提高生活质量,构建和谐社会具有重要现实意义。 相似文献
7.
Industrial and agricultural effects on water environment and its optimization in heavily polluted area in Taihu Lake Basin, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcGIS spatial analysis, including geomorphologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spatial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment. 相似文献
8.
Assessment of point and nonpoint sources pollution in Songhua River Basin,Northeast China by using revised water quality model 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Individual participation of pollutants in the pollution load should be estimated even if roughly for the appropriate environmental management of a river basin. It is difficult to identify the sources and to quantify the load, especially in modeling nonpoint source. In this study a revised model was established by integrating point and nonpoint sources into one-dimensional Streeter-Phelps (S-P) model on the basis of real-time hydrologic data and surface water quality monitoring data in the Jilin Reach of the Songhua River Basin. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH_3-N) loads were estimated. Results showed that COD loads of point source and nonpoint source were 134 958 t/yr and 86 209 t/yr, accounting for 61.02% and 38.98% of total loads, respectively. NH_3-N loads of point source and nonpoint source were 16 739 t/yr and 14 272 t/yr, accounting for 53.98% and 46.02%, respectively. Point source pollution was stronger than nonpoint source pollution in the study area at present. The water quality of upstream was better than that of downstream of the rivers and cities. It is indispensable to treat industrial wastewater and municipal sewage out of point sources, to adopt the best management practices to control diffuse pollutants from agricultural land and urban surface runoff in improving water quality of the Songhua River Basin. The revised S-P model can be successfully used to identify pollution source and quantify point source and nonpoint source loads by calibrating and validating. 相似文献
9.
节能降耗,任重道远——漫长的循环经济之路 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈述彭 《地球信息科学学报》2008,10(4):411-418
"十五"期间,我国国民经济保持高速增长,但是,高能耗、高物耗、污染重的粗放经济增长方式没有得到根本转变。在工业领域,能源消费超常规增长,能源结构仍然以煤炭为主,能源消耗量大,污染物排放量大。而生态农业建设虽然部分地缓解了农村经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾,但其只是在低层次上实现了物质能量的循环,废弃物利用率较低,有机农业发展缓慢。如果继续沿袭传统的以资源的大量消耗为代价实现工农业现代化的发展模式,是难以持续的。为了减轻经济增长对资源供给的压力,必须大力发展循环经济,实现资源的高效利用和循环利用。本文从六个方面分析了目前我国发展循环经济的主要措施、存在的问题及解决的途径:加强对太阳能的利用,重视多晶硅规模生产技术的自主研发;发展风力发电,培育风电设备制造产业;利用秸秆发电,发展可部分替代传统化石能源的生物质能源;推动以节能、节地、节水、节材和环保为核心的绿色建筑技术发展;节水与集雨;加强土壤污染监测与防治,通过人工方法修复天然的生态系统。通过分析,作者认为,发展循环经济是缓解资源约束矛盾、节能降耗的根本出路,在我国任重而道远。 相似文献
10.
随着招远市社会经济的发展,人类对环境质量的要求越来越高,人类工程活动对土壤造成的污染问题也逐渐显露,加强土壤环境管理是我国环境保护的一项基础性工作,具有十分重要的意义。为查明界河流域地下水及土壤现状,在界河流域自上游到下游布设监测点位,共取水质分析样品66组和土壤样品19组进行化验,分析了地下水和土壤污染监测数据,总结了招远界河流域的水土污染特征,认为界河上游和中游流域土壤以有机污染为主,下游土壤污染为重金属污染,部分区域叠加有机污染形成复合污染,主要重金属成分为镉、砷、汞。结合环境工程领域的环境修复技术,提出了适宜的水土修复方案,为招远市环境修复提出可行性建议。 相似文献
11.
Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-Nestos Transboundary River Basin （Bulgaria-Greece） 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
K. Grunewald J. Scheithauer J.-M. Monger N. Nikolova 《山地科学学报》2007,4(3):209-220
The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation,drinking water production,diversions for industrial water,and risk of pollution from mining,to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Ele?nica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for the future. It will mean an increase in water usage and more stress for the water resources if regional impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future. 相似文献
12.
Non-point source(NPS) pollution is considered to be one of the main threats of the aquatic environment. Mountainous regions are particularly important water sources for urban areas. The various driving factors of NPS pollution such as terrain, precipitation, and vegetation type in mountainous regions show clear spatial heterogeneity. Consequently, the management systems required for NPS pollution in mountainous regions are complex. In this study, we developed a framework to estimate and map the treatment costs for NPS pollution in mountainous regions and applied this method in Baoxing County, a typical mountainous county in Sichuan Province of southwest China. The export levels of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in Baoxing County were estimated using the water purification model in InVEST(Itegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) tool. NPS pollutant treatment costs were calculated based on the level of pollutants exports, water yield, water quality targets, and treatment costs of NPS pollutants per unit mass. The results show that at the watershed level the amounts of TN and TP exported in Baoxing County were below threshold limits. However, at the sub-watershed level, TN and TP excesses of 291.64 and 2.96 tons per year were found, respectively, with mean TN and TP treatment costs of 6.58 US$/hm~2 and 0.35 US$/hm~2. Appraising pollution treatment cost intuitively reflects the overall expenditure in NPS pollution reduction from an economic perspective. This study provides a foundation for the implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Service(PES) and the prevention and control of NPS pollution. 相似文献
13.
YANG Gui-shan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2000,10(2):97-104
TheChangiiangRiverisrichinfreshwaterandwaterpowerresources,themeanrunoffandwaterpoweroftheriverareabout37%and52%respectivelyoftotalonesofChina.Inaddition,theChanaiiangRiverhastheimmensenavigationpotentialandvaluableshorelineresources,thenavigablelengthreaches364okmandtheallshorelinelengthisabout6OOokmfromYihinCitytotheestuary.Moreover,theChangiiangRiver,withtheadvantagesofsuitablelocationandbroadhinterland,crossesEast,MiddleandWestEco-nomicZonewithdifferenteconomiclevelsofChina,soitsuniq… 相似文献
14.
以典型纳污坑塘(污水库)周边地下水水质监测数据为基础,在对区内地下水污染源进行分析的基础上,采用水环境健康风险评估模型,对区内地下水污染健康风险进行了系统评价研究.污染来源识别结果表明:纳污坑塘周边第Ⅰ、第Ⅱ含水层地下水污染严重,其污染源主要为坑塘内堆放的工业污水以及工业废渣.污染健康风险评估结果表明:8号坑附近第Ⅰ含水层中砷浓度以及北库南侧第Ⅱ含水层中1,2-二氯乙烷总致癌风险分别为10-2、10-3数量级,远超可接受风险水平10-6.不同含水层中污染物平均致癌风险大小关系为,第Ⅰ含水层:砷>1,2-二氯乙烷;第Ⅱ含水层:1,2-二氯乙烷>砷>1,1,2-三氯乙烷>四氯化碳.1,2-二氯乙烷等挥发性有机污染物4种潜在暴露途径的平均致癌风险大小关系表现为:饮用地下水>皮肤接触地下水>经室外吸入空气中气态污染物>经室内吸入空气气态污染物.相对于敏感用地,非敏感用地污染物的总致癌风险以及危害商较低. 相似文献
15.
16.
本文较为系统地分析了卫星红外遥感技术在我国秸秆焚烧、沙尘、气溶胶、颗粒物、灰霾等大气环境遥感监测,水华、水质参数、水表温度、热污染、核电厂温排水等水环境遥感监测,以及土壤含水量、地表温度、干旱、城市热岛效应等生态环境遥感监测的应用。同时,指出目前国产卫星红外载荷业务化应用程度不高、辐射定标能力不足、应用反演算法原创性不强、地面观测和试验验证能力不足等问题;并提出需大力发展国产红外传感器、提高辐射定标能力、发展国内原创监测算法、建设大型环保应用综合试验场等建议,以促进红外遥感技术在环境保护领域的应用和发展。 相似文献
17.
A regional multiple-objective water-resource and economic optimization model was developed using a quantitative method of systematic analysis.Input to the model includes indexes of economic structure and development,water-resource utilization,wastewater and pollutant discharge,and investment in wastewater treatment.The model,which consists of producton-structure and industrial-structure optimization modules,was applied to the Guanzhong region in the middle reaches of the Huanghe(Yellow) River basin in China.By evaluating several alternative production and industrialization schemes,the modal indicate that water pollution will get worsen though wastewater treatment improves if the economy continues to develop at the planned speed without structural adjustment.However,the results also show that not only economic goals but also water-resource protection and pollution-control targets can be achieved under an alternative,recommended production and industrial structure.This example illustrates that economic development and environmental protection can be improved coordinately by the regional multiple-objective water-resource and economic optimization model.It provides an operable approach to the simultaneous sustained development of water resources and economic growth. 相似文献
18.
红海湾水产养殖示范区水质综合评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
红海湾是广东省非常重要的海水养殖示范区。为了维系和保护红海湾规模化水产养殖示范区的优良生态环境 ,1 997年 4月至 1 998年 1 2月对红海湾水域水质的时空变化趋势和质量状况进行了研究与评价。结果表明 ,红海湾海水综合质量总体上处于相对清洁水平 ,但浅海养殖区和长沙湾养殖区有机污染明显 ,分别达富营养化和高富营养化程度。DIN和IP是水质富营养化的主要因素 ,而石油类、Cu、COD是重点控制的优先污染物。 相似文献
19.
水资源是人类赖以生存的不可替代的物质基础,在全球经济和社会可持续发展过程中占有相当重要的地位。近年来,随着工业和农业的快速发展以及城镇人口的快速增长,随之而来的石油类污染、纺织印染污染、城市垃圾和生产生活污水的不合理处置以及农业生产农药、化肥的大量使用,造成本来有限的地下水污染状况日趋加重。以20世纪80年代时期地下水水质测试资料为背景,利用2015年以及近年来取得的大量水质测试资料,采用"污染指数法",对山东省滨州市进行区域地下水污染综合评价。研究表明:滨州市地下水无机污染以硝酸根、亚硝酸根、氯化物和硫酸盐为主,有机污染以二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯、三氯甲烷为主。相比而言黄河以北地区因地下水水位埋藏较浅,包气带岩性以砂岩为主,而且化工和皮革鞣质加工企业较多,因此受到有机污染危害更大一些。 相似文献
20.
Kaizhong Yang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1999,9(1):12-19
In China, systematic studies on economic base of a single city are very weak. Based on the 1990 census and relevant statistics
during 1990 – 1994, a comparative study is conducted on Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. The major conclusions are as follows:
(1) Beijing is not only the national political and cultural center, but also the national economic center, viz the commercial
service center and the low water-consuming, light polluting, external economy-typed and knowledge-intensive manufacturing
industrial center, which is appropriate for Beijing’s comparative advantage. (2) The high water-consuming, heavy polluting
and regional market-oriented industry is overdeveloped as far as Beijing’s scarce water and other natural resources are concerned.
(3) Beijing’s industrial base is smaller, more regional market-based, and the service base is more diverse, larger and more
national market-based than Shanghai’s and Tianjin’s. (4) With the development of socialist market economy and implement of
sustainable development strategy, the external economy-typed and knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry with lower input
of water and less environmental pollution, and information-intensive service industries will centralize further, and the industry
with higher input of water and/or severe environmental pollution will decentralize. 相似文献