共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Paulo Raposo 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):299-300
AbstractThe internet provides almost unlimited opportunities for accessing information and on-line services. The government of Canada is restructuring its services to take advantage of this medium. While web-based distribution of visual maps has been a reality for several years, production of maps for people with special needs poses new challenges, as additional accessibility requirements have to be met. This paper shares the Canadian experience of developing accessible tactile and audio-tactile maps for blind and partially sighted people. 'Government On-Line' involves partnerships between government departments to develop a portal specifically tailored to providing information and services for people with disabilities, their families, care givers and service providers. The Mapping for Visually Impaired Web site is an integral part of this broader initiative providing tactile maps for education, mobility training, transportation and tourism. Additionally a Web-4-All project will facilitate learning about Canada's geography and improve mobility options for blind and partially sighted people. 相似文献
2.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):51-52
AbstractThis paper shows an experiment with tactile maps designed for visually impaired persons. Tests were carried out on a tactile map produced with 3D printing and including a new type of tactile symbols, volumetric symbols (3D). These symbols are localized faster than conventional flat relief symbols, with the same error rate, an improvement in the use of these tactile devices. Moreover, following tests, differences were found between types of participants with blind participants generally carrying out the proposed tasks better than the rest of users. 相似文献
3.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):136-145
AbstractTo enhance the variety of map symbols and to develop new symbol types, a fundamental understanding of the map symbol construction process is mandatory. Current construction theories focus on diagrams without taking georeferencing or interactivity into account. This paper presents a new methodology for the creation of two-dimensional geometric symbols and diagrams for the application in thematic maps. In this context, 49 diagrams found in cartographic literature were analysed and classified regarding their construction properties. As a result of this research, diagrams can be defined using cartographic primitives which are arranged according to six arrangement principles. Since the variation of the primitive's size according to the data values follows a certain geometric direction, each diagram can be explicitly defined based on the three construction properties 'primitive', 'arrangement principle' and 'data direction'. 相似文献
4.
Hyunhee Park 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):92-93
Abstract
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none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):277-282
AbstractThis paper presents a successful approach to learning tactile map skills in the field. During a three-phase project, visually impaired primary school children explored a route between a field studies centre and the village church. The first stage involved using non-visual senses to discover specific landmarks and the character of the parkland surroundings. Secondly, the children made their own tactile sketch maps of the route, and discussed the choice of symbols for a vacuum formed tactile map of the study area. Finally, a more detailed exploration of the route was accomplished with the help of a tactile map that set the path in the context of its surroundings. 相似文献
7.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):288-291
AbstractThis short paper describes an inexpensive method for making topographic maps to support visually impaired students. The maps are mainly for courses in geology and ecology, but maps for walking and other recreational purposes have also been produced. The method is not well suited to reproduction of multiple copies, but work is continuing to investigate replication. The paper also considers the choice of materials, scale (including vertical exaggeration) and optimum methods of labelling to meet the needs of both blind and partially sighted students. The project concentrates on making tactile maps affordable, and shows that these can be effective despite using simple tools and techniques from low cost (sometimes free, scrap) material. 相似文献
8.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):195-198
AbstractBuilding on past research into the efficacy of symbols on tactile maps an attempt is made to synthesise the findings of investigations into tactile mapping. Conclusions regarding the most readable symbols, point, line and area, are given. 相似文献
9.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):259-263
AbstractThis paper reports the findings of an international survey that collected data on production methods, techniques, outputs and design preferences among tactile map producers, designers and researchers worldwide. A number of consistencies and inconsistencies are identified and we speculate on the extent to which the current state of tactile map production is likely to meet the needs of the client population. We describe the sample on which the report is based, the output in terms of quantity of maps produced, choice of production method, types of environment mapped and intended uses of maps. We also focus on issues of map design, such as the choice of map size and format, and choice of symbols. 相似文献
10.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):165-170
AbstractSince the emergence of newly independent states from the former Soviet Union, there has been a much more liberal approach to the publication of maps. Types and scales of maps which had formerly only been available to the military or planners are now being freely sold to the general public and to foreigners. Freed from the straitjacket of military requirements and censorship, a number of the former Soviet republics are also producing a much wider range of map types. This paper explores both the types of maps produced in the former Soviet republics and those being produced under the new, sometimes more liberal regimes. 相似文献
11.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):152-154
AbstractOne goal of cartographic research is to improve the usefulness of maps. To do so, we must consider the process of spatial knowledge acquisition, the role of maps in that process, and the content of cognitive representations derived. Research from psychology, geography, and other disciplines related to these issues is reviewed. This review is used to suggest potential new directions for research with particular attention to spatial problem solving and geographic instruction. A classroom experiment related to these issues is then described. The experiment highlights some of the implications that a concern for the process of spatial knowledge acquisition will have on questions and methods of cartographic research as well as on the use of maps in geographic instruction. It also provides evidence of independent but interrelated verbal and spatial components of regional images that can be altered by directed map work. 相似文献
12.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):330-350
Abstracttitle/>Chorematic diagrams are prospective candidates for communicating highly generalised geographic information about a given region of interest. Chorematic diagrams were popularized in France as the graphical artefacts of a specific school of geographic thought established by Roger Brunet, with GIP-RECLUS as his institutional backing. Although many maps were created and a lively debate ensued, only few consolidated cartographic findings were generated and even less were made known to the international scientific community. This article presents a contextualizing review and proposes a cartographic taxonomy aimed at being a first step towards efforts for the automated generation of chorematic diagrams. 相似文献
13.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):71-75
AbstractThere are numerous computer programs to produce choropleth maps and some work has also been published on the use of a grid matrix as a way of dividing an area into discrete units. The purpose of this paper is to combine the two approaches and evaluate the suitability of using a network of grid cells, each containing a representative value of the variable being mapped, as a way of producing choropleth maps on a computer. 相似文献
14.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):255-258
AbstractThe paper presents an overview the development of techniques in and uses of tactile mapping2 through the last fifty or so years. It provides both a background for the other papers in this issue,3 and an account of the current state of the art. It notes that cartography has almost as much to learn from tactile cartography as vice versa, and suggests possible routes and areas for future developments in tactile mapping and the education and care of blind and visually impaired people. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACTSocial, economic, and environmental statistical data associated with geographic points are currently globally available in large amounts. When conventional thematic maps, such as proportional symbol maps or point diagram maps, are used to represent these data, the maps appear cluttered if the point data volumes are relatively large or cover a relatively dense region. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new type of thematic map for statistical data associated with geographic points: the point grid map. In a point grid map, an input point data set is transformed into a grid in which each point is represented by a square grid cell of equal size while preserving the relative position of each point, which leads to a clear and uncluttered appearance, and the grid cells can be shaded or patterned with symbols or diagrams according to the attributes of the points. We present an algorithm to construct a point grid map and test it with several simulated and real data sets. Furthermore, we present some variants of the point grid map. 相似文献
16.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):70-76
AbstractCartographers have always been concerned about the appearance of maps and how the display marries form with function. An appreciation of map design and the aesthetic underpins our fascination with how each and every mark works to create a display with a specific purpose. Yet debates about what constitutes design and what value it has in map-making persist. This is particularly acute in the modern map-making era as new tools, technology, data and approaches make map-making a simpler process in some respects, yet make designing high-quality maps difficult to master in others. In the first part of a two-part paper, we explore what we mean by map design and how we might evaluate it and apply it in a practical sense. We consider the value of aesthetics and also discuss the role of art in cartography taking account of some recent debates that we feel bring meaning to how we think about design. Our intent here is to reassert some of the key ideas about map design in cartography and to provide a reference for the second part of the paper where we present the results of a survey of cartographers. The survey was used to identify a collection of maps that exhibit excellence in design which we will showcase as examplars. 相似文献
17.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):145-153
Despite the generally poor graphic-arts quality of the resulting maps, computer-mapping programs using the line-printer for display will probably retain their importance for producing automated rough-copy maps. These programs utilize the almost universally available printers or typewriter terminals. Plotters, cathode ray tubes, and COM units can usually produce maps with more pleasing designs, but the cost of these peripherals is often prohibitive for agencies with relatively small budgets. This paper describes several procedures for increasing the efficiency of line-printer choroplethic mapping when the same areal units are to be used for many maps in a series. The most significant of these modifications to Scripter's CMAP program is a method for storing the geographic base-map data within the program itself, thereby reducing both the number of cards that must be handled by the user and the computer-usage costs. Flow diagrams and a sample subprogram are presented and explained in order to assist the user in making these alterations. 相似文献
18.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):3-4
AbstractThis paper describes the conservation of the first edition of the six-inches-to-one-mile Ordnance Survey maps of Ireland. It outlines the general problem of the acidity of paper on which nineteenth-century Ordnance Survey maps are printed and the peculiar problems of conserving a hand-coloured presentation set. Each stage in the process is described up to the final encapsulation of the maps in Melinex polyester film. 相似文献
19.
《测量评论》2013,45(9):177-178
AbstractIn spite of the world depression, the effects of which are now being severely felt in this Territory, the Departmental activities were almost a record in regard to output. Not only were applications for land in excess of previous years, but the issue of deeds, the surveys of farms and plots, the work on mineral areas, and the preparation and issue of maps, plans, and diagrams were well above previous years. 相似文献
20.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):16-22
AbstractThis account of exploratory mapping is provided by a surveyor who started his working life as an explorer in areas where existing maps were extremely rough and rudimentary. Although the methods and results it describes will not stand comparison with modern topographical maps compiled from vertical air photographs, this frank and objective appraisal will help the 'chair-borne' cartographer to understand the importance of a thorough evaluation of some material of that type and age, which is still sometimes the best available until the new air surveys replace it. 相似文献