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1.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):84-90
AbstractThe communication approach advocated by cartographers during the past decade appears to have provided direction but no route to improvement of the product. Much of the research in this area appears almost aimless and considerable danger is foreseen in that if a path is not quickly established and maintained the purpose of cartographic research will be lost behind ill conceived forays into 'no man's land'. The map is considered within this article as primarily a 'total product' and interdependence between its various elements seen as its strength. The current obsession with component parts detached from their operating environment appears to provide nothing of use to the manufacturer. This paper certainly is not presented as either a research or review article, but rather as a contemplative essay in which the above topics are examined and comparisons made between the cartographic and other manufacturing industries. 相似文献
2.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):141-150
Animation is an important method of communicating information that lends itself to cartographic display. Cartographers may be delinquent in their utilization of this technique. Meteorologists, medical researchers, and physical scientists, employing mini-, mainframe, and supercomputers, are creating today's most sophisticated animated maps and continue to develop high-quality systems for data display. Though today's cartographers are concerned with the geometric accuracy and computer automation of their map products, they may be overlooking current developments in spatiotemporal display within other disciplines. Creating a method to bridge the current animation gap between cartography and these disciplines has been the primary goal of this research. Since personal computers are the platforms most commonly available to cartographers, development of animated cartographic displays is feasible with this technology. As a result of this research, an interactive microcomputer-based animated map of U.S. surface temperatures was designed to help understand the rapid climatic change occurring during the 20th century. 相似文献
3.
Ian Muehlenhaus 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(5):401-414
Persuasive maps are ubiquitous in society, yet cartographers have largely neglected to conduct serious, holistic research on them. Persuasive maps represent a form of visual communication that differs markedly from scientific geovisualization. First, many of these maps' communicative goals are anathema to those of scientific representation. Second, many persuasive maps ignore and defy established cartographic conventions. This article argues two things. First, the cartographic discipline can gain insight about how maps communicate information from the longitudinal and holistic analysis of persuasive maps. By comparing the differences and similarities of persuasive maps to scientific geovisualizations, researchers can begin to understand how persuasive maps communicate differently than scientific ones. Second, breaking persuasive maps down into composite parts may make it possible to identify persuasive map norms (i.e., methods of design that are embraced by producers of persuasive maps). The results of a content analysis of 256 persuasive maps are discussed. The article concludes that it may be possible to take the most statistically significant results from this study to begin identifying different rhetorical styles of persuasive maps. 相似文献
4.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1)
AbstractA cartographic symposium held at Ulm in November 1982 was stimulated by the 500th anniversary of the printing of Ptolemy's 'Geographica' in that city, and was attended by an international gathering of historical cartographers. 相似文献
5.
用计算机模拟人类制图员解决地图缩编中的图形冲突 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
费立凡 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(5):426-432
针对地图综合中因道路符号的夸大表示而引起的道路与建筑物的图形冲突,提出了让计算机模拟人类制图员具备视觉及分析功能的具体方法,设计了一种新颖的栅格-矢量混合数据结构,以便通过将移位区内的所有建筑物分类,进行制图移位和受控变形等解决图形冲突。 相似文献
6.
A. A. Lyutyy 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):155-165
One of Russia's foremost cartographers surveys the status of cartography on the eve of the 21st century, in a review of research presented at a plenary session of a recent national cartographic conference of the Russian Federation. The focus is on how changes in scientific paradigms (toward a so-called phenomenological paradigm) have been accompanied by the appearance of new products and modes of communication and information transmission. These, in turn, have generated needs for new programs of mass-based cartographic education and new scientific production institutes for the design and testing of new mapping technologies. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1998, No. 1, pp. 8-17. 相似文献
7.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):169-180
AbstractColour is a very important visual variable and is often used for the communication of information in maps, graphics and diagrams. In cartography, the use of colour, in both a traditional and an electronic medium, has been widely discussed. With the growing use of a range of computer software (cartographic, remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and more recently the Internet or World Wide Web) as the main environment in which to design and create maps, and the availability of more sophisticated hardware, there is now an even greater opportunity and freedom of choice to make use of colour as a vital component in the communication of spatial information. The question is how to handle all these colours. This paper explores the importance of both the choice and use of colour in a paper and an electronic medium, and examines some of the ways in which more careful choice of colour can be encouraged in practice to ensure that the growing freedom of use considers the correct use of colour. 相似文献
8.
K. A. Salishchev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):207-218
The Chair of the Moscow University Department of Cartography surveys the current cartographic periodicals of the USSR and Eastern Europe, with special emphasis on the USSR, Hungary, East Germany and Poland. The number and relative importance of each country's periodicals reflect general levels of economic and scientific development, although periodicals even from small countries with relatively unfamiliar languages of publication make significant contributions. The Soviet Referativnyi zhurnal, kartografiya supplies Russian-reading cartographers with information on hundreds of cartographic publications worldwide. Translated from the original by Marcia Levenson, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, D.C. 20005. 相似文献
9.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):76-87
Cartographers must make numerous decisions during the process of constructing a map. In the present era, when spatial data sets are abundant and mapping software is accessible to the general public, cartographic knowledge developed in the literature is under-used and threatened with irrelevance. We view cartographic design as a multiobjective problem solving process that must meet many, often conflicting, goals. The application of this multiobjective view to cartographic design will help a new generation of cartographers develop design capabilities. We illustrate our concepts using several thematic mapping examples. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACTThis article presents a quantitative analysis of fictional maps and their relation to historic maps from different periods. Fictional maps are maps of imaginary territories. This type of map is now common in fiction, but they arose relatively late, in the second half of the nineteenth century, and are considered an independent branch of cartography today. They stand out through the way they are published because they are component parts of books and not independent cartographic works, and therefore their creators are not cartographers but rather the authors of these books. Fictional maps are mostly subordinate to the story, but they serve to give a sense of historical authenticity and draw the reader into the story. Without networks of coordinates and with labels such as ‘the end of the world’, they are spatially indeterminate, but they establish a connection between the fictional landscape and its identity. This study deals with 89 fictional maps from recent children’s and young adult literature. First we present a historical overview of these works and fictional maps, and then a cartographic analysis of fictional maps. We examined seventy-seven books with fictional maps and evaluated the maps according to five groups of standard cartographic elements: natural elements, built elements, toponyms, mathematical elements, and explanatory elements. We discuss the differences between cartographic representation of fictional maps and historic maps, and build a cartographic model based on the frequency of cartographic elements to put fictional maps into historic and geographical contexts. 相似文献
11.
L. M. Bugayevskiy Yu. S. Vilich L. A. Vakhrameyeva A. S. Vasmut A. M. Portnov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):51-58
Several researchers, including some affiliated with the Moscow Institute of Geodetic, Aerial Photographic, and Cartographic Engineers, an important center of geodetic and cartographic training in the USSR, continue the debate on automation in cartography featured in the preceding issue of Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing (1986, No. 4, pp. 274–288). They advocate continuation of some of the more promising research directions outlined in Ye. Ye. Shiryayev's book, criticize certain of its ideas regarding cartographic communication, generalization, and raster digitizing, and call for increased attention to the role of the geodetic sciences in the training of cartographers. The current debate stems from lack of adequate definitions for many concepts involved with cartographic presentation, inadequate development of a theory of automation, and lack of coordination in research among concerned organizations. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 7, pp. 37–42. 相似文献
12.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):350-362
Animated choropleth maps enable cartographers to visualize time-series data in a way that congruently depicts change over time. However, users have difficulty apprehending information encoded within these displays, and often fail to detect important changes between adjacent scenes. Failures of visual experience, such as change blindness, threaten the effectiveness of dynamic geovisual displays, in which several important changes can occur simultaneously throughout the display. Animated choropleth maps require viewers not only to notice changes but also understand symbolic meanings encoded in rapid transitions between scenes. Graphic interpolation between key frames, also known as “in-betweening” or “tweening”, smoothes transitions and lengthens the duration of the transition between scenes in a dynamic sequence. Previous cartographic literature suggests tweening could be a potential solution for change blindness in the cartographic context. This article examines this issue of change blindness in the cartographic context and reports on a human subjects investigation designed to evaluate the influence of cartographic design variables on map readers' change detection abilities. Our results indicate that 1) map readers have difficulty detecting changes in animated choropleth maps, 2) map readers over-estimate their own change detection abilities, and 3) tweening influences the legibility of change in animated choropleth maps. 相似文献
13.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):311-323
AbstractInformation transformation on television weather maps (TVWMs) is influenced by visual elements for a broad range of viewers. This research emphasizes the cartographic aspects of TVWMs through evaluating their visual variables. Currently defined visual variables including basic, dynamic and motion variables are investigated and some suggestions are made to improve their application on TVWMs. The rates of the represented visual information within different frames and the related standard deviation are proposed as measures to improve the performance of the ‘duration’ dynamic variable. The concept of ‘visual expressions’ is introduced, and their applications at the organisational level of map design are discussed. Such expressions (including background, boundary, spatial order, zoom and overview maps) are examined as tools for ‘user orientation’ in particular, and their role as dominant parameters in TVWMs’ cartographic communication is considered. Their incorporation in TVWMs of a number of global news channels is evaluated. Firstly, the concepts of visual design parameters are utilized as a foundation for an analytical evaluation, then an empirical evaluation is carried out based on a statistical investigation of a sample of TV viewers. The resulting ranking order and correlation coefficients for each of the elements shows a firm agreement, corroborating views on the importance and proficiency of the visual elements in communicating weather information. As a result, TVWMs of well-known global TV channels (BBC, Euronews, France24, PressTV) are ranked with respect to the effectiveness of their designs. 相似文献
14.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):247-257
Computer-generated maps have become commonplace over the past decade. Most internet search engines, for example, have the ability to generate maps in response to spatial queries and routes between specified origins and destinations. Advances in mobile computing technologies provide access to these mapping capabilities from virtually any location on the Earth's surface. Maps and map-making have become ubiquitous, and this phenomenon requires cartographers to rethink basic concepts about map design and map use. In this special issue we present five research projects that are focused on the emerging field of ubiquitous cartography. These projects were selected, in part, because they are representative of key research challenges that face the cartographic research community. In this introductory paper, key terms are defined and research challenges outlined. By way of this collected set of papers, ubiquitous cartography is presented as a new and important arena for cartographic research. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACTWe review recent developments in cartographic research in North America, in the context of informing the 29th International Cartographic Conference, and 18th General Assembly in 2019. The titles of papers published since 2015 in four leading cartographic journals yielded a corpus of 245 documents containing 1109 unique terms. These terms were analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and by visual analytics to produce 14 topic groups that mapped onto five classes. These classes were named as information visualization, cartographic data, spatial analysis and applications, methods and models, and GIScience. The classes were then used as themes to discuss the recent cartographic literature more broadly, first, to review recent trends in the research and to identify research gaps, and second, to examine prospects for new research over the next 20 years. A conclusion draws some broad findings from the review, suggesting that cartographic research in the future will be aimed less at dealing with data, and more at generating insight and knowledge to better inform society about global challenges. 相似文献
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17.
Ming-Hsiang Tsou 《制图学和地理信息科学》2015,42(4):70-74
Social media and Big Data have transformed our world into interconnected cyberspace and realspace. Cartographers can now trace, monitor, and map the spread of social movements, disease outbreaks, nature hazards, and popular events by digitally collecting social media and Big Data with locational contents, such as global positioning system tags and user location profiles. The dynamic characteristics of social media and Big Data provide a great research opportunity for cartographers to map and analyze human behaviors, communications, and movements. However, there are many challenges and pitfalls in cartographic research associated with spatiotemporal analysis of social media contents and Big Data. This short paper will address important research challenges and major opportunities for cartographers to process and visualize Big Data and social media. 相似文献
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19.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):182-188
AbstractAlthough studies concerned with the communication of information and of power-relations have been central to the development of cartographic theory, as hermeneutics they do not seem to have fully explored the relationship between maps and aesthetics. In this short paper, I will briefly discuss the reasons why aesthetics belongs in the development of cartographic theory and suggest possible avenues for further research. 相似文献