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1.
中部崛起战略后,中国中部六省(湖北省、湖南省、安徽省、山西省、江西省和河南省)经济快速发展,建成区面积不断扩张,不仅威胁粮食安全,更加剧资源环境约束。在此背景下,本文采用2007—2018年中部六省80个地级市面板数据,并运用Malmquist-Luerberger指数、重心模型、空间计量模型和地理探测器模型分析中部六省80个地级市土地绿色利用效率时演变、重心移动轨迹变化及其影响因素情况。结果表明:① 2007—2018年中部六省土地绿色利用效率增长是靠技术进步“单轨驱动”的。② 城市土地绿色利用效率值表现出明显的空间分异特征,且重心总体向东北方向移动。③ 中部六省各地级市之间土地绿色利用效率存在空间依赖性和空间溢出效应。④ 除城市建设用地面积外,城镇化率、产业结构高级化水平、经济发展水平、外商直接投资额均正向影响中部六省80个地级市土地绿色利用效率。其中,各个影响因素对土地绿色利用效率的影响从强到弱依次为产业结构高级化水平、外商直接投资额、建设用地面积、城镇化率、经济发展水平。  相似文献   

2.
The change in land development intensity is an important perspective to reflect the variation in regional social and economic development and spatial differentiation. In this paper, spatial statistical analysis, Ordinary Least Squares(OLS), and Geographically weighted regression(GWR) methods are used to systematically analyse the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving forces of land development intensity for 131 spatial units in the western China from 2000 to 2015. The findings of the study are as follows: 1) The land development intensity in the western China has been increasing rapidly. From 2000 to 2015, land development intensity increased by 3.4 times on average. 2) The hotspot areas have shifted from central Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi and the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi to the Guanzhong Plain and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. The areas of cold spots were mainly concentrated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. 3) Investment intensity and the natural environment have always been the main drivers of land development intensity in the western China. Investment played a powerful role in promoting land development intensity, while the natural and ecological environment distinctly constrained such development. The effect of the economic factors on land development intensity in the western China has changed, which is reflected in the driving factor of construction land development shifting from economic growth in 2000 to economic structure, especially industrial structure, in 2015.  相似文献   

3.
The emergence of rapid transit, primarily represented by high-speed railway(HSR), while reshaping the regional traffic patterns, leads to the reconstruction and redistribution of population and industry. This leads to either shrinkage or expansion of urban scale. However, research on the influence mechanisms of the urban scale has mostly concentrated on historical, economic and social factors. The influence of traffic factors is rarely mentioned in current research. Therefore, this study examines Northeast China, where the change in urban scale is most significant, to discuss the spatial impact of high-speed railway on the urban scale. This is of great significance in terms of enriching current understanding of the factors affecting the urban scale. The results included the following: 1) The high-speed railway produced considerable space-time convergence effects, however, simultaneously aggravated the imbalance in traffic development in Northeast China. The increase in accessibility presents attenuation characteristics from the high-speed railway. Additionally, the high-speed railway has changed the mode of cooperation between cities in the provinces, inter-regional and inter-provincial cooperation models gradually become popular. 2) The change rate of accessibility and the urban scale present significant spatial coupling phenomena, with the change rate of the Harbin-Dalian trunk lines and its surroundings being more significant. 3) There are predominantly four modes of the influence of high-speed railway on the urban scale, which make difference city present expansion or shrinkage.  相似文献   

4.
人为热一定程度上影响着城市的局地环境和微气候。以2016年中国地级市为研究对象,首先采用了能源消耗清单法结合Suomi-NPP(National Polar-orbiting Partnership)VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)夜间灯光数据的方法估算了格网尺度的人为热通量;其次,分别使用最小二乘法和地理加权回归法模型在全局和局部尺度上研究不同因素对人为热总量的影响;进一步使用自然断点法划分出其中的主导因素。得出以下结论:① 各地级市的人为热总量具有显著的空间差异,京津冀、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲城市群所在的中国东南地区,人为热总量相对较高;② 能源消耗、民用汽车数量、人均生产总值是全局尺度上人为热总量的主要驱动因素;人口密度、第二产业占比、道路密度和建成区面积对人为热总量的影响呈现出较强的空间异质性;外商直接投资额则在全局尺度对人为热总量的影响较低。③ 主导因素分析表明无主导因素的地级市主要位于中国的西南部,以能源消耗、民用汽车数量、人均生产总值为单一主导因素的地级市主要聚集于中国的东南部、中部及东北部、西北部,并在其周边交叉地区形成了一些数量较少的双重主导因素地级市。本文的研究为政府相关部门对于人为热调控政策的制定提供了依据。  相似文献   

5.
蓝绿空间是城市生态安全的重要保障。本文通过谷歌地球引擎(GEE)提取2005、2010、2015与2020年的植被与水体指数数据,构建了包含272个地级城市建成区的蓝绿空间数据库。运用蓝绿空间覆盖率、300 m服务半径覆盖率、分维数与分离度4个指标分析其时空格局与演化模式,并进一步探讨其气候影响因素。结果表明:(1)地级城市建成区蓝绿空间整体呈现为“南高北低”的格局,且南方“西高东低”、北方“东高西低”,但环渤海地区为蓝绿空间覆盖率“洼地”;时间格局为“总体增长、局部降低”,华中地区呈下降趋势的城市最多;(2)就分区而言,西南地区城市建成区蓝绿空间覆盖率最高(平均高于65%)、分离度最低(平均低于0.60),西北地区覆盖率分异较大,华北地区覆盖率最低(平均10%~30%)且分离度最高(平均约0.98);(3)采用多尺度地理加权回归模型所得R2为0.85(校正R2为0.83),其中,降水量对城市建成区蓝绿空间的影响最显著,降水量变化成正相关,气温则成负相关;整体上气候影响与比人为影响相当,但在某些时段间更大。  相似文献   

6.
The increase in China's skilled labor force has drawn much attention from policymakers, national and international firms and media. Understanding how educated talent locates and re-locates across the country can guide future policy discussions of equality, firm localization and service allocation. Prior studies have tended to adopt a static cross-national approach providing valuable insights into the relative importance of economic and amenity differentials driving the distribution of talent in China. Yet, few adopt longitudinal analysis to examine the temporal dynamics in the stregnth of existing associations. Recently released official statistical data now enables space-time analysis of the geographic distribution of talent and its determinants in China. Using four-year city-level data from national population censuses and 1% population sample surveys conducted every five years between 2000 and 2015, we examine the spatial patterns of talent across Chinese cities and their underpinning drivers evolve over time. Results reveal that the spatial distribution of talent in China is persistently unequal and spatially concentrated between 2000 and 2015. It also shows gradually strengthened and significantly positive spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of talent. An eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial panel is employed to model the spatial determinants of talent distribution. Results indicate the influences of both economic opportunities and urban amenities,particularly urban public services and greening rate, on the distribution of talent. These results highlight that urban economic-and amenity-related factors have simultaneously driven China's talent's settlement patterns over the first fifteen years of the 21 st century.  相似文献   

7.
以山东省为研究区域,基于信息熵方法探讨2006—2015年城市建设用地结构及规模演变,并采用主成分分析开展了驱动机制分析。研究发现,山东省城市建设用地规模逐年增加,在空间上存在较大差异,东部沿海经济发展较快的城市扩张较为显著。建设用地结构信息熵呈先下降后上升再下降的波动态势,均衡度也呈波动变化,居住用地、工业用地在山东省城市建设用地中处于优势地位,山东省的城市建设用地仍处在开发状态。经济发展、人口变动、交通及产业结构是影响城市建设用地动态变化的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

8.
基于新型城镇化内涵的深刻理解及城镇化发展历程的梳理,尝试性利用等权重方法,对2000~2015年中国31个省市新型城镇化发展水平进行测度和时空维度及集聚特征展示。在此基础上建立多元回归模型,对中国进行分区域新型城镇化发展驱动力进行分析。结果表明,中国东、中、西部新型城镇化发展主导驱动因素分别为外向力、市场力和行政力。政府应在充分认识新型城镇化内涵基础上,对东、中、西部实行不同发展策略,缩小区域差异。  相似文献   

9.
研究青藏高原城镇化格局的时空分异及其影响因素,有利于推动青藏高原现代人类活动时空过程的认知,对青藏高原就地就近城镇化及可持续发展具有参考意义。根据历次人口普查数据,本研究构建青藏高原县市尺度城镇化空间数据集,参考城镇化发展阶段,采用LISA空间类型划分法和空间计量回归模型,系统分析1990-2010年青藏高原内部城镇化格局的时空分异特征及影响因素。主要结论包括:① 青藏高原整体城镇化水平偏低,2017年底,青藏高原主体部分青海省和西藏自治区的常住人口城镇化水平分别为53.07%和30.8%,低于全国同期水平的58.52%,但青藏高原内不乏高水平城镇化地区,而且各地区间城镇化水平的空间差异缩小;② 青海西部柴达木盆地是高水平城镇化集聚区,羌塘地区是低水平城镇化集聚区,地级行政中心所在县市多呈现自身高、周边低的城镇化格局;③ 与内地相似,第二、三产业从业机会是推动青藏高原城镇化发展重要因素,社会公共服务资源对城镇化拉动作用开始凸显。研究结果可以为青藏高原人类活动研究和青藏高原就地就近城镇化可持续发展政策提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
新型城镇化的人地耦合异速增长分析方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在新型城镇化背景下的城市人口规模与用地面积变化具有复杂性,研究两种要素城镇化水平的相对增长关系,有助于探索人地耦合发展的协同态势及变化动因。本文选取广州市2000—2015年的Landsat时序影像与2000、2010和2015年的人口普查与年鉴数据,在街道(乡镇)尺度上计算人口土地城镇化耦合指数识别4种耦合类型,并在此基础上提出年均增长率异速关系拟合方法。研究结果表明:① 2000—2015年广州市街道(乡镇)人口和土地城镇化呈现明显的圈层结构(核心、内、外圈层)特征,4种人地耦合类型的异速增长分别呈现正异速、负异速、负幂律3种形式,证明人地耦合分类的异速增长建模方法有助于分析人地城镇化的动态演化过程;② 基于人地耦合指数的异速标度分析表明,核心圈层—内圈层—外圈层结构上分别形成了高度集约—集约—相对粗放式扩张的发展格局,结合城市更新改造的空间分析,说明这一特色新型城镇化模式在广州具有一定成效,已初步形成了核心圈层与内圈层协同发展的态势,但需要注意防控外圈层的粗放型增长。研究结果可为新型城镇化理论内涵的认知探索和广州市案例的实证研究提供支持。  相似文献   

11.
In recent years, the large scale and frequency of severe air pollution in China has become an important consideration in the construction of livable cities and the physical and mental health of urban residents. Based on the 2016-year urban air quality index(AQI) data published by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of air quality and its influencing factors in 338 urban units nationwide. The analysis provides an effective scientific basis for formulating national air pollution control measures. Four key results are shown. 1) Generally, air quality in the 338 cities is poor, and the average annual values for urban AQI and air pollution in 2016 were 79.58% and 21.22%, respectively. 2) The air quality index presents seasonal changes, with winter spring autumn summer and a u-shaped trend. 3) The spatial distribution of the urban air quality index shows clear north-south characteristic differences and a spatial agglomeration effect; the high value area of air pollution is mainly concentrated in the North China Plain and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 4) An evaluation of the spatial econometric model shows that differences in urban air quality are due to social, economic, and natural factors.  相似文献   

12.
自1978年以来,我国城镇化经历了外延粗放扩张式的快速发展模式,不具有可持续性。城市群作为推进后城镇化发展阶段的主体形态,其智慧化建设成为重要的研究内容。但智慧城市群建设如果缺乏理论指导,会陷入一定的盲目性。因此,本文力图通过对城市的“智慧”和城市群的空间概念体系的本质认知,构建“互联互通、生产、生活、生态”(简称为“一联三生”)体系下的智慧城市群理论框架。结果表明:① 智慧城市与智慧城市群的建设需要“命运共同体”的灵魂引领。在对心理学领域“智慧”充分认知的基础上,提出“以人为本的自主调节”的智慧城市灵魂。自主调节包括实时的智慧感知、智慧评估和智慧优化;② “一联三生”构成城市群空间概念体系,包含“一联”和“三生”等4个主题内容;③ 实现“一联三生”的智慧感知、智慧评估和智慧优化是智慧城市群构建的核心内容。结合粤港澳大湾区实际,提出了粤港澳大湾区智慧城市群的建设目标与内容,并探讨了地理空间信息在粤港澳大湾区智慧城市群建设中的支撑作用,为我国智慧城市群的框架构建提供理论参考。  相似文献   

13.
If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and this is presently lacking. In this study, remotely sensed images with approximately 30 m spatial resolution were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of urban expansion of 60 Chinese cities(1973–2013). Urban-expansion-process curves of the cities studied were drawn using annual expansion area as an indicator. Curve similarity analysis generated four basic process modes of urban expansion in China. These included cities that: 1) peaked around 2004 and then decelerated; 2) peaked around 2010 and then decelerated; 3) showed sustained acceleration, and 4) showed continued deceleration. Four basic process modes represented cities under different levels of development stage. Geographic location was found to be the most related characteristic to urban expansion process. Regional development policies at the national level in each region also showed highly temporal consistency with fluctuation characteristics of urban expansion process. Urban characteristic such as population size and administrative level were not found to be significantly related to urban expansion-process modes. Understanding the basic process-mode categories well is extremely important for future regional-balance planning and development of macroeconomic policies.  相似文献   

14.
城市蔓延是城市快速发展过程中普遍出现的问题。本文在总结国内外理论和实证研究的基础上,采用建成区面积对城镇人口的弹性来表征城市蔓延,对全国214个地级市市辖区1996-2014年的城市蔓延阶段特征进行分析,从产业发展、政府推动作用、教育发展水平、全球化水平、交通发展水平、市场化水平这些方面,进一步对城市蔓延的驱动力展开深入探究。结果表明:①城市蔓延问题具有路径依赖,在以经济快速增长为目标的发展纲要指导下,城市往往持续蔓延。②第二产业发展将显著加剧城市蔓延,但地方政府可以通过推动第三产业发展、吸引外资优化经济发展结构,缓解城市蔓延问题。③道路建设、市场化水平、高校教育水平对城市蔓延的影响较小或并不显著。最后本文提出了控制城市蔓延问题的政策建议。  相似文献   

15.
城镇开发边界的划定对于保障资源合理利用、促进城镇有序发展具有重要意义。国内现有研究多以规划实践的技术探讨为主,但对资源环境的定量化评估不足,且较少在大都市区尺度开展研究。本文以武汉大都市区为研究案例,提出在耦合多种要素构建“双评价”体系的基础上,结合FLUS模型进行土地利用模拟和城镇开发边界的划定,并运用景观格局指数等对结果进行分析校验。结果表明:① 土地利用模拟KAPPA系数为0.95,总体精度为0.96,能较好的反映未来用地变化情况,且结果显示城镇建设用地呈蔓延式扩张,有必要通过划定边界来控制城镇开发;② 根据模拟结果划定城镇开发边界,能够避免城镇建设集中占用生态或农业价值较高的区域,并在优化形态的基础上改善武汉大都市区的城镇空间布局,有很强的适用性;③ 驱动体系评价表明,相较于单一因子库,“双评价”因子库精度更高,且更能优化景观格局,促进建设用地斑块集聚发展并填补建成区空白,更符合区域发展诉求;④ 扩张结果评价表明划定结果与武汉大都市区的未来发展模式吻合,未来空间管控应重点关注临空港片区、阳逻片区、光谷-未来城片区、纸坊片区扩张的潜在价值。本研究验证了FLUS模型在武汉大都市区内应用的有效性,为规划管控及建设用地布局优化提供一定参考。  相似文献   

16.
模拟城市土地利用空间变化格局的研究,对未来区域规划以及实现可持续发展具有十分积极的作用。以往基于FLUS的研究栅格尺度较大,如何模拟快速发展中城市的复杂土地利用变化过程,挖掘土地利用变化驱动机制值得进一步探讨。本文构建了耦合FLUS和Markov的城市土地利用格局拟合框架,创新性地引入房价指标表征社会经济属性,以深圳为研究区,基于30 m空间分辨率小栅格尺度的土地利用分类数据和基础地理、路网河网、感兴趣点等多源空间变量,模拟不同发展情景下的未来城市土地利用空间格局,并通过随机森林进行土地利用变化驱动因素分析。研究结果表明:本文提出的耦合FLUS和Markov方法相较于传统CA模型(RFA-CA和Logistic-CA)精度更高(FoM=0.22),能更准确地模拟快速发展中城市的土地利用变化过程;多情景土地利用格局制图结果验证了城市发展过程中生态控制线的重要性,进一步说明本文拟合框架在未来城市规划布局中的参考价值;医院、娱乐场所等的基础设施和公交、路网密度等的基础交通比自然因素(高程、坡度)对城市发展的影响更大,到海岸线距离会在一定程度上限制深圳内部土地利用变化过程。本研究所构建模型及精细制图结果,可为城市区域规划和空间格局模拟等相关研究提供参考依据和理论基础。  相似文献   

17.
Urban agglomerations are spatial entities that promote the development of ‘new urbanization' processes within China. In this context, the concept of ‘multiscale urban agglomeration spaces' encompasses three linked levels: macroscale urban agglomerations, mesoscale cities, and microscale urban centers. Applying a series of multidisciplinary integrated research methods drawn from geography, urban planning, and architecture, this paper reveals two intensive utilization laws that can be generalized to apply to multiscale urban agglomeration spaces, top-to-bottom ‘positive transmission' linkage and inside-to-outside ‘negative transmission' movement. This paper also proposes optimization transmission theory and policy decision technical pathways that can be applied to these three urban agglomeration spatial scales. Specific technical pathways of transmission include intensive expansion and simulated decision-making in macroscale urban agglomerations, ecology, production, and living space intensive layout and dynamic decision-making in mesoscale cities, and four cores(i.e., ‘single, ring, axis, and pole core') progressive linkage and intensive optimization decision-making in microscale urban centers. The theory and technical pathways proposed in this paper solve the technical problem of optimization and provide intensive methods that can be applied not only at the individual level but also at multiple scales in urban agglomeration spaces. This study also advances a series of comprehensive technical solutions that can be applied to both compact and smart growth cities as well as to urban agglomerations. Solid theoretical support is provided for the optimization of Chinese land development, urbanization, agricultural development, and ecological security.  相似文献   

18.
突发性重大公共传染性疫情在地级城市层面政府严格防控时期的时空演变特征能够有效反应我国综合应急防控能力。基于中国2020年1月24日—3月5日312个城市的COVID-19累计确诊数、现有确诊数、治愈数等统计数据,采用ESDA、优化的热点分析、空间马尔科夫链、空间面板数据模型等方法分析了政府严控期COVID-19疫情在312个城市的时空变化特征。研究发现:① 全国COVID-19现存确诊数经历了“快速增长扩散、基本控制、逐渐下降、局部地区完全控制”的变化特征并在2月17日达到峰值,上升期的日均增长率为17.5%,下降期的日均下降率为5.1%,绝大部分城市的疫情变化特征与全国总体情况类似;② 春运期间的人口流动性高是导致疫情快速扩张的主要原因,武汉“封城”之前14 d的百度迁徙强度指数与部分城市的累计确诊数显著相关;③ 优化的热点分析方法识别出疫情热点的空间分布具有固定性且主要分布于以武汉为中心、半径约350 km范围内的36个城市,未识别出具有统计显著性的疫情冷点城市;④ 对各城市现有确诊人数的马尔科夫链转移概率矩阵分析结果显示,各种类型维持现状的概率大于0.85,向下转移的平均概率明显高于向上转移的概率,在不同空间滞后类型的影响下各类型转移概率发生明显变化;⑤ 空间面板数据模型估计结果显示312个城市的现存确诊数具有显著的空间和时间自相关性。本研究从地级市层面多角度分析了政府严控期间COVID-19疫情的时空变化特征,疫情防控重点在于降低其时空自相关效应,为我国当前及未来应对突发性重大公共传染性疫情提供决策参考。  相似文献   

19.
城市形态信息图谱的理论框架与案例分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文主要对城市形态信息图谱的理论框架构建进行研究,并通过具体案例实践进行理论框架解析.首先,从城市形态的本体特征、层次结构、驱动机制三方面探讨城市形态的本体论,归纳总结城市形态本体;其次,从认识论角度对城市形态进行剖析,得出对于城市形态,应遵从系统论的认识;再次,在方法论的层面,通过对城市形态诸多方法进行探讨与比较,得...  相似文献   

20.
青藏高原城镇体系的时空演变   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
城镇体系的形成和发育对区域城镇化进程及社会经济发展起着至关重要的作用,并对生态环境产生重要影响。青藏高原特殊的地理环境与相对落后的社会经济基础,导致城镇体系不甚健全。目前国内外相关研究薄弱,不利于国家生态安全屏障建设及青藏高原可持续发展。为此,本文以建制镇以上的镇区和城市市区为研究对象,结合统计数据与遥感数据,借助GIS空间分析方法对青藏高原1990-2015年城镇体系的空间结构和规模结构进行时空演变格局分析,并采用重心移动模型揭示了青藏高原城镇人口规模和用地规模重心的迁移规律。结果表明:青藏高原城镇空间分布总体呈现出“东南密集、西北稀疏”、“大分散、小集聚”的格局;城镇分布在时间上具有阶段性增长特征且总体趋于集聚,在空间上不均衡程度呈上升趋势但2005年后明显减缓;虽然建制镇数量大幅增长,但96.88%的城镇规模在5万人以下,大中小城市发育不足;城镇人口规模重心呈现“先向西南,再向东北,又向西南”的移动轨迹;城镇用地规模重心呈现“先向东南,再向西北,再向东北”的迁移趋势。本文研究了青藏高原城镇体系的规模结构及其时空演变特征,为青藏高原新型城镇化及城镇空间格局优化提供基础依据;提出了资料缺乏和统计口径不一致的条件下城镇规模的合理估算方法,对我国城镇化相关研究具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

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