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1.
选取2006—2008年发生在北京及其周边地区的28次雷暴过程,基于大气不稳定度参数和雷达参量对雷暴过程进行分类,分析了不同分类条件下的总闪电活动 (SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统观测) 和对流降水 (雷达反演) 的关系。结果表明:整体而言,总闪对应降水量的平均值为1.92×107 kg·fl-1。依据对流有效位能和抬升指数对雷暴进行分类的分析表明,较强的不稳定状态对应了较小的总闪对应降水量,同时总闪频次和对流降水量的相关性更好。基于雷达特征参数的分类分析表明,总闪对应降水量在对流运动较弱情况下最小,其次是对流运动较强的情况下,而对流运动适中时最大。  相似文献   

2.
黄丽萍  陈德辉  马明 《气象学报》2012,70(2):291-301
为了探索雷电天气的数值预报新方法,在高分辨GRAPES_Meso中尺度预报模式中添加了各种水成物电荷密度预报方程组,同时从传统基于云模式的三维雷电模式中剥离出起电过程和放电过程参数化方案,作为中尺度模式的一种物理过程参数化方案嵌套进中尺度模式,使得整套中尺度模式包含了大气动力、雷电过程及各种物理过程,建立了大气动力-物理过程和雷电过程一体化的数值预报模式GRAPES_LM,建立的GRAPES_LM模式包含了多种复杂的微物理过程参数化方案,其中,包括中国气象科学研究院开发研制的双参数对流云参数化方案;包含了霰/雹与冰晶/雪晶碰撞回弹的非感应起电、霰/雹与云滴碰撞的感应起电及霰碰撞大云滴造成冰晶繁生的次生冰晶起电3种起电参数化方案以及最新的随机双向放电参数化。并利用美国CCOPE观测试验中的个例观测资料(1981年7月19日),进行了初步应用模拟试验,对模式的雷电数值预报的可行性进行了验证分析。结果表明,高分辨率GRAPES_LM模式对1981年7月19日的雷电过程个例做出了成功的模拟预报,较好地给出了雷暴云的动力、微物理和电过程的时空演变,雷电天气数值预报新方法的可行性得到了初步验证。  相似文献   

3.
李松如  石茹琳  孙豪 《气象科学》2021,41(3):417-426
利用NCEP再分析资料、雷达、卫星资料以及闪电定位资料对2019年7月27日呼和浩特市一次强雷暴天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明:此次雷暴过程主要受贝加尔湖低压中心和蒙古高原高空槽东移影响;雷暴发生前,K指数和CAPE等不稳定参数均超过阈值,大气层结呈现上干冷下暖湿的不稳定形势,并且垂直方向上低空辐合、高空辐散的结构与强烈的上升气流相配合,为雷暴天气的发生提供了有利条件;在整个雷暴过程中负地闪占主导地位,但雷暴的不同发展阶段地闪分布不同,在雷暴发展及成熟阶段,负地闪数明显多于正地闪数,而在雷暴消散阶段,正地闪数大幅增加,甚至超过负地闪;闪电多分布于强回波区域,但闪电频数最高的地方不一定与强回波中心相对应;地闪的落区主要位于云顶温度低于240 K的区域,对应的云顶相态为冰相和混合相。  相似文献   

4.
孙哲  魏鸣 《大气科学学报》2016,39(2):260-269
利用NCEP再分析资料、探空资料、闪电定位资料和南京、常州多普勒雷达资料,通过对比分析南京2012年2月22日春季雷暴和2011年8月10日夏季雷暴两次过程,研究不同季节影响雷暴发生的大气结构以及强弱雷暴地闪特征的差异。结果表明:风矢位温(V-3θ)图揭示的大气动力热力水汽特征能够为雷暴的潜势预报提供先兆信息。两者相较而言,春季雷暴的动力抬升作用明显;夏季雷暴主要由热对流引起,对流层上层的动力抽吸作用不明显。春季弱雷暴正地闪在总地闪中所占比例较高。无论春季弱雷暴还是夏季强雷暴,地闪落点与辐合区对应关系明显,且地闪的落点也与雷达反射率因子有较好的对应关系:地闪主要分布在强回波区(大于40 d Bz)及其外围区域。但在较强雷暴云的发展阶段,地闪多发生在风暴体伸展方向的一侧,具有引导雷达回波移动的作用,夏季强雷暴地闪簇集在垂直风切变区域。  相似文献   

5.
一次西南涡特大暴雨的中尺度诊断分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用LAPS中尺度分析模式大气资料,对2008年7月一次西南涡暴雨过程进行天气学降水运动的中尺度诊断计算与分析。诊断计算包括:可降水量、层结不稳定能量、对流可降水量、水汽权重平均风速、水汽通量散度、云水、云冰总量及其通量散度和垂直速度与凝结函数降水率等。结果表明:“西南涡-切变线”系统的暴雨发生在暖湿气团与变性冷气团之间的中尺度风场辐合上升运动区,中尺度雨团发生在层结不稳定的暖湿气团一侧。计算的中尺度垂直运动与凝结函数降水率场,降水率为暴雨到特大暴雨。计算的水汽通量辐合降水率与凝结函数降水率不会完全重合,且水汽通量辐合既可致中尺度“雨”,又可成大尺度“云”,并且云水、云冰通量辐合/辐散,可解释为它们的“正”/“负”碰并增长,而碰并增长产生水凝物增量(降水率)也促成大暴雨。因此,在凝结函数降水率场中产生的中、小尺度对流雨团,加上水汽与云水、云冰通量辐合及其碰并增长,并且借助层结不稳定能量释放和可能产生的强迫“次级环流”及水汽与云水、云冰输送,是这次“西南涡-切变线”系统造成襄樊特大暴雨的天气学成因。  相似文献   

6.
为了探讨对流强度大小对雷暴云内微物理发展和起电过程的影响,基于已有的二维积云起、放电模式,改变其扰动温度进行敏感性试验。试验结果表明:对流强度对雷暴云内微物理过程、起电率及后续电荷结构的产生均有一定程度的影响:1)对流强度较小时,冰晶粒子极大值在高温区(高于-13.8℃)出现,对流强度较大时,上升风明显增强,将更多的水汽带入高空,气溶胶活化过程明显增强,使得云滴粒子明显增多,冰晶粒子较早产生,冰晶粒子极大值在低温区(低于-13.8℃)出现,发展过程更为剧烈;同时,较高的对流强度也使得降雨量增多,霰粒子数目也在对流发展旺盛时期显著增多。2)非感应起电率主要和冰晶-霰的碰并分离过程有关,对流强度较大时,非感应起电率较大,电荷结构持续时间较长,过程明显,感应起电率也较强。3)对流强度较大时,电荷结构更为复杂,雷暴云发展初期基本呈现为三极性,发展旺盛时期底部正电荷区域嵌入一个较小的负电荷区,呈现四极性电荷结构,雷暴云发展末期基本呈现偶极性电荷结构;对流强度较小时,发展初期、旺盛时期均呈现三极性电荷结构,发展末期呈现偶极性电荷结构。  相似文献   

7.
This paper reports a theoretical study on the possibility of inducing artificial showery rain using the convective available potential energy, which is naturally stored in the troposphere. We calculated the environmental parameters (frequency of climatic values, extreme value of stability index, etc.) in the upper troposphere using rawinsonde data from six main stations in Korea from 2001 to 2008 and examined the temporal spatial convective energy according to region. Our results showed that convective available potential energy, which can induce artificial rainfall, existed in the troposphere mainly in summer and were low in other seasons. Its value was found to be highest during late afternoon and in inland regions. We examined the vertical structure of the atmosphere using moisture convergence and vertical velocity (omega) and found that precipitation occurred under strong real latent instability conditions with high convective available potential energy (>3,000?J/kg) in summer and was characterized by moisture convergence at 1,000?C400?hPa, moisture divergence at 400?C300?hPa, and continuous ascending air current at 1,000?C300?hPa (?C??), on average. However, precipitation still did not occur in more than half the cases with high convective available potential energy because, according to the analysis, convective rainfall is affected to a greater extent by the value of convective inhibition than by convective available potential energy. It was also verified that in spite of zero convective inhibition, if the updrafts at a lower level were not sufficient to generate high convective available potential energy at a level higher than the level of free convection, convective rainfall would not occur under real latent instability. Therefore, we suggest it might be possible during the summer to secure the water resources in regions without precipitation by inducing ascending air current artificially under unstable atmospheric conditions to induce showery rain.  相似文献   

8.
极端雷暴大风的环境参量特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了研究极端雷暴大风天气环境要素特点,选取2002—2017年中国各地区极端雷暴大风个例95个和不伴随强对流的普通雷暴个例95个,通过两者间关键环境参数的对比,揭示极端雷暴大风事件的关键环境参数特征。结果表明:极端雷暴大风天气发生在对流层中层相对干的环境下,表现为400~700 hPa极端雷暴大风对应的单层最大温度露点差和平均温度露点差平均值分别为25.7℃和13.6℃,而普通雷暴的相应值分别为16.2℃和6.5℃。统计结果表明:尽管产生极端雷暴大风的对流风暴和普通雷达对应的地面露点差异并不大,但前者相应的大气可降水量(平均值为37 mm)明显低于后者(平均值为51 mm),差异突出表现在两者湿层厚度的不同上;相对于普通雷暴事件,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流有效位能值(平均值为1820 J·kg-1)明显高于普通雷暴事件的对应值(平均值为470 J·kg-1);此外,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流层中下层垂直温度递减率、下沉有效位能、夹卷层平均风速和0~6 km,0~3 km垂直风切变均明显大于普通雷暴事件对应的相应值。  相似文献   

9.
华北一次西南涡暴雨过程的诊断分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用一日4次1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,分析了2010年7月19日发生在华北地区的西南涡暴雨过程。结果表明:此次暴雨过程是不同尺度系统共同影响的结果,低空急流将水汽源源不断地向暴雨区输送,云水含量大值区与强上升运动和强降水时段有较好的对应关系,高、低空急流的耦合作用促进了上升运动,暴雨期间对流层低层有自南向北发展的高能舌维持,存在对流性不稳定层结,上升运动自低层向上发展,将低层的暖湿空气向上输送,使得大量的不稳定能量释放,为暴雨区提供了持续的能量。  相似文献   

10.
杨莲梅  杨涛 《干旱气象》2004,22(2):11-16
阿克苏北部绿洲是强对流天气的高发区,虽然强对流暴雨和冰雹均为强对流天气,研究表明它们均发生在副热带锋区上,而影响系统、物理量特征均有显著不同:(1)暴雨的影响系统主要以西方路径的锋区小槽和中亚低槽为多,北支槽最少,冷空气弱且湿;冰雹以锋区小槽和北支槽为主,中亚低槽为少,冷空气相对强且干;(2)强对流暴雨的高空急流比冰雹弱,且存在一支低空偏东急流,冰雹不存在;(3)均位于湿舌区,但暴雨区湿度从低层到中层比雹区大,暴雨区850~500hPa均有明显的水汽输送,尤其低空急流输送充沛的水汽。雹区水汽输送较弱,且以天山山区向雹区的局地水汽输送为主。二者均有强的水汽辐合,暴雨区的水汽辐合比雹区强;(4)均有强的上升运动,冰雹850hPa的上升运动比暴雨强,700hPa二者相当,500hPa暴雨比冰雹略强。(5)均有强的不稳定性,暴雨的不稳定性强于冰雹。  相似文献   

11.
Based on the observational hourly precipitation data and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) products from 2006 to 2020, 22 rainstorm processes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are objectively classified by using the hierarchical clustering method, and the circulation characteristics of different patterns are comparatively analyzed in this study. The results show that the occurrences of rainstorm processes in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are most closely related to three circulation patterns. Patterns I and III mainly occur in July and August, with similar zonal circulations in synoptic backgrounds. Specifically, the South Asia high and the western Pacific subtropical high are stronger and more northward than those in normal years. The frontal systems in westerlies are inactive, while the water vapor from the ocean surface in the south is mainly transported to the rainstorm area by the southerly jet stream at 700 hPa. The dynamic lifting anomalies are relatively weak, the instability of atmospheric stratification is anomalously strong, and thus the localized severe convective rainstorm is more significant. Comparatively, rainstorm processes of pattern I are accompanied by stronger and deeper ascending motions, and the warm-sector rainstorm is more extreme. Pattern III shows a stronger and deeper convective instability, accompanied by larger low-level moisture. Rainstorm processes of pattern II mainly occur in early summer and early autumn, presenting a meridional circulation pattern of high in the east and low in the west in terms of geopotential height. Moreover, the two low-level jets transporting the water vapor northward from the ocean on the east of China encounter with the frontal systems in westerlies, which makes the ascending motion in pattern II anomalously strong and deep. The relatively weak instability of atmospheric stratification causes weak convection and long-lasting precipitation formed by the confluence of cold air and warm air. This study may help improve rainstorm forecasting in arid regions.  相似文献   

12.
形成2015年浙江省梅汛期暴雨的控制环流及梅雨锋结构   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
本文利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析逐日资料、地面观测资料和自动站降水资料,在分析了2015年浙江省梅汛期强降水特征、水汽输送和局地环流的基础上,从西南季风进退、副热带高压、南亚高压及西风带波动等方面对2015年形成梅汛期暴雨的控制环流进行了分析。结果表明:2015年整个浙江省梅汛期降水量较常年显著偏多,浙江中部地区降水量比历史同期偏多接近一倍。丰沛的水汽从孟加拉湾经中南半岛向东输送,与西太平洋副热带高压西侧的西南气流相合并,在梅雨锋南侧形成异常辐合,为强降水提供了水汽条件。这次持续强降水由三次强降水过程构成并由西风辐合型锋生引起。第二次强降水过程中大气强对流性不稳定利于梅雨锋上中尺度对流系统发展,导致强降水呈现明显的局地性。而第一次和第三次过程中梅雨带附近大气基本处于对流稳定或中性,以斜压性降水为主。在对流层低层,副高较常年偏东偏南,其西北侧西南暖湿气流与北侧冷空气交汇于浙江省,利于梅汛期强降水集中期的出现。在对流层上层的南亚高压较常年位置偏东,其北侧的西风急流强度偏强,东亚急流核入口区右侧的强辐散利于造成强烈的上升运动。在对流层中层,贝加尔湖阻高的东侧有明显的波动能量向东向南传播并在长江中下游积聚,利于浙江地区扰动的维持,形成持续稳定的梅雨锋和中低空切变线,造成梅雨强降水过程的持续。2015年春夏季热带中东太平洋海温正异常分布有利于梅汛期降水偏多的异常环流的形成。  相似文献   

13.
2007年6-7月江西雷电灾害综合分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
针对2007年6—7月江西雷电灾害特别严重的事实,从闪电定位资料、天气形势背景、对流不稳定指数,以及多普勒雷达回波特征等方面进行了相关对比分析。结果表明,异常频繁的闪电和较高的闪电密度,是造成江西2007年雷击人员伤亡重于往年、重于其他省份的重要因素。雷击死亡人数与闪电次数和闪电密度相关性较好,当闪电密度≥2.0次/km2时,发生雷击伤亡的可能性明显增加。副高位置不稳定、短波槽移动频繁以及不稳定指数偏强,是江西雷电频繁发生的天气背景条件。当雷达组合反射率强度>54 dBz、回波顶高>12 km、垂直积分液态含水量>40 kg/m2时,江西易产生强雷电。  相似文献   

14.
A mixed rain-snow storm associated with a strong burst of cold air and development of an extratropical cyclone occurred over North China from 3 to 5 November 2012.This early snowfall event was characterized by a dramatic drop in temperature,strong winds,high precipitation intensity,broad spatial extent,and coexistence of multi-phase precipitating hydrometeors.This study investigates the multi-scale interactions between the large-scale circulation background and the synoptic-scale weather systems associated with the storm.The results are as follows.(1) The Arctic Oscillation (AO) had been in its negative phase long before the event,leading to southward advection of cold air into North China in advance of the storm.(2)The large-scale atmospheric circulation experienced a decreased number of long waves upstream of North China prior to the storm,resulting in reduced wave velocity and an almost stagnant low pressure system (extratropical cyclone) over North China.(3) An Ω-shaped blocking high over East Asia and the western Pacific obstructed the eastward movement of an upstream trough,allowing the corresponding surface cyclone to stabilize and persist over Beijing and its neighboring areas.This blocking high was a major factor in making this event a historically most severe precipitation event in autumn in Beijing for the past 60 years.(4) Baroclinic instability at lower levels gave rise to rapid development of the cyclone under the classical "second type" development mechanism for extratropical cyclones.(5) Moisture originated from the Yellow Sea entered the slowly-moving cyclone in a steady stream,creating fairly favorable water vapor supply for the heavy rainfall-snowfall,especially during the later stage of the cyclone development.(6) Moisture transport and frontal lifting triggered low-level instability and updrafts.Intensification of the front enhanced the vertical wind shear,causing conditional symmetric instability (CSI) to expand upward within the unstable lower troposphere,and to eventually gear into the CSI region of the upper troposphere,which facilitated the upward development of low-level updrafts.  相似文献   

15.
云南省闪电活动时大气相对湿度结构特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用2007年6月1日—8月31日云南省闪电定位系统监测的云-地闪电资料与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中的相对湿度物理量,分析了云南省闪电活动时相对湿度的结构特征。结果表明:云南省闪电活动除具有夏季是高发期且日分布具有呈一峰一谷变化特征,在时间演变上还具有不均匀和阶段性的特点,这与特定的大气相对湿度环境条件密切相关;云南省闪电活动一般发生在相对湿度垂直结构具有低层湿度不高、中层高湿、高层又逐渐变干的环境大气中,大约在中层700 hPa以下相对湿度随高度增加,逐渐在中层形成高湿层,中层以上相对湿度又随高度减小,低层湿度不高、中层高湿、高层偏干的环境相对湿度条件非常有利于雷暴天气的发生和闪电的形成,一方面中层以下水汽随高度增加有利于水汽的上升运动和云的凝结形成,另一方面中高层水汽随高度迅速减小有利于形成上干下湿的大气对流不稳定,促使对流云进一步发展,从而产生闪电活动;低层相对湿度在40%~75%之间,中层600~700 hPa之间相对湿度较高,可达80%以上,一般为90%~95%,中层湿层越深厚,闪电过程越强烈,在高层250~400 hPa左右相对湿度减小到35%~60%之间。  相似文献   

16.
Summary We examine the co-evolving microphysical, kinematic, and electrical characteristics of a multi-cell thunderstorm observed on 21 May 1993 along the Front Range of Colorado using data collected with the 11 cm, multiparameter, CSU-CHILL Doppler radar. The measured polarimetric variables provide information on the size, shape, orientation, and thermodynamic phase of hydrometeors. Recent modeling and observational advances in weather radar polarimetry now permit the inference of bulk-hydrometeor types and mixing ratios, and the measurement of precipitation rate in mixed-phase (i.e., hail and rain) environments. We have employed these and other radar techniques, such as dual-Doppler analyses, to investigate the correlation between the convective life cycle of a multi-cell storm and the evolution of lightning type and flash rate.The observations suggest a strong correlation between the radar-inferred graupel volume suspended in a vigorous updraft in upper-portions of the storm and the in-cloud (IC) lightning flash rate. Our analyses reveal that maxima in the hail rate are related to peaks in the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash rate. Both correlation's are consistent with the non-inductive charging mechanism which relies on collisions between graupel/hail particles and ice crystals in the presence of supercooled water. Peaks in storm outflow are shown to either lag or to coincide with maxima in both the CG flash rate and hail rate. The amount and vertical location of ice in this storm was also related to the strength and polarity of the electric field through observations of a Field Excursion Associated With Precipitation (FEAWP) and a subsequent microburst. We demonstrate that the FEAWP was coincident with the descent of graupel and small hail below the charge reversal level as explained by the non-inductive charging mechanism, and that the further descent of graupel and small hail below the melting level aided in the generation of a microburst near the surface. Using observations of the FEAWP, we present some comparative speculation on the microphysics of the associated lower positive charge center and the applicability of various laboratory charging studies.With 14 Figures  相似文献   

17.
Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with three heavy rainfall events that occurred over eastern China during the mei-yu season in June 2011 were analyzed using 2D cumulus ensemble model simulation data.Model domain mean rainfall showed three peaks in response to three prescribed ascending motion maxima,primarily through the mean moisture convergence during the torrential rainfall period.Prescribed ascending motion throughout the troposphere produced strong convective rainfall during the first (9 June) and third (17-18 June) rainfall events,whereas strong prescribed ascending motion in the mid and upper troposphere and weak subsidence near the surface generated equally important stratiform and convective rainfall during the second rainfall event (14 June).The analysis of surface rainfall budgets reveals that convective rainfall was associated with atmospheric drying during the first event and moisture convergence during the third event.Both stratiform and convective rainfall responded primarily to moisture convergence during the second event.An analysis of grid data shows that the first and third mean rainfall maxima had smaller horizontal scales of the precipitation system than the second.  相似文献   

18.
为了研究风暴中的动力、微物理和电过程三者间的相互作用 ,在已有的工作基础上 ,建立了一个三维强风暴动力 电耦合数值模式。模式中将云中水物质分为水汽、云水、雨水、冰晶、雪、霰和雹 7类 ,各种粒子采用双变参数谱。考虑了详细的起电过程 ,它们包括扩散、电导、感应和非感应以及次生冰晶起电机制。此外 ,在模式中加入了云内放电参数化过程和云顶处屏蔽电荷层形成的参数化方案用以研究整个雷暴生命史内的电活动特征。最后利用CCOPE(CooperativeConvectivePrecipitationExperiment)计划中 1981年 7月 19日的风暴资料对模式的性能进行了验证 ,模拟结果显示此模式可以较好地描述风暴中动力、微物理和电结构的发展演变过程。  相似文献   

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利用2010—2017年中国气象局重要天气报、地面观测和探空资料以及欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA-Interim再分析资料,对川藏地区雷暴大风的活动特征、环境因子和环流形势进行统计分析,并对其中高原(海拔高度不低于1 km)和盆地(海拔高度低于1 km)区域雷暴大风活动进行对比。结果表明:川藏高原区域雷暴大风频次呈5—6月和9月双峰型分布,主要发生在午后;盆地区域主要发生在夏季,午后和夜间均较活跃。高原站雷暴大风年平均频次约为2次/站,在雷暴和大风中分别约占4.5%和8%。盆地站年平均频次仅为0.4次/站,雷暴中仅占1.5%,但在大风中约占60%。高原站雷暴大风的中低层环境温度递减率较大,一般呈上湿下干的逆湿垂直结构;而盆地站雷暴大风通常具有上干下湿的垂直结构。分别对5—6月和9月高原站雷暴大风两个峰值时段的环流形势进行合成分析,发现5—6月受高空西风槽影响,中层有弱冷平流侵入,高层位于高空急流入口区右侧,环境垂直风切变较大;而9月受副热带高压边缘影响,中高层较干,低层暖湿气流明显。这些均有利于雷暴大风发生。  相似文献   

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为了进一步印证以往观测反推得到的广东地区雷暴云多偶极性电荷结构的结论,利用加入了起放电参数化方案的WRF模式,模拟了广东在2017年5月8日发生的一次飑线过程,并对这次飑线过程中一个雷暴单体成熟期的电荷结构演变特征进行分析,通过分析动力、云水含量、各水成物粒子混合比及携带电荷情况,讨论了电荷结构的形成及演变机制。结果表明,成熟阶段的单体,电荷结构从三极性逐渐演变为偶极性。这是因为在成熟初期,霰粒子在有效液态水含量适中且温度较高的地方与冰晶/雪花粒子发生了非感应碰撞,因此底部霰粒子携带正电,雷暴云底部形成次正电荷区,电荷结构为三极性。而在成熟后期,由于丰富的云水含量,使冰粒子的凇附过程增强,霰不断增加,冰晶和雪花不断被消耗,温度较暖区域与霰共存的冰晶和雪花急剧减少,使得该区域大小冰粒子的非感应碰撞起电急剧减少,此处霰粒子不能再通过非感应碰撞获得正电荷,底部次正电荷区随之消失,雷暴云的电荷结构转变为偶极性。此结果和以往观测反推得到的结论不同,这表明,对南方雷暴电荷结构还需继续深入认识。   相似文献   

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