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1.
《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2005,75(1-2):53-68
The flow behavior in hydrocyclone is quite complex. This complexity of flow processes has led designers to rely on empirical equations for predicting the equipment performance. The publications on empirical models of the hydrocyclone far out-number few fluid-flow-modeling attempts. Empirical models correlate a classification parameter, such as the cut-size, with device dimensions and slurry properties. However, these can only be used within the extremes of the experimental data from which the model parameters were determined. On the other hand, models based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques have proven to be useful in simulating fluid flow in hydrocyclones, and in predicting the separation efficiency of solid particles in the separator for a wide range of operating and design conditions. The shape and size of a hydrocyclone separator has a direct influence on the internal flow structure of the continuous phase and, thereby, the separation of the particulate phase. Hydrocylcones usually have a single inlet that distributes the feed stream near the end wall between the vortex finder and the sidewall. Effect of spigot diameter, i.e., 10 and 20 mm and inlet water velocities (5.91–12.35 m/s) on the water splits and particle classification in the hydrocyclone have been studied. The cut size of the hydrocyclone, operated at very low pulp density, has been predicted using discrete phase modeling technique. The studies revealed that with an increase in feed flow rate and decrease in spigot diameter the cyclone sharpness of separation improves. These predictions were found similar in line with the experimental observations. 相似文献
2.
An extensive test programme has been conducted on 10.2-, 25.4- and 38.1-cm “Krebs” hydrocyclones in order to study the effects of some design and operating variables on their volume capacities.For a given pressure the capacity of a cyclone was found to rise sharply with the addition of solid particles to water until the solids content was about 15% by weight. Further increase in solids caused a decrease in throughput. The effect of vortex finder diameter on the throughput was found to be non-linear. A general equation which relates inlet and outlet diameters, operating pressure and feed solids content to the volume capacity is presented. This equation is independent of hydrocyclone diameter. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2005,77(2):80-94
Classification studies to recover liberated particles of lead and zinc minerals from a ground lead–zinc ore were carried out using a 100-mm water-injection cyclone. The effects of variables on the performance of water-injection cyclone are discussed. The results indicated that the injection water rate has a complex interaction with the other variables like spigot opening, feed inlet pressure, and vortex finder opening. A set of empirical equations for slurry throughput, corrected cyclone cut size, minimum distribution point, and reduced efficiency numbers was developed for predicting the performance of water-injection cyclone. Finally, the results obtained in water-injection cyclone are compared with the data obtained on a similar diameter (100 mm) hydrocyclone. 相似文献
4.
Hydrocyclones are widely used in the mining and chemical industries. An attempt has been made in this study, to develop a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model, which is capable of predicting the flow patterns inside the hydrocyclone, including accurate prediction of flow split as well as the size of the air-core. The flow velocities and air-core diameters are predicted by DRSM (differential Reynolds stress model) and LES (large eddy simulations) models were compared to experimental results. The predicted water splits and air-core diameter with LES and RSM turbulence models along with VOF (volume of fluid) model for the air phase, through the outlets for various inlet pressures were also analyzed. The LES turbulence model led to an improved turbulence field prediction and thereby to more accurate prediction of pressure and velocity fields. This improvement was distinctive for the axial profile of pressure, indicating that air-core development is principally a transport effect rather than a pressure effect. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2005,77(1):46-52
Experiments have been conducted in a shear cell in order to provide insight into the separation of flocs by size and density in a hydrocyclone. The size of the aggregates was measured after shearing at a rate comparable to that found within a typical hydrocyclone. Two types of coal tailings from the Hunter Valley, NSW Australia with average sizes of about 0.4 μm and 10 μm were investigated. The size of aggregates after shearing was measured for a range of different polymeric flocculants of varying molecular weight and charge density. Under certain conditions 90% of the aggregates from the submicron tailings have size greater than 38 μm after shear at 1200 s− 1 for 30 s. The aggregates produced from the 10 μm tailings had over 90% larger than 82 μm with the flocculants tested. The size of the aggregates remained sufficiently large after shearing to be suitable for hydrocyclone dewatering. The density of the aggregates was calculated from the aggregate size and mass fractal dimension. The small difference between the density of the aggregates and water was found to be the factor limiting their velocity under the applied centrifugal acceleration. 相似文献
6.
积时式悬沙采样器进口管路的结构和几何参数是影响采样器管嘴进口流速的关键因素之一。为保证所采水样的真实和准确性，一般要求采样器进口流速接近河流的天然流速。本文通过建立采样器进口流速的数学模型，对采样器进口管路进行了参数优化。研究表明，通过优化结构参数，在水深0-40m。天然流速0-5m／s的范围内，采样器的进口流速系数K在[0．9，1．1]区间的概率可达98％。 相似文献
7.
8.
The tangential velocity profile for pseudoplastic power-law fluids in a hydrocyclone is determined with an analytical solution to a simplified momentum balance equation by the method of perturbation. A numerical solution of the non-linear two-point boundary-value problem by the finite-difference method provides a verification of the perturbation solution. The tangential velocity is found to be controlled by a modified Reynolds number involving the radial velocity at the outer radius of the hydrocyclone and the consistency and flow-behavior indices of the fluid. The radial position of the maximum tangential velocity decreases with an increase in the modified Reynolds number and/or the degree of pseudoplasticity of the fluid. This analysis suggests that improved performance of hydrocyclones may be possible for pseudoplastic fluid systems as the tangential velocity profiles are steeper and the free-vortex zone is extended inwards. 相似文献
9.
J. S. J. van Deventer D. Feng K. R. P. Petersen C. Aldrich 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2003,70(1-4):183-203
Spray profile measurements can be used to calculate the underflow rate, and consequently, be related to hydrocyclone performance. The flow geometry of the spray discharge is found to arise from velocity patterns at the outlet orifice. Through a videographic example of an industrial hydrocyclone, it is shown that underflow profiles are typically parabolic, a feature which is indicative of the velocity at which the fluid exits. The inclusion of gravity in this model clearly highlights deficiencies in currently used models. Moreover, an intimate knowledge of factors affecting the profiles of the underflow of a cyclone is essential for the correct interpretation of videographic images. Subsequently, image data are used to estimate outlet velocities, which give an excellent insight into various fluid mechanical phenomena that are not appreciated by analysing basic operational variables. The exit velocities are used to calculate underflow rates, which are related to mass recovery in the underflow. 相似文献
10.
近年来中国城市洪涝灾害频发,对人民群众的生命财产安全造成了严重威胁,其中雨水口泄流能力的大小对于计算受淹区的积水程度或路面雨水的排除效率至关重要。为此本研究专门修建了具有上下两层结构的城市洪涝过程综合试验平台,考虑雨篦子、雨水井及侧支管等完整的雨水口结构,开展了76组不同来流水深及流速下的雨水口泄流能力试验。试验结果表明:雨水口的下泄流量在井身充满前后表现出不同的变化规律,即在雨水井充满前,路面雨水以堰流形式下泄;在雨水井充满后,以管嘴出流形式下泄。基于试验数据率定出雨水口堰流及管嘴出流时的流量系数,并进一步采用量纲分析法,建立雨水口的泄流能力与雨篦子尺寸、篦前水流的弗劳德数等因素之间的经验关系,具有较高的相关系数。采用本文公式计算原型尺寸雨水口的泄流能力,并与中国现行雨水口泄流能力的参考值进行对比,发现当水深较大时现行参考值偏大较多。本研究成果能为精细化的城市洪涝管理提供计算依据。 相似文献
11.
Wanwilai Kraipech Wu Chen Tom Dyakowski Andrzej Nowakowski 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):100-115
Many empirical models have been used widely for designing hydrocyclones in industry. These empirical models consist of a set of design equations. Most of the design equations are based on the correlations obtained experimentally, using dimensionless similarity numbers. These equations have their limitations due to the specific systems used for model development. Therefore, in many cases, they cannot be used with confidence to predict the design of an individual separator, or the overall plant configuration that is required to meet different user requirements. A modified version of the existing design equations presented by previous researchers was developed. The design equations, describing four fundamental parameters: pressure drop, flow recovery to underflow, corrected cut size and classification function, were modified by fitting with set of experimental data to obtain the system-specific constant parameters. These modified design equations were then called, the fine-tuned design equations. Four sets of fine-tuned design equations describing all the fundamental parameters were constructed and used to predict the separation performance of many hydrocyclone operational systems at the Dow Chemical Company, Texas, USA. The performance of these equations is evaluated, and the limitations of their use are discussed, thus providing useful insights into hydrocyclone design. 相似文献
12.
V.N. Viswanathan D.V. Ramana Rao Kamal Kumar 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1980,7(2):137-146
Whereas high-grade dolomites and limestones find extensive use in the refractory and steel industries, high-silica dolomitic limestones are of little use and can cause disposal problems as mining rejects. The removal of silica and magnesia to certain specified limits can make them suitable for cement manufacture. Magnesia can be removed by a carbonation process after semi-calcination of dolomite but the removal of a large amount of silica prior to MgO separation, by the flotation process alone, is uneconomical. Here the results are presented of the investigations of hydrocyclone separation of silica from one such type of mining rejects. The results show that after grinding the feed material to suitable levels of liberation of quartz and carbonate grains, two cycles of operation in a 4′′ hydrocyclone, can recover about 45% of the limestone feed material with a lime/silica ratio adequate for cement manufacture. 相似文献
13.
Inlet sequence: a vertical succession of sedimentary structures and textures created by the lateral migration of tidal inlets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tidal inlets, narrow, comparatively deep gaps between barrier islands, are channels through which tidal currents flow vigorously as the water enters and leaves the backbarrier lagoons, bays, and intertidal flats and marshes. Many geologists have compared tidal inlets to river channels and have speculated that if an inlet shifts laterally, it should deposit a distinctive sequence of sediments, analogous to the point-bar sequence left by a meandering stream channel. Fire Island Inlet, located 56 km east of New York City, has migrated WSW at a mean rate of 64 m/year during the period 1825–1940. Waves approaching the coast, predominantly from the southeast, have shifted sediment along the shore toward the WSW. Deposition of sediment on the east side of the inlet has forced the tidal currents to erode the west side of the inlet, thus causing lateral migration. Because hydraulic conditions vary from the channel floor to the subaerial part of the spit which is present on the ENE side of the channel, sedimentary structures and textures vary systematically with depth. We have determined the various sedimentary environments associated with the modern Fire Island Inlet, sampled and described the sediments from these environments, and have collected samples from corings made on that part of Fire Island through which the inlet has migrated. On the basis of our studies, we propose an inlet sequence which is formed by the lateral migration of a tidal inlet. The sequence includes five major units, as follows on p. 492. The sediments belonging to various units in this sequence have been identified in four borings made on those parts of Fire Island through which the Fire Island Inlet has migrated since 1825. This sequence should be applicable to other inlets also. We think that the boundary between deep channel and shallow channel units remains relatively fixed at ?4.5 m, whereas the thickness of the deep channel unit is determined by the depth range between ?4.5 m and the total depth of the inlet. Hence, the main source of variation in the inlet sequence will be the thickness of the deep-channel unit. Most of the sediments of the inlet sequence are incised below mean low water; hence they will almost certainly be preserved in the geologic record, even if all other associated sediments from barrier environments located above mean low water are not preserved. Because of the great variability possible in rates of lateral migration of inlets along the shore compared with the rates of barrier displacement perpendicular to the shore, inlet sediments may be preserved as elongate lenses, or as widespread blankets. The shape of inlet deposits reveals much about the behaviour of barriers during a submergence. Hence, inlet sediments should shed new light on sediments of the continental shelves and on basal transgressive sands in the geologic record. 相似文献
14.
In dressing plants, the rapid determination of the corrected cut point in hydrocyclone classification is desirable, useful, and important. In this work, classification tests have been carried out on white sand using a 10-cm diameter hydrocyclone to examine closely the relation between the recovery to underflow and the corrected separation size, . The study was carried out at wide ranges of: apex diameter, vortex-finder diameter, solid content of feed, and length of vortex finder.A simple, yet reliable, equation relating the solid recovery of underflow to , is developed using all the obtained results. The predicted data show good agreement with the experimental. 相似文献
15.
This paper describes an algorithm for calculating the minimum adjustment required to make a set of assays, measured around a single piece of processing equipment, consistent with the mass flows present in that system. This algorithm is then applied to the problem of hydrocyclone size data reconciliation. 相似文献
16.
Amy F. Waterhouse Bilge Tutak Arnoldo Valle-Levinson Y. Peter Sheng 《Estuaries and Coasts》2013,36(5):1037-1053
The mechanisms responsible for the modulation of laterally sheared non-tidal (residual) exchange flow in a subtropical inlet, with special emphasis on tropical storm influence, are studied using a combination of current velocity profiles and hydrographic and meteorological data. The mouth of the inlet, St. Augustine Inlet in northeast Florida, is characterized by a 15-m-deep channel flanked by shoals (<6 m deep). Residual flows across the inlet mouth were laterally sheared with inflow in the channel and outflow over the shoals. This pattern persisted during four separate semi-diurnal tidal cycle surveys effected over 3 years. During spring tides, residual exchange flows intensified relative to neap tides. Residual inflow in the channel only reversed immediately after tropical storms because of their extreme winds and major temporal changes in water level. After the residual flow reversed in the channel, along-channel baroclinicity drove gravitational circulation that persisted for 4.5 days and was enhanced by offshore winds. A depth-averaged along-basin momentum budget highlighted the importance of bottom friction to help balance the barotropic pressure gradient. The rest of the momentum budget was likely provided by advective terms. During and after tropical storms, accelerations from wind stress and baroclinic pressure gradients also became influential in the along-basin momentum budget. 相似文献
17.
雨水口是下泄地表径流的关键设施,一旦堵塞将导致市政排水系统的泄流能力无法充分发挥,这是引发城市洪涝灾害的主要原因之一。为定量分析雨水口堵塞对其泄流能力的影响,本研究分别考虑进水篦及连接管不同堵塞程度的情况,开展了较大来流水深下的概化水槽试验,共计进行了608组试验。试验结果表明:①进水篦及连接管堵塞均会显著影响雨水口的泄流能力,且后者对雨水口泄流能力的影响更大。②利用试验数据率定了各堵塞情况下水流以堰流或管嘴流形式从雨水口下泄时的流量系数;基于量纲分析及回归分析,给出了各堵塞情况下雨水口泄流能力的幂函数表达式,并利用试验数据对参数进行了率定,率定效果优于堰流或管嘴流公式。③通过与未堵塞情况进行比较,基于幂指数均值假定及非线性拟合方法,建立堵塞系数与堵塞程度之间的经验关系,并最终提出了一个可以分别考虑进水篦与连接管堵塞影响的雨水口泄流能力公式;该公式可以考虑雨水口堰流及管嘴流等不同泄流形式,能够反映进水篦、连接管不同堵塞程度的影响,适用于来流水深较大的情况。 相似文献
18.
区域气候模式是进行流域尺度气候变化研究的重要工具,其中水平分辨率对流域模拟结果的影响亟待评估。本文使用区域气候模式RegCM4,在ERA-Interim再分析资料驱动下,进行2种水平分辨率（50 km和25 km）1990-2010年东亚区域的长时间连续积分模拟。通过与观测资料的对比,评估RegCM4对黄淮海流域的模拟性能,同时分析水平分辨率对模拟结果的影响。结果表明:① 2组模拟均可以较好地再现黄淮海流域冬季、夏季平均气温和降水的空间分布,以及气温和降水的年循环变化;对极端气候事件指数的分布模拟效果也较好,且对与气温有关的极端气候事件指数模拟效果优于与降水有关的极端气候事件指数。②与观测相比,也存在一定的偏差,如模拟的冬季气温存在冷偏差,夏季气温存在暖偏差,冬季、夏季降水在大部分地区偏多等。③ 2组模拟对比来看,对冬季、夏季平均气温的量级和空间分布,25 km模拟与观测更加接近;对冬季、夏季平均降水,50 km模拟与观测的空间相关系数分别为0.86和0.44,较25 km模拟有较大提高;对极端事件,2组模拟差别不大。模拟结果可为后续此版本模式在黄淮海流域气候变化研究中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
19.
Water injection in aquifers to stabilize water level is a novel method to prevent shaft failure. However, with the progression of water injection, the flow rate of water injection decreases gradually. Through analysis, it is considered that the fine particles in sand migrate to form a dense structure, which hinders the increase of water flow. In order to investigate the migration mechanism of fine particles in the aquifer during water injection, experimental tests and numerical simulations were conducted in the present study. First, the physical experiment was designed, and it was shown that the water pressure difference between the two pressure gauges gradually decreased, while the water flow rate per hour slowly decreased. Furthermore, the permeability coefficient of sand near the outlet became smaller and smaller with the migration of fine particles, which indicated that the fine particles among sand grains migrated gradually from the water injection inlet to the outlet. Additionally, the water flow channels formed slowly. Then, the microscopic mechanism of fine particle migration was studied using particle flow code numerical simulation. During water injection, water pressure and porosity of sand decreased from the water injection inlet to the outlet, while the coordination number of particles increased on the whole. Contact force chain gradually strengthened near the outlet side during water injection. The trends of force chain distribution, the coordination number distributions and the evolution of porosity were consistent, which highlighted the process of fine particles migrating from the injection inlet to the outlet in the aquifer.
相似文献20.
基于有限元分析法,建立了准三维非稳态传热模型。在试验验证的基础上,分析了跨季节蓄热型地源热泵蓄热过程中土壤温度、单位井深换热量、热作用半径随热泵运行时间的变化规律,讨论了土壤结构、入口水温、入口质量流量、热泵运行模式等对土壤传热规律的影响,并研究了土壤热平衡问题。结果表明:同一半径不同深度处,土壤温度增长幅度随土壤热扩散率的增加而增大;土壤热作用半径随热泵运行时间及入口水温的升高而增加,并逐渐趋于稳定;间歇运行模式下,地埋管附近土壤温度及换热量均呈波动式变化,且当径向距离大于0.3 m时,与连续模式一致;在满足换热量的情况下,流体质量流量不宜过大;系统运行一个周期（360 d）后土壤温度基本可以恢复,且流体入口温度不宜低于40 ℃。 相似文献