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1.
Kenneth L. Verosub 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1977,36(1):219-230
Paleomagnetic measurements have been made on a continuously sampled, 5-m section of a core from Clear Lake, California. The sediments studied span an 8000-year interval centered at 25,000 years B.P., the approximate date of the large-scale, counterclockwise loop of the magnetic vector recorded in sediments from Mono Lake, California. The data from Mono Lake have been interpreted as a geomagnetic excursion with a duration of 600–1000 years. Because Clear Lake is only 320 km from Mono Lake and since each sample from Clear Lake represents 26 years of sedimentation, the magnetic signature of the Mono Lake geomagnetic excursion should be recorded in detail in the Clear Lake samples. Aside from a generally uniform shallowing of inclinations due to compaction, the paleomagnetic record from Clear Lake contains no anomalous features which would correspond to the Mono Lake excursion. Thus it has yet to be shown that the Mono Lake excursion was recorded anywhere besides Mono Lake. Even if the existence of the excursion is ultimately confirmed, its usefulness as a magnetostratigraphic horizon is limited. 相似文献
2.
G. A. Pospelova L. V. Golovanova Z. V. Sharonova V. V. Semenov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(7):585-597
As a result of detailed paleomagnetic and magnetic studies of Paleolithic site deposits in the Matuzka Cave, a record of the Matuzka geomagnetic excursion in lithologic layer 7 has been discovered and studied. Such characteristic features as the geomagnetic field direction, position of the virtual geomagnetic pole, geomagnetic field intensity (roughly estimated) after and during the excursion, and climatic conditions coeval with its existence make the Matuzka excursion similar to the ～130-ka Blake excursion. This dates at ～130 ka the formation of layer 7 with ancient archaeological findings. 相似文献
3.
The late Pleistocene geomagnetic field as recorded by sediments from Fargher Lake,Washington, U.S.A.
Measurement of the remanent magnetization of a 6.88-m oriented core of soft sediments and tephras from Fargher Lake near Mount St. Helens in southwestern Washington State shows that no significant geomagnetic reversals were recorded in the sediments of the lake. Radiocarbon and palynological dating of the tephra layers from the lake bed indicates deposition during the interval 17, 000–34, 000 years B.P. although geochemical correlation of a prominent tephra layer in the core with tephra set C of Mount St. Helens could mean that the maximum age of the sediments may be at least 36, 000 years B.P. The core was divided into specimens 0.02 m long, each representing approximately 55 years of deposition assuming a constant rate of sedimentation. Pilot alternating field demagnetization studies of every tenth specimen indicated a strong, stable remanence with median destructive field of 15 mT, and the remaining specimens were subsequently demagnetized in fields of this strength. The mean inclination for all specimens exclusive of the unstably magnetized muck and peat from near the surface is 56.1° which is 8° shallower than the present axial dipole field at this site, perhaps because of inclination error in the detrital remanent magnetization of the sediments, although because of the variability in the data, this departure from the axial dipole field may not be significant. The ranges of inclination and declination are comparable to those of normal secular variation at northern latitudes. Although three isolated specimens have remanence with negative inclination, these anomalous directions are due to sampling and depositional effects. Measurement of a second core of 6.86 m length also revealed only normal magnetic polarity, but this result is of little stratigraphic value as this core failed to penetrate the distinctive tephra found near the base of the former core.Studies of a concentrate of the magnetic minerals in the sediments by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the primary magnetic constituent is an essentially pure magnetite of detrital origin. The magnetite occurs in a wide range of grain sizes with much of it of sub-multidomain size (< 15 μm).As a whole, this study provides substantial evidence against the existence of large-scale worldwide geomagnetic reversals during the time interval of Fargher Lake sedimentation, a segment of geological time for which many excursions and reversals have been reported elsewhere. 相似文献
4.
Paleomagnetic and/or micropaleontological studies have been carried out on approximately 28 sedimentary cores of latest Pleistocene age from the Gulf of Mexico. Sedimentation rates range from 9 cm to 20 cm/1000 yr. A distinct excursion in the earth's magnetic field occurs in the upper parts of 8 of 15 cores for which paleomagnetic studies were conducted and is independently correlated with planktonic foraminiferal zones. An inclination change to zero or negative inclination is often associated with a declination change. The age of the excursion was determined by extrapolation of sedimentation rates from the Z-Y paleontological boundary which is dated at 11,000 B.P. The magnetic excursion occurred between 12,500 and 17,000 yr ago within the upper part of zone Y. This falls within the age range of the Laschamp Event as originally defined. 相似文献
5.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2007,253(1-2):172-195
The Earth's magnetic field changed its polarity from the last reversed into today's normal state approximately 780 000 years ago. While before and after this so called Matuyama/Brunhes reversal, the Earth magnetic field was essentially an axial dipole, the details of its transitional structure are still largely unknown. Here, a Bayesian inversion method is developed to reconstruct the spherical harmonic expansion of this transitional field from paleomagnetic data. This is achieved by minimizing the total variational power at the core–mantle boundary during the transition under paleomagnetic constraints. The validity of the inversion technique is proved in two ways. First by inverting synthetic data sets from a modeled reversal. Here it is possible to reliably reconstruct the Gauss coefficients even from noisy records. Second by iteratively combining four geographically distributed high quality paleomagnetic records of the Matuyama/Brunhes reversal into a single geometric reversal scenario without assuming an a priori common age model. The obtained spatio-temporal reversal scenario successfully predicts most independent Matuyama/Brunhes transitional records. Therefore, the obtained global reconstruction based on paleomagnetic data invites to compare the inferred transitional field structure with results from numerical geodynamo models regarding the morphology of the transitional field. It is found that radial magnetic flux patches form at the equator and move polewards during the transition. Our model indicates an increase of non-dipolar energy prior to the last reversal and a non-dipolar dominance during the transition. Thus, the character and information of surface geomagnetic field records is strongly site dependent. The reconstruction also offers new answers to the question of existence of preferred longitudinal bands during the transition and to the problem of reversal duration. Different types of directional variations of the surface geomagnetic field, continuous or abrupt, are found during the transition. Two preferred longitudinal bands along the Americas and East Asia are not predicted for uniformly distributed sampling locations on the globe. Similar to geodynamo models with CMB heatflux derived from present day lower mantle heterogeneities, a preference of transitional VGPs for the Pacific hemisphere is found. The paleomagnetic duration of reversals shows not only a latitudinal, but also a longitudinal variation. Even the paleomagnetically determined age of the reversal varies significantly between different sites on the globe. The described Bayesian inversion technique can easily be applied to other high quality full vector reversal records. Also its extension to inversion of secular variation and excursion data is straightforward. 相似文献
6.
根据昌黎地震台3年多的实际观测资料,对208#CTM—DI磁通门经纬仪的稳定性进行了初步分析,结果显示：仪器格值标定和稳定性良好,但零场漂移S0较大,应予调整。反映磁通门探头磁轴不重合度的水平角度δ和垂直角度ε总体较稳定。 相似文献
7.
The detrital remanent magnetism of a series of deep-sea sediment cores from the Gulf of Mexico has been measured. Together with microfaunal analysis, the data show that excursions of the geomagnetic field occurred at 17,000 ± 1500years B.P. and32,000 ± 1500 years B.P. It is suggested that the former may be the Laschamp excursion and that the latter may be the Lake Mungo excursion. No similar geomagnetic behavior is detected for the past 50,000 years. Sedimentation rates as high as 19 cm per 1000 years are indicated.Susceptibility (χ) maxima in the cores are due to tephra layers. Correlation between the intensity of magnetization (J) and χ shows that variations of intensity are more a function of ferrimagnetic mineral concentrations than geomagnetic field intensity variations. 相似文献
8.
We study magnetic field variations in numerical models of the geodynamo, with convection driven by nonuniform heat flow imposed at the outer boundary. We concentrate on cases with a boundary heat flow pattern derived from seismic anomalies in the lower mantle. At a Rayleigh number of about 100 times critical with respect to the onset of convection, the magnetic field is dominated by the axial dipole component and has a similar spectral distribution as Earth’s historical magnetic field on the core-mantle boundary (CMB). The time scales of variation of the low-order Gauss coefficients in the model agree within a factor of two with observed values. We have determined the averaging time interval needed to delineate deviations from the axial dipole field caused by the boundary heterogeneity. An average over 2000 years (the archeomagnetic time scale) is barely sufficient to reveal the long-term nondipole field. The model shows reduced scatter in virtual geomagnetic pole positions (VGPs) in the central Pacific, consistent with the weak secular variation observed in the historical field. Longitudinal drift of magnetic field structures is episodic and differs between regions. Westward magnetic drift is most pronounced beneath the Atlantic in our model. Although frozen flux advection by the large-scale flow is generally insufficient to explain the magnetic drift rates, there are some exceptions. In particular, equatorial flux spot pairs produced by expulsion of toroidal magnetic field are rapidly advected westward in localized equatorial jets which we interpret as thermal winds. 相似文献
9.
O. V. Pilipenko N. Abrahamsen V. M. Trubikhin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(4):344-356
Petro-and paleomagnetic methods are applied to the study of the upper part of the Late Pleistocene Tuzla section (Azov coast of the Taman Peninsula) composed of continental sediments and dated at 50–10 ka. The detailed curves of the angular components of the geomagnetic field obtained in this study display an anomalous direction coinciding in time (～25–35 ka) with an anomalous horizon discovered in rocks of the Roxolany section (Ukraine). According to the world time scale of geomagnetic excursions, the anomalous direction correlates with the Mono Lake excursion. A significant correlation between the time series NRM0.015/SIRM (Tuzla section) and NRM250/KB (Roxolany section) in the interval 50–10 ka and the world composite curves VADM-21 and Sint-800 implies that, in this time interval, the curve NRM0.015/SIRM reflects the variation in the relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field. 相似文献
10.
D. M. Pechersky B. Z. Asanidze D. K. Nourgaliev Z. N. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2009,45(2):134-149
Petromagnetic and magnetostratigraphic characteristics are obtained for the Tetritskaro section. The boundary layer at the Mesozoic/Cenozoic (K/T) boundary is fixed primarily by an abrupt rise in the paramagnetic magnetization (total Fe concentration) and, to a lesser degree, by an increase in the concentration of such magnetic minerals as goethite, hemoilmenite, and magnetite. The along-section distribution of titanomagnetite of volcanic origin and metallic iron of cosmic origin does not correlate with the K/T boundary and lithologic properties of the sediments.The boundary of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological eras lies within the reversed polarity chron C29r and is marked by an abrupt rise in the geomagnetic field paleointensity and an instability of paleomagnetic directions, rather than by a polarity change. The accumulation time of the boundary clay layer is about 1.5–2 kyr, while abrupt changes in the paleointensity and direction of the geomagnetic field encompass 30–40 kyr. Such long occurrence intervals of the events in question cannot be related to a short-term impact phenomenon. 相似文献
11.
Summary Using palaeomagnetic investigations of sedimentary rocks and particularly lake sediments, changes of the geomagnetic field and geomagnetic poles were determined over a period of the last 40 000 years. The correlations between geomagnetic, climatic and meteorological phenomena were investigated with the object of demonstrating the function of the geomagnetic pole and changes in its positions in forming the climate and weather. A tentative model has been proposed to enable the causes of the generation of glacial and interglacial periods, as well as the causes effecting changes of weather to be explained. The possibilities of man-made meliorations of the climate in certain regions are also discussed.Presented at the XVI Gen.Assembly IUGG, Grenoble 1975. 相似文献
12.
A palaeomagnetic record of geomagnetic secular variation during the last 7000 years has been obtained from the sediments of Loch Lomond, Scotland. The magnetic direction fluctuations repeat well between cores and show greater detail, especially over the last 5000 years, than other European records. A time scale has been derived from14C analyses on the Lomond sediment and comparison with other14C-dated sediments. Investigation of relative palaeointensity determination methods has shown that the widely used normalization parameter of partial ARM is insensitive to even small sediment grain size fluctuations.The new high-fidelity direction record and improved time scale show that geomagnetic field changes have not followed a simple oscillatory pattern during the last 7000 years. The record enhances the application of palaeomagnetism to dating recent sediments, as the main declination swings are now characterized by fine detail, and paired inclination data are also available. The problem of mismatching swings when correlating with other paired directional records is thus reduced.The palaeomagnetic record agrees well with some archaeomagnetic results. It confirms the period of anticlockwise motion of the geomagnetic field vector, between 1000 and 600 years B.P., which was first documented by English archaeomagnetic investigations. Clockwise motion is shown to predominate during the remainder of the last 5500 years. The VGP path does not correlate with that of Japanese archaeomagnetic results nor North American sediment data from 2000 to 0 years B.P. This suggests that the secular changes are dominated by local non-dipole sources rather than wobbling of the main geomagnetic dipole. 相似文献
13.
E. G. Gus’kova O. M. Raspopov V. A. Dergachev A. G. Iosifidi G. V. Sinitsyna 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(5):675-683
A paleomagnetic study of sediments at the Baranova Gora and Podol III/1 archaeological sites, located near Lake Volgo on the northwestern Central Russian Upland (56.9°N, 33.2°E), was performed. The paleomagnetic studies at both sites for the first time revealed the development of the Gothenburg geomagnetic excursion (dated 13000-12350 BP) in this region. This made it possible to specify the time interval when the Alleroed climatic phase started developing on the Central Russian Upland. 相似文献
14.
S. V. Starchenko 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(3):409-414
The large-scale harmonic magnetic-convective sources of the main geomagnetic field in the Earth’s core have been determined
for the first time. The determination is based on a complete system of eigenfunctions of the magnetic diffusion equation in
a homogeneously conducting sphere, which is surrounded by an insulator. The sources of the main geomagnetic field observed,
which is responsible for the distribution of the electric currents generating this field in the core, are expressed in terms
of large-scale eigenfunctions. In this case, the dipole sources are directly related to the observed geomagnetic dipole, whereas
the quadrupole sources are related to the quadrupole, etc. The time variations in the obtained sources are responsible for
individual spatiotemporal features in the generation or suppression of each Gaussian component of the observed geomagnetic
field. When the commonly accepted observational international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF) models were used to partially
reveal these time variations, it became possible to specify the estimate of the Earth’s core conductivity and determine the
minimum period that can separate us from the commencement of further inversion or excursion. 相似文献
15.
Genrietta A. Pospelova Elżbieta Król Galina M. Levkovskaya Jadwiga Kruczyk Magdalena Kądziałko-Hofmokl Sergey A. Kulakov 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(4):619-639
The paper presents the results of experimental rock-magnetic, paleomagnetic and palynologic study of Paleolithic sediments
sampled along two profiles in the Akhshtyrskaya cave, situated in the vicinity of Black Sea shore. In the upper part of profiles,
some magnetite was observed; in the middle and lower parts, strongly oxidized non-stoichiometric magnetite and hematite prevail.
Thin maghemite covers on the surface of fine magnetite grains are present in the majority of specimens. Natural remanence
has one characteristic component (CHRM), mostly of chemical origin, although in few specimens containing magnetite it may
be sedimentary. Directions of CHRM obtained by standard paleomagnetic methods revealed anomalous pattern only in layer 3/2,
which is slightly older than the overlying layer 3/1 whose age was established as (35±2)×103 years BP by the U-Th method. This suggests that this paleomagnetic anomaly (PMA) can be correlated with Kargapolovo excursion
dated on about (45−39)×103 years BP. In the remaining overlying and underlying layers, directions of CHRM are grouped around the present geomagnetic
field. Depth distributions of scalar magnetic parameters generally coincide with the lithological division of the profiles.
Palynologic study revealed the presence of 22 pollen zones. Five thermomers separated with colder periods were found in the
middle and lower parts of profile. The non-magnetite composition of magnetic fraction of the majority of studied sediments
— oxidized nonstoichiometric magnetite and hematite — resulted in the lack of correlations between paleoclimatic and scalar
magnetic characteristics. 相似文献
16.
地球磁场相对强度研究现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2
对利用沉积物确定地球磁场相对强度的实验方法进行了综述评述，在些基础上本文总结了目前常用的恢复沉复沉积物记录古强度的方法，重点介绍了全新世、晚更新世和布容时地球磁场相对强度变化特征，评价了环境因素对沉积物记录地球磁场相对强度的影响。对未来有关地球磁场相对强度研究发展趋势提出了借鉴。 相似文献
17.
The South Atlantic magnetic Anomaly (SAA) is an important feature of the present geomagnetic field. In this paper we model the space–time evolution of this anomaly over the past 400 years in terms of the resultant between a decrease of a global axial dipole and an increase of a virtual local monopole source. Certain characteristics of this evolution are investigated and some considerations are made in the light of a possible special state of the global geomagnetic field dynamical regime. Among the possible speculations, one is made regarding the topography of the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and its possible aspect beneath the SAA region in terms of simple sinusoidal undulations met by the monopole source during its centennial motion. 相似文献
18.
Nonlinear modification of the plasma magnetospheric density near the dayside magnetospheric boundary, caused by the ponderomotive force induced by ULF geomagnetic pulsations, has been studied analytically and numerically. An expression for the ponderomotive force, which differs from the previous similar results, has been obtained. It has been indicated that the well-known Pitaevskii formula for magnetic moment is incomplete. The action of the ponderomotive, gravitational, and centrifugal forces on magnetospheric plasma modification in a two-dipole geomagnetic field according to the (Antonova and Shabanskii, 1968) model has been considered. 相似文献
19.
An estimate of late Pleistocene geomagnetic intensity variation from Sulu Sea sediments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David A. Schneider 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1993,120(3-4):301-310
Sediments from Site 769 of the Ocean Drilling Program's Leg 124 provide a record of geomagnetic intensity variation over the past 110 ky. Using continous shipboard measurements exclusively, I estimate the variation in the geomagnetic field strength by employing low-field magnetic susceptibility as a normalization parameter for the measured remanence intensity. By calibrating the resultant relative paleointensity record against previously available Holocene age estimates of absolute paleointensity, I derive an estimate of virtual dipole moment since 110 ka. The record obtained from these Sulu Sea sediments is strikingly like that previously obtained from sediments of a similar age in the Mediterranean Basin with distinct intervals of low intensity near 15, 20, 40 and 65–70 ka. The Sulu sediments also indicate a low-intensity feature near 108 ka. Important differences in paleointensity estimates obtained from these different regions for the interval between 30 and 20 ka suggest that a relatively large non-dipolar component of the geomagnetic field might have been present at that time. 相似文献
20.
V. A. Dergachev S. S. Vasiliev O. M. Raspopov H. Jungner 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2012,52(8):959-976
Recent studies have shown that, in addition to the role of solar variability, past climate changes may have been connected with variations in the Earth??s magnetic field elements at various timescales. An analysis of variations in geomagnetic field elements, such as field intensity, reversals, and excursions, allowed us to establish a link between climate changes at various timescales over the last millennia. Of particular interest are sharp changes in the geomagnetic field intensity and short reversals of the magnetic poles (excursions). The beginning and termination of the examined geomagnetic excursions can be attributed to periods of climate change. In this study, we analyzed the possible link between short-term geomagnetic variability (jerks) and climate change, as well as the accelerated drift of the north magnetic pole and surface temperature variations. The results do not rule out the possibility that geomagnetic field variations which modulate the cosmic ray flux could have played a major role in climate change in addition to previously induced by solar radiation. 相似文献