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本文首先对被研究对象水平冲击予及土体做了若干假设，并在此基础上建立起力学模型，然后找出研究对象所有受力并对它们进行分析，简化，最后从力学角度对水平冲击矛钻进轨迹进行了分析。 相似文献
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冲击矛技术作为非开挖技术的一个重要手段,由于其自身所具有的一些优势而被广泛采用。但是,冲击矛从其形成产品到现在,在施工时方向是不可控的,而可控冲击矛目前国内外还没有成形产品。欲使冲击矛的钻进方向可控,可以改变冲击矛的方向,使钻头轴线与冲击器轴线存在一定夹角是一个有效的办法。影响可控冲击矛轨迹变化的因素很多,由于目前没有成形冲击矛,因此,制做可控冲击矛的模型来进行模拟试验。通过试验去发现可控冲击矛轨迹的曲率半径变化与上述各种影响因素之间的关系,并通过建立数学模型来说明。 相似文献
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基于虚拟样机技术,利用SimulationX软件对应用于RPH系列双向气动冲击矛的正反气动冲击机构建立了系统仿真模型,在模型上进行了一系列的仿真模拟,得到了冲击机构工作参数的变化过程,比如活塞的冲击速度曲线、冲击力曲线等,揭示了其内部结构的工作状态。通过仿真模拟分析,找到了影响冲击机构性能的主要结构参数。通过一组模拟,选取了影响冲击机构性能的主要参数的最恰当值,对设计进行了优化。 相似文献
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In order to elucidate the genesis of green and orange glasses in Apollo 15 and Apollo 17 samples of lunar rocks, two alternative hypotheses are analyzed, according to which the glasses are produced either (1) by a comet or meteorite impact (impact model) or (2) by volcanic activity (volcanic model). The green and orange glasses are clearly genetically and petrochemically autonomous, i.e., the composition of the glasses themselves differs from those of the major types of the primary rocks. The mechanisms responsible for the origin of the glasses are analyzed along with mathematical models of their genesis. The theoretically calculated size distribution of glass particles is in good agreement with those measured in Apollo 15 and Apollo 17 samples. Simulation results and the analysis of the composition and structure of the green and orange glasses lead to the conclusion that the impact hypothesis of their genesis is the most realistic. 相似文献
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桩基础对邻近场地冲击荷载的响应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桩基础对邻近场地作用冲击荷载的响应本质上是桩-土组成的体系在冲击荷载下的整体动力相互作用问题。为了研究该问题,采用有限元法模拟冲击荷载引起桩基础的振动。利用通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了有限元-无限元（FE-IFE）耦合分析模型,分析了冲击荷载作用时桩基础动力响应的规律,并对影响桩基础响应的因素进行了探讨。计算结果表明,桩的振动程度取决于冲击荷载作用间距和冲击荷载能量,而冲击荷载作用间距越远,桩的振动波长越长。 相似文献
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层析分析法在高速公路生态环境影响评价中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过介绍层次分析法的基本原理、步骤和计算方法,将层析分析法应用到高速公路生态环境影响评价研究中,以宝(鸡)天(水)高速公路为例,将此方法运用在公路生态环境影响评价的方案比选问题中进行分析.评价结果表明:层次分析法不仅是处理公路建设生态环境影响评价中方案比选问题的有效手段,而且提高了权重定量的理性成分,其评价结果与实际结果具有较好的一致性.最后论述层析分析法在高速公路生态环境评价中的优缺点,以此为今后高速公路生态环境影响评价研究提供参考依据. 相似文献
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农地利用变化假说与相关的环境效应命题 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
将用途转移和集约度升降这两种类型的土地利用变化整合在一个过程中,解释变化机制的理论,有古典经济学的地租理论,还有若干理论性假说。这些假说又常常与一些土地利用的环境效应命题联系在一起,扩充为解释人地关系的假说。综述了解释农地利用变化的四大假说（包括基于马尔萨斯人口论的土地面积持续扩张假说、博斯鲁普的需求诱发型集约化假说、吉尔茨的集约度弹性假说、土地利用粗放化假说）和农地利用环境效应的三大命题（包括农地面积扩张造成土地退化、优质土地的集约化间接促使生态脆弱地区环境改善、农地利用粗放化和弃耕促使环境和生态恢复）,以及围绕这些假说和命题的争论和实证研究,旨在为土地利用变化的情景构建、模型模拟及愿景设计提供学术依据。 相似文献
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Saskia Van Vuren Huib J. De. Vriend Sonja Ouwerkerk Matthijs Kok 《Natural Hazards》2005,36(1-2):81-102
River flooding is a problem of international interest. In the past few years many countries suffered from severe floods. A large part of the Netherlands is below sea level and river levels. The Dutch flood defences along the river Rhine are designed for water levels with a probability of exceedance of 1/1250 per year. These water levels are computed with a hydrodynamic model using a deterministic bed level and a deterministic design discharge. Traditionally, the safety against flooding in the Netherlands is obtained by building and reinforcing dikes. Recently, a new policy was proposed to cope with increasing design discharges in the Rhine and Meuse rivers. This policy is known as the Room for the River (RfR) policy, in which a reduction of flood levels is achieved by measures creating space for the river, such as dike replacement, side channels and floodplain lowering. As compared with dike reinforcement, these measures may have a stronger impact on flow and sediment transport fields, probably leading to stronger morphological effects. As a result of the latter the flood conveyance capacity may decrease over time. An a priori judgement of safety against flooding on the basis of an increased conveyance capacity of the river can be quite misleading. Therefore, the determination of design water levels using a fixed-bed hydrodynamic model may not be justified and the use of a mobile-bed approach may be more appropriate. This problem is addressed in this paper, using a case study of the river Waal (one of the Rhine branches in the Netherlands). The morphological response of the river Waal to a flood protection measure (floodplain lowering in combination with summer levee removal) is analysed. The effect of this measure is subject to various sources of uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to calculate the impact of uncertainties in the river discharge on the bed levels. The impact of the “uncertain” morphological response on design flood level predictions is analysed for three phenomena, viz. the impact of the spatial morphological variation over years, the impact of the seasonal morphological variation and the impact of the morphological variability around bifurcation points. The impact of seasonal morphological variations turns out to be negligible, but the other two phenomena appear to have each an appreciable impact (order of magnitude 0.05–0.1 m) on the computed design water levels. We have to note however, that other sources of uncertainty (e.g. uncertainty in hydraulic roughness predictor), which may be of influence, are not taken into consideration. In fact, the present investigation is limited to the sensitivity of the design water levels to uncertainties in the predicted bed level. 相似文献
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Eran Feitelson 《Geoforum》1996,27(4):527-537
While many studies have analyzed EIS procedures, only a few have analyzed EISs as part of the development process. When viewed from this perspective, EISs are shown to have a skewing effect on territorial development; they address mainly infrastructure projects, and consequently delay them, but hardly touch any of the residential projects which the infrastructure is designed to serve. This discrepancy can have deleterious consequences due to residential encroachment on various infrastructure facilities, as well as due to the growing shortfall of transport and environmental infrastructure. When EISs are analyzed in terms of project area, areas where impacts and benefits are felt, and administrative control zones, it becomes apparent that the impacts and benefits analyzed may be affected by the spatial scope of administrative control and project areas. A case in point is the ‘Kalanit’ landfill in Israel. Here the benefit and impact areas analyzed in the EIS were affected by the jurisdiction of the committee that requested the EIS and to which it was submitted. This discrepancy between benefit, impact and administrative control areas is also at the source of the emerging interest in cross-boundary EIA. 相似文献
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Indoor air quality attracts great interest. Many dwellings are ventilated naturally. The article presents the gravity system conversion into individual air supply system, which can be equipped with air fan. This solution’s impact on the interior microclimate was analyzed. The proposed solution uses the lower natural ventilation ducts sections, which are not normally used as air supply channels to bring air to the housing. Exhaust grilles were located in the adjacent rooms. Individual air supply system with switched off fan improves indoor air quality insufficiently; however, switching on the device causes a very significant change. A large carbon dioxide concentration reduction (which was used as an air quality indicator) has been confirmed by rigorous statistical analysis, the results of which were presented in the article. 相似文献
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Dao-Yuan Tan Jian-Hua Yin Jie-Qiong Qin Zhuo-Hui Zhu Wei-Qiang Feng 《Landslides》2018,15(12):2487-2497
Flexible barriers have been widely applied in rockfall mitigation in recent years. However, the behavior of flexible barriers under the impact of boulders is still not fully understood. To investigate the interaction between a flexible barrier and a falling boulder, a large-scale physical modeling device has been constructed at a site in Hong Kong. Using this device, large-scale impact tests using boulders with different diameters were conducted. Test results are presented and analyzed in this paper. The motion of the boulder during impact is traced and analyzed. The impact forces on the flexible ring net and the supporting structures are measured and compared. From the comparison, the impact reduction rates (IRR) of boulders with different diameters are calculated. Moreover, a simple approach for estimating the impact loading of a boulder on a flexible barrier is proposed in this study. This approach is calibrated and verified using measured impact forces in the tests. 相似文献
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Stakeholders’ perceptions of the impacts of invasive exotic plant species in the Mediterranean region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Invasive species pose an increasing environmental problem across the globe, but to date socio-economic perspectives on this
problem have been limited. In this study stakeholder perceptions of the impacts of invasive exotic plant species on the islands
of Mallorca, Sardinia and Crete are examined through the use of semi-structured interviews, Likert scales and Contingent Valuation.
Results showed substantial concerns about the impact of invasive exotic plant species on the islands, particularly on Mallorca
where awareness of the issue has increased in recent times due to campaigns to eradicate terrestrial and aquatic invasive
plants. Not all perceptions are negative and several respondents suggest that a turnover in local species is an inherent part
of the sense of the place in the region. If the management of invasive exotic plant species in the Mediterranean region is
to improve then there is a need to raise awareness of the impact of invasive species amongst both the general public and professional
stakeholders. 相似文献
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骨化学分析在古人类食物结构演化研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
古人类食物结构演化的研究,是探索人类起源和进化的重要组成部分。骨化学分析是探索古人类食物结构的主要方法,也是最为有效的方法。在概述骨化学分析原理的基础上,详细介绍了如何运用该方法了解古人类（南方古猿、人属、尼安德特人、欧洲现代人）的食物结构,并通过与现代黑猩猩的食物结构比较,揭示了从猿至人食物结构的演化过程,探讨了古人类食物结构的演变对人类进化的深刻影响。此外,提出了目前研究中尚存的2个重要问题及已有的解决方法。之后,评述了我国古人类食物结构的研究现状,并展望了古人类食物结构研究的前景。 相似文献