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1.
Three sediment cores were taken from the Pearl River estuary and adjacent northern South China Sea (SCS). These sediment cores span the time interval 1900–2000 AD. The stratigraphy of the concentration, the ratio of total organic carbon (TOC) to total nitrogen (TN) and stable isotope (δ13Corg) of organic carbon (OC) from three high-resolution sediment cores were analyzed. The stratigraphic profiles of OC concentration, TOC/TN ratios and δ13Corg for the near past 100 yrs indicate that terrestrial organic matter decreases from 68.3% to 27.4% of the TOC in the Pearl River estuary, while Dapeng Bay (offshore east of Hong Kong) apparently had throughout little terrestrial organic matter input. The highest deposited OC occurs at the Humen River mouth and the OC concentrations are higher in the outer estuary than in the inner shelf of the northern SCS. The deposited OC at the River mouth increased with time, which could be caused by the high precipitation of land-derived organic matter and the high input of terrestrial organic matter, which is likely related to the rapid urbanization and industrial development in the Pearl River Delta since the 1970s. The OC concentrations did not exhibit an obvious increase with time in most areas of the Pear River estuary and adjacent inner shelf of the SCS, but the algal-derived OC concentration inferred from the δ13Corg values increased with time especially from 1980 to 2000 in the outer Pearl River estuary and Dapeng Bay. This increase is presumably caused by enhanced primary marine productivity supported by higher anthropogenic nutrient inputs.  相似文献   

2.
珠江口表层沉积物的重矿物分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本文研究了珠江口表层沉积物中约200个样品的矿物,着重分析重矿物的组合、含量变化,形态特征等,把珠江口重矿物的平面分布划为五个重矿物区。指出珠江口为现代陆源物质充填的河口湾,沉积环境控制了重矿物的特征、分布及分区,重矿物沉积过程的规律性,可供寻找地质时期和现代的浅海(古滨海)砂矿借鉴。  相似文献   

3.
Oxygen isotope profiles along the growth axis of fossil bivalve shells of Macoma calcarea were established to reconstruct hydrographical changes in the eastern Laptev Sea since 8400 cal yr B.P.. The variability of the oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in the individual records is mainly attributed to variations in the salinity of bottom waters in the Laptev Sea with a modern ratio of 0.50‰/salinity. The high-resolution δ18O profiles exhibit distinct and annual cycles from which the seasonal and annual salinity variations at the investigated site can be reconstructed. Based on the modern analogue approach oxygen isotope profiles of radiocarbon-dated bivalve shells from a sediment core located northeast of the Lena Delta provide seasonal and subdecadal insights into past hydrological conditions and their relation to the Holocene transgressional history of the Laptev Sea shelf. Under the assumption that the modern relationship between δ18Ow and salinity has been constant throughout the time, the δ18O of an 8400-cal-yr-old bivalves would suggest that bottom-water salinity was reduced and the temperature was slightly warmer, both suggesting a stronger mixture of riverine water to the bottom water. Reconstruction of the inundation history of the Laptev Sea shelf indicates local sea level ∼27 m below present at this time and a closer proximity of the site to the coastline and the Lena River mouth. Due to continuing sea level rise and a southward retreat of the river mouth, bottom-water salinity increased at 7200 cal yr B.P. along with an increase in seasonal variability. Conditions comparable to the modern hydrography were achieved by 3800 cal yr B.P.  相似文献   

4.
珠江口磨刀门枯季水文特征及河口动力过程   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文
根据磨刀门2003年12月9~15日的大、中潮同步水文观测资料,分析了磨刀门枯季的潮汐、潮流、余流、悬移质含沙量、盐度等水文特征,并对枯季河口动力过程,如咸淡水混合、河口射流等进行了初步研究。在枯季由于径流较弱,潮流成为主要动力。表层由于受径流和风的影响余流基本上沿河道走向向下游,中层以下有稳定的向上的余流存在。枯季磨刀门含沙量较小(<1 kg/m3),盐度在平面上和垂向上均有一定变化。磨刀门枯季咸淡水混合类型为缓混合型,各站盐度分层参数均在0.01~1.0。从实测流速的分布情况来看,河口下层有反向的水流,存在明显的因密度差而形成的密度环流。根据枯季实测资料计算所得的密度弗劳德数,磨刀门枯季以浮力射流为主。  相似文献   

5.
珠江口盆地的沉积充填与珠江的形成演变   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
沉积物元素地球化学分析表明,南海北部地区沉积物渐新统与中新统明显不同,两者之间存在物源突变事件。这一沉积地质事件在时间上与南海扩张轴发生跳跃、滇西高原以及东喜马拉雅构造结的快速隆升等一系列地质构造事件十分吻合,是珠江以及珠江口盆地搬运—沉积—充填演化史上一次重大的转变。Ca/Si、CIA以及Al2O3等参数变化显示,珠江侵蚀区极有可能由渐新世近源硅酸盐为主的华南沿海地区拓展为中新世远达青藏高原东麓的云贵高原碳酸盐为主的地区,流域范围突然扩大。同时伴随沉积物供给增大,造成珠江口盆地从渐新世富砂为主的沉积堆积体系转变为中新世以来以泥为主的沉积堆积体系,显示出珠江的发育演化以及中新世以来的青藏高原隆升在南海北部的沉积充填演变中扮演了重要角色,对南海北部地区油气藏的形成影响深远。  相似文献   

6.
珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  
蓝先洪 《沉积学报》1996,14(2):155-162
本文根据钻孔资料和沉积分析资料，研究和探讨了珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征及其沉积层的形成过程。结果表明，珠江三角洲晚第四纪具有两个陆相－海陆过渡相的沉积旋回；在两个沉积旋回之间，包含了一个海退过程。珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积层是由晚更新世和全新世两套海进河床充填层序和海退进积层序构成。  相似文献   

7.
Three estuaries near Naples, Florida with variably modified watersheds have been investigated to understand the chemical consequences of altering drainage patterns. Blackwater River (near natural drainage, control site), Henderson Creek (moderately modified watershed), and Faka-Union Canal (severe channelization) were sampled for temperature, salinity, δ18O, δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), molality of CO2 (ΣCO2), and Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios between freshwater and marine water end members over a 17-mo period. Carbon isotope composition followed similar seasonal patterns as salinity. Freshwater and seawater end members are more negative than the global average, likely reflecting equilibration with local carbon sources derived from mangrove leaf litter and groundwater. δ13C responds to differences in primary productivity between estuaries. Henderson Creek has higher primary productivity than Blackwater River (probable due to higher sewage input and agricultural runoff) and has more positive δ13C and lower ΣCO2. δ18O is affected by seasonal input of freshwater from atmospheric precipitation, evaporation, and groundwater. Late summer and fall rains lower the δ18O of estuarine water, whereas evaporative conditions in the dry season elevate δ18O to values that can be more positive upstream than those from the Gulf of Mexico (estuarine inversion). Evaporation produces water in the Gulf of Mexico that is >1‰ more positive than the global sea surface average most of the year. The very negative δ18O values in Blackwater River and Henderson Creek likely reflect atmospheric and groundwater contribution. Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios of Gulf water from all three estuaries are similar to global averages at low latitudes. Freshwater end members among estuaries are different in that Blackwater River has higher ratios, suggesting a groundwater contribution. Dolomitic rocks in the subsurface likely provide a source of Mg ions.  相似文献   

8.
Accelerating eutrophication manifest as increasing frequency and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms threatens living resources in many estuaries. Effects of large blooms can be difficult to document because blooms are often unexpected and do not always coincide with scheduled sampling programs. Here we use continuously monitored salinity distributions and optical properties to study the spring bloom of the red tide dinoflagellate,Prorocentrumminimum, in the Rhode River, Maryland, a tributary embayment of upper Chesapeake Bay. Salinity distributions, together with weekly cruise measurements of nutrient concentrations, indicate that the bloom commenced with an influx of nitrate at the mouth due to the arrival of a freshet from the Susquehanna River. Arrival of this freshet at the mouth set up an unstable, inverse salinity gradient within the Rhode River. Continuously monitored absorption and scattering spectra indicated that increases in chlorophyll within the Rhode River initially were due to the influx of chlorophyll that had developed in the main stem of the bay. After the influx, much higher concentrations and steep spatial gradients developed within the Rhode River, subsequent to reduced mixing that accompanied re-establishment of a normal estuarine salinity gradient. We used the monitored absorption and scattering coefficients to determine the effect of the bloom on light attenuation coefficients in the Rhode River. The bloom resulted in a nearly three-fold increase in attenuation coefficient. Attenuation was dominated by chlorophyll in the early stages of the bloom and by detritus after the termination of the bloom. Although the bloom lasted only 20 d, the elevated attenuation coefficients due to the bloom exceeded values that would permit growth of submersed vascular plants for a period of about 45 d.  相似文献   

9.
A box model based on salinity distributions and freshwater inflow measurements was developed and used to estimate net non-tidal physical circulation and hydraulic residence times for Patuxent River estuary, Maryland, a tributary estuary of Chesapeake Bay. The box model relaxes the usual assumption that salinity is at steady-state, an important improvement over previous box model studies, yet it remains simple enough to have broad appeal. Average monthly 2-dimensional net non-tidal circulation and residence times for 1986–1995 are estimated and related to river flow and salt water inflow as estimated by the box model. An important result is that advective exchange at the estuary mouth was not correlated with Patuxent River flow, most likely due to effects of offshore salinity changes in Chesapeake Bay. The median residence time for freshwater entering at the head of the estuary was 68 d and decreased hyperbolically with increasing river flow to 30 d during high flow. Estimates of residence times for down-estuary points of origin showed that, from the head of the estuary to its mouth, control of flushing changed from primarily river flow to other factors regulating the intensity of gravitational circulation.  相似文献   

10.
Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity.  相似文献   

11.
The concentrations of black carbon (BC) and δ13CBC were determined in sediments of three dated cores from the Pearl River estuary (core PR-3) and adjacent northern South China Sea (cores SS-30, E2). For comparison, the total organic C (TOC) contents and δ13CTOC in the sediments were also measured. Relatively higher concentrations and fluxes of BC were found in sedimentary core PR-3, taken in the Pearl River estuary. The BC concentration profiles or fluxes correlated well with fossil-fuel usage in the Pearl River Delta. Maximum BC fluxes occurred in the late 1970s to early 1980s as recorded in core PR-3, and in the 1950s (core SS-30), reflecting the maximum BC emission in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong region, respectively. After the 1980s, a rapid decrease of BC fluxes and a light δ13CBC excursion were presumably due to improvements in combustion and pollution-control technologies and a shift of energy structure from biomass and coal to a mixture of coal, gas, oil and biomass. The fossil BC that contributed to total BC in core PR-3 increased from 20–30% to 70–80% during the last five decades. The study also shows that BC correlates well with terrestrial organic matter and that the ratio of BC to TOC is a good pollution indicator in relation to anthropogenic activities.  相似文献   

12.
番禺低隆起~白云凹陷北坡地区是珠江口盆地最有利的油气勘探区域之一,目前已经发现了PY30-1、PY34-1、PY35-2、PY35-1和LH19-5等五个气田,天然气地质储量达1 200×108m3。如何在现有的勘探成果基础上进一步拓展勘探领域,对珠江口盆地东部天然气勘探的持续发展有着重要的意义。这里在依托番禺低隆起三维地震资料的前提下,以钻井、测井、地震等原始资料为基础,对本区的岩性电性特征进行分析,进而确定储层含气后在地震属性、AVO、瞬时子波吸收、波阻抗等资料上的响应特征,从而综合运用属性、子波吸收、AVO、反演、圈闭保存条件等多种手段,对目标圈闭的含油气性及储层进行预测。  相似文献   

13.
Construction of the Farakka barrage on the Ganga River in April 1975 to augment water supply to the Calcutta port has brought about a significant increase in freshwater discharge in its distributary, the Hoogly estuary. This has naturally resulted in major changes in the ecology of this estuary, causing modifications in the structure of its fishery resources, fishing pattern, and fish production. This paper presents observations on salinity, plankton, bottom biota, fishery resource, and fish production of different zones of the Hooghly estuary during the period 1982–1992. Comparison with similar studies made before and immediately after commissioning of the Farakka barrage (1975–1977) has revealed that the increased freshwater discharge has resulted in considerable decrease in salinity throughout the estuary. The freshwater zone now extends toward the mouth of the estuary. The true estuarine zone has moved seaward and the marine zone has been restricted to the area near the mouth of the estuary. This has effected major changes in plankton dynamics, sharp decline in the fishery of marine and neritic species in the upper estuary, caused a significant increase in catch ofTenualosa ilisha and an over twofold increase in the average annual fish landings from the estuary as a whole. New zonations have been proposed based on the presently, observed salinity values, which are the most significant factor in determining the fishery of any estuary. An interdisciplinary study of the ecology of the new zones is needed to establish their correct biological characteristics.  相似文献   

14.
Net primary production (NPP) by phytoplankton is a crucial regulator of the carbon cycle and other biological processes in estuaries. Under the impacts of rising sea levels, most estuaries are experiencing increased saltwater intrusion. To determine how these changes in intrusion affect phytoplankton communities and their NPP, a study was performed in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China. The results based on monthly global ocean NPP satellite products from 2003 to 2015 show that NPP generally decreased from the north (the upper outlet) to the south (the estuary mouth) in the PRE, whereas temporally, NPP in the rainy season (April to September) exhibited an inverted V-shaped curve, with a maximum value in July and was generally higher than that in the dry season (October to the following March). Field observations of salinity increased from north to south in the PRE, but phytoplankton species and cell numbers decreased from outlets toward the outer estuary. Further analysis showed that NPP and phytoplankton species were positively correlated (R2?~?0.5), whereas NPP and salinity were negatively correlated (R2?~?0.4). Overall, saltwater intrusion in the dry season increased salinity and changed the phytoplankton species abundance and composition, and it may inhibit phytoplankton growth, thereby decreasing NPP.  相似文献   

15.
The shallow shelf delta/strand arenaceous-pelitic deposit region in the north of the Pearl River mouth basin, sitting on the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea, has already become an important oil production base in China. Recent researched has revealed that a great deal of deep-water fans of great petroleum potentiality exist on the Baiyun deep-water slope below the big paleo Pearl River and its large delta. Based on a  相似文献   

16.
南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  
位于古珠江大河及其浅海陆架富砂珠江三角洲下方的陆坡深水区白云凹陷是沉积大型深水扇的有利地域,宏观认识的进展指导了白云深水陆坡区系统的层序地层学研究,并因此发现了多层序叠置的南海珠江深水扇系统,使其成为具有油气勘探潜力的新领域。南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究包含了以下关键内涵层序地层学解释中在承认各种资料的分辨率、多解性和局限性的同时,强调多学科资料的综合应用、相互印证,强调周期性海平面变化对沉积的控制作用研究,强调地震反射相位等时界面确认的有效性,强调层序界面的反复确认,强调生物地层时代、相对海平面、全球海平面与层序界面的响应研究,强调层序格架内各沉积体的相互响应关系研究等。层序地层格架的建立导致了珠江深水扇系统的发现,揭示了珠江大河流域、陆架区大型珠江三角洲系统与陆坡区珠江深水扇系统的耦合关系,揭示了珠江深水扇与海平面变化的响应关系,揭示了珠江深水扇与古地理的响应关系。珠江深水扇系统的发现有力地推动了南海陆坡深水区的油气勘探。  相似文献   

17.
为监测珠江口河网区水体的盐度变化,基于同步测量的水体黄色物质、盐度和水体表面光谱数据,利用MATLAB分析了水体光谱反射率和黄色物质浓度之间的关系。结果表明:在磨刀门水道,反射率与黄色物质在400nm处的吸收系数g400有较好关系,在R704/R513处,R2=0.70;在虎门水道,g400与反射率比值R703/R488之间也有较强的负相关,R2=0.58。同样,又分析了磨刀门和虎门水道黄色物质吸收系数与表面盐度的关系,都发现了较好的相关性,R2>0.67。根据以上分析,得到了一种珠江口河网区水体表面盐度监测的新方法,并采用中等分辨率成像光谱仪(MERIS)的模拟数据来进行模型验证,结果表明利用MERIS数据对珠江口河网区咸潮进行监测是可行的(均方根误差小于0.308%)。  相似文献   

18.
贾国东  谢宏琴 《地学前缘》2006,13(1):199-204
氧同位素剩余值(Δδ)是指从浮游有孔虫氧同位素中扣除温度和全球冰量效应后得到的剩余值,它一般被用作海水古盐度变化的代用指标。文中给出了南海北部三个柱状样在氧同位素6期至5期(MIS6-5)和MIS2-1期间Δδ的变化曲线。末次冰期与全新世和倒数第二次冰期与末次间冰期的对比表明,Δδ在冰期比随之而来的间冰期低。冰期海平面下降和海岸线前移可能是冰期Δδ及盐度相对降低的原因。但在定量了解海平面下降、珠江口前移及现代盐度的分布情况后,笔者否定了海平面下降对Δδ变化的主要影响。因此,冰期南海地区降水相对增大和气候变湿可能是导致冰期Δδ偏低的主要原因。末次间冰期与全新世相比,Δδ明显增大,表明海水盐度增加。这可能与末次间冰期期间由于表层海水温度较高,厄尔尼诺事件频繁和海水蒸发量较大有关。  相似文献   

19.
The combined geothermal discharge from over 10,000 features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) can be can be estimated from the Cl flux in the Madison, Yellowstone, Falls, and Snake Rivers. Over the last 30 years, the Cl flux in YNP Rivers has been calculated using discharge measurements and Cl concentrations determined in discrete water samples and it has been determined that approximately 12% of the Cl flux exiting YNP is from the Snake River. The relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of Cl and other geothermal solutes was quantified at a monitoring site located downstream from the thermal inputs in the Snake River. Beginning in 2012, continuous (15 min) electrical conductivity measurements have been made at the monitoring site. Combining continuous electrical conductivity and discharge data, the Cl and other geothermal solute fluxes were determined. The 2013–2015 Cl fluxes (5.3–5.8 kt/yr) determined using electrical conductivity are comparable to historical data. In addition, synoptic water samples and discharge data were obtained from sites along the Snake River under low-flow conditions of September 2014. The synoptic water study extended 17 km upstream from the monitoring site. Surface inflows were sampled to identify sources and to quantify solute loading. The Lewis River was the primary source of Cl, Na, K, Cl, SiO2, Rb, and As loads (50–80%) in the Snake River. The largest source of SO4 was from the upper Snake River (50%). Most of the Ca and Mg (50–55%) originate from the Snake Hot Springs. Chloride, Ca, Mg, Na, K, SiO2, F, HCO3, SO4, B, Li, Rb, and As behave conservatively in the Snake River, and therefore correlate well with conductivity (R2 ≥ 0.97).  相似文献   

20.
Evaluating the effects of anthropogenic activities is dependent upon data collection prior to impact, though funds are rarely allocated to conduct an assessment before a critical need arises. The Savannah Harbor Expansion Project is one such activity that includes dredging of the Savannah River. It may potentially change physical conditions of the estuary thereby altering fish assemblages. The purpose of the present study was to characterize pre-impact fish assemblages along a salinity gradient near the mouth of the river and determine which abiotic factors most influence them. One site within the mouth of the Savannah River and two sites immediately outside the river mouth were sampled monthly for 2 years using both a beam trawl and seine net. Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and sediment grain size were assessed. All four factors had a significant effect on fish assemblages. A total of 3943 fishes representing ≥55 species formed three statistically distinct fish assemblages and at least three seasonal assemblages. Only 24 species (43.6 %) were collected by both gear types indicating the importance of using multiple gear types to assess fish assemblages. We conclude that the fish assemblages near the mouth of the Savannah River may be altered or may shift given the predicted increase in salinity and/or the possible changes in sediment composition from channel dredging. Understanding the abiotic factors that most influence spatial and seasonal fish distributions prior to dredging will be invaluable in predicting how organisms will be impacted by similar public projects elsewhere.  相似文献   

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