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根据圣维南原理分析瞬态激振后,桩柱式基础桩身内应力波特征。认为盖梁顶部激振、基桩顶面和墩柱结合部激振时,应力波在桩身内仍可满足平截面假定。提出桩身内应力波是否为平面波的判别方法,设计并完成2组现场试验。盖梁顶部激振时,应力波同步到达同一桩身横截面侧壁各拾振区,且计算得到的横截面中心处首波波峰与侧壁处首波波峰到达时刻基本一致,满足低应变法中平截面成立的条件。而基桩和墩柱结合部激振试验则表明,在远离系梁的拾振横截面内,应力波才可认为同步到达各拾振区,且计算得到的拾振横截面中心处首波波峰与侧壁处首波波峰到达时刻基本一致。故对于基桩和墩柱结合部激振激振的情形,远离系梁的桩身内平截面假定才可成立。 相似文献
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给出了任意倾斜各向异性介质中二维三分量一阶应力速度弹性波方程交错网格任意偶数阶精度有限差分格式及其稳定性条件,并推导出了二维任意倾斜各向异性介质完全匹配吸收层法边界条件公式和相应的交错网格任意偶数阶精度差分格式. 数值模拟结果表明,该方法模拟精度高,计算效率高,边界吸收效果好. 各向异性介质中弹性波波前面形态复杂, 且qP波波速不总是比qS波波速快. qS波波前面和同相轴的三分叉现象普遍, 且其同相轴一般不是双曲线型. 当TI介质倾斜时,3个分量上均能够观测到横波分裂现象, 而且各波形的同相轴变得不对称. 相似文献
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基于ANSYS LS-DYNA建立桥梁的墩-承台-桩-土有限元显式动力学模型,模拟桥梁的桩基础在承台上表面施加冲击荷载后完整桩和有断裂缺陷桩的竖向速度响应,分六桩-承台和八桩-承台两种桩基础进行数值计算。结果表明：在所要检测的基桩对应的承台上表面施加冲击力,产生的应力波通过承台到达下方的基桩后沿桩身向下传播,类似于低应变反射波法测桩的原理,应力波在到达桩底桩土交界面或者断裂面等阻抗变化较大处会发生应力波反射,在桩头处的竖向速度响应波形曲线中能识别出反射回的应力波,进而判别桩是完整还是存在断裂损伤;数值计算同时记录承台表面的竖向速度响应,发现承台表面的竖向速度响应波形比桩头处的竖向速度响应波形由于应力波在桩承台界面的多次反射而更加复杂,难以准确判断反射波。 相似文献
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在对地下复杂构造介质,特别是盐丘侧翼及岩下区域进行成像时,相对于传统的各向同性逆时偏移和VTI逆时偏移,具有倾斜对称轴的TTI逆时偏移成像效果最优.不仅反射同相轴更加的连续,而且能量得到了更好的聚焦.传统的各向异性介质全弹性波RTM的计算量大且计算效率低.由于目前仍以纵波勘探为主,因此TTI逆时偏移qP波波动方程的选取显得尤为重要.为了提高计算效率,采用将沿着对称轴方向的横波速度设为零的方法,简化得到qP波波动方程.然而,这样会引入一种严重影响成像效果的低速度、低振幅的qSV波人为干扰.本文建立了qP波方程的完全匹配层控制方程,而后借助于辅助波场采用一种高效的压制伪横波噪声传播的方法,通过模型测试验证了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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某核电厂为满足建设、运营及特殊情况下的应急需求,拟建应急通道桥,其抗震安全十分重要。本文介绍了考虑桥-桩-地基的三维整体精细化模型的有限元动力时程分析方法,计算桥梁在SL-1(运行安全地震动)和SL-2(极限安全地震动)地震作用下地基典型断面、T梁以及墩柱的动力响应。结果表明该方法能直接处理土的非线性问题以及方便的考虑地基辐射阻尼作用,同时可以精细模拟T梁和盖梁间的支座接触。三维计算采用自主开发的GEODYNA高性能软件平台,计算效率较高。该方法可为核电厂桥梁抗震设计提供参考。 相似文献
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液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用振动台试验数值模拟方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
直接针对大型振动台模型试验,建立液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用数值模拟的二维分析模型和计算方法。根据桩基平面应变假定,将空间桩体转换成平面板桩,并考虑桩的尺寸效应;基于桩截面节点位移协调条件和平衡力系等效原理,建立四结点梁单元刚度矩阵且对Timoshenko梁杆单元刚度矩阵进行增广修正,以考虑桩的横向尺寸影响桩周土位移场分布的尺寸效应。根据有效应力原理进行土动反应分析,采用满足M asing准则的修正双曲线模型描述土动力变形的本构关系,同时考虑因孔压上升造成土体软化而对土动力性能的影响,由迭代法处理土的动力非线性。采用并联弹簧-阻尼器模拟计算域人工边界,以考虑边界波的反射作用对体系动力反应的干扰和土粘滞阻尼的影响。采用W ilson-θ逐步积分法计算体系的地震反应。通过与试验结果的对比分析,评估数值模拟的建模途径和计算方法的可靠性。 相似文献
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理论计算及实测资料表明,反射波法基桩动测激振信号近似为半周期正弦波,不同激振方式产生的桩顶速度脉冲信号宽度不同,相应频率成分也就不同。桩身内阻尼对不同频率谐波的幅值衰减及频散规律不同,使得不同激振方式产生的复合脉冲在同一桩中会有不同变化规律,为了使不同激振方式测试资料具有可比性,应采用相同频带进行对比。为此利用小波分析的时-频特性,通过对测试信号进行时频分解,就桩身内阻尼对不同频带信号的吸收系数及波速的影响规律进行了研究。对实测资料分析的结果表明,预制桩不同频带信号波速变化不大,但衰减系数随频率增大近似线性增加。 相似文献
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近十几年来,井间地震在石油勘探领域发挥着重要作用.然而井间地震波极其复杂,给同相轴拾取、层析成像、偏移成像等工作带来了困难.因此,波场分离成为井间地震数据处理的一项重要内容.目前,不少学者研究了井间上下行波分离,纵横波分离等多种方法,但尚未出现相关文献研究透射波和反射波的分离方法.本文根据井间透射波和反射波在不同道集(共炮点集或共接收点集)中视速度极性的差异,首次提出了一种"透射.反射"波场分离方法.该方法首先在不同道集中利用τ-p变换进行视速度分离,得到反射上行波、反射下行波、透射上行波、透射下行波四个波场,然后选择对应的波场叠加,从而得到透射波和反射波.其中,透射波为井间层析成像提供了相对清晰的初至同相轴,尤其是横渡初至同相轴,以便进行到时提取;所得反射波为井中偏移成像提供了可靠的反射波数据,比人工切除透射波方法更为准确有效.本文通过理论模型试验和实际数据处理,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.此外,在本文基础上,再进行纵横波分离处理可以得到更多的波场分量,为井间成像提供更有效的数据. 相似文献
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在改进后的最短路径算法（MSPM）中引入分区多步计算技术实现了二维层状起伏介质中的多次透射、反射及转换波波前传播的数值模拟,以及相应的走时和射线路径的跟踪计算.其原理是将二维复杂层状模型按速度界面分成若干个独立的计算区域,采用分步计算技术进行多次波的跟踪计算.基于多次波是通过速度界面的简单入射、透射、反射及转换波按一定规律的不同组合,因此可实施分区多步计算技术.通过某一上、下层界面的透射（或透射转换）波实际上是由上层得到的下行波加上由该界面透射的下行波组成,若为转换波则使用不同的速度模型;而经过某一界面的反射（或反射转换）波实际上是由某层内计算得到的下行（或上行）波再加上由该界面反射的上行（或下行）波组成.这样即可得到分区独立计算,并通过速度界面分步连接达到跟踪多次波的目的.计算结果表明MSPM算法下的分区多步计算技术具有单步SPM算法中的诸多优点,即:算法简单、数值计算稳键、计算精度高、速度快及全球解等,因而是解决多次波跟踪计算行之有效的方法. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(6)
为进一步研究土-结构相互作用(SSI)体系的抗震性能,以1∶4比例尺桥梁墩柱模型为试验对象,考虑土-结构相互作用,通过拟静力试验观察了试验现象,得到了模型滞回曲线、耗能能力等数据。通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立了与试验情况相同的有限元模型,并分析计算。建模分析结果与试验结果一致,在此基础上,以本模型为对象进行了地震反应时程分析,得到了不同地基条件下的位移时程曲线及桩身应力、桩身位移响应曲线,并用m法对比计算桩的位移响应曲线。分析结果表明:不同地基条件下群桩-土-刚度较大墩柱结构体系破坏形式不同;在地震作用下,短桩基础在桩的中段处应力达到最大值,有必要在此处予以加强;在地震作用较大时,m法计算的桩顶位移偏小,且m法无法计入群桩效应,可能导致群桩基础内力的计算偏于不安全,建议予以重视。 相似文献
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The propagation of stress waves in a large-diameter pipe pile for low strain dynamic testing cannot be explained properly by traditional 1D wave theories. A new computational model is established to obtain a wave equation that can describe the dynamic response of a large-diameter thin-walled pipe pile to a transient point load during a low strain integrity test. An analytical solution in the time domain is deduced using the separation of variables and variation of constant methods. The validity of this new solution is verifi ed by an existing analytical solution under free boundary conditions. The results of this time domain solution are also compared with the results of a frequency domain solution and fi eld test data. The comparisons indicate that the new solution agrees well with the results of previous solutions. Parametric studies using the new solution with reference to a case study are also carried out. The results show that the mode number affects the accuracy of the dynamic response. A mode number greater than 10 is required to enable the calculated dynamic responses to be independent of the mode number. The dynamic response is also greatly affected by soil properties. The larger the side resistance, the smaller the displacement response and the smaller the refl ected velocity wave crest. The displacement increases as the stress waves propagate along the pile when the pile shaft is free. The incident waves of displacement and velocity responses of the pile are not the same among different points in the circumferential direction on the pile top. However, the arrival time and peak value of the pile tip refl ected waves are almost the same among different points on the pile top. 相似文献
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Under the action of Rayleigh waves, pile head is easy to rotate with a concrete pile cap, and pure fixed-head condition is rarely achieved, which is a common phenomenon for it usually occurs on the precast piles with insufficient anchorage. In addition, the propagation characteristics of Rayleigh wave have been changed significantly due to the existence of capillary pressure and the coupling between phases in unsaturated soil, which significantly affects the pile-soil interaction. In order to study the above problems, a coupled vibration model of unsaturated soil–pile system subjected to Rayleigh waves is established on the basis that the pile cap is equivalent to a rigid mass block. Meanwhile, the soil constitution is simplified to linear-elastic and small deformations are assumed to occur during the vibration phase of soil–pile system. Then, the horizontal dynamic response of a homogeneous free-field unsaturated soil caused by propagating Rayleigh waves is obtained by using operator decomposition theory and variable separation method. The dynamic equilibrium equation of a pile is established by using the dynamic Winkler model and the Timoshenko beam theory, and the analytical solutions of the horizontal displacement, rotation angle, bending moment and shear force of pile body are derived according to the boundary conditions of flexible constraint of pile top. Based on the present solutions, the rationality of the proposed model is verified by comparing with the previous research results. Through parametric study, the influence of rotational stiffness and yield bending moment of pile top on the horizontal dynamic characteristics of Rayleigh waves induced pile is investigated in detailed. The analysis results can be utilized for the seismic design of pile foundation under Rayleigh waves. 相似文献
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建立现浇X形桩(XCC桩)桩-土体系三维有限元模型,对XCC桩低应变检测动力响应进行数值模拟,得到完整桩和缺陷桩的桩顶速度响应结果,并分析完整桩及缺陷XCC桩桩顶速度响应特性及规律。计算结果表明:XCC桩低应变瞬态动测时桩顶速度响应存在明显的三维效应,桩心(激振点)附近点的入射波峰值较大,且到达时间较早;距离桩心越远点的入射波峰到达时间越滞后,入射波峰值从桩心到尖角边界先减小后增大。桩顶距桩心距离相同的环向上各点的入射波和反射波区别不大,而各点所受的高频干扰情况并不相同。变模量桩的入射波和完整桩相同,反射波峰值较完整桩小,反射波峰对应时间较完整桩滞后。局部缺陷桩桩顶距桩心距离相同环向各点的第一个缺陷反射波有微小差别,而第二个缺陷反射波有较大差别。 相似文献
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基于相同土层结构地基条件下,分别采用低承台群桩-独柱墩与高承台群桩-独柱墩结构,完成了两次可液化场地群桩-土-桥梁结构地震反应振动台试验,据此研究了承台型式对桥梁桩-柱墩地震反应的影响。研究表明,与高承台桩相比,可液化场地中低承台桩的抗震性能更优;地震中砂层尚未液化或液化不充分时,低承台更多表现出减弱桩尤其桩上段的加速度反应的作用,相反高承台更多起到放大桩的加速度作用,而高承台桩与低承台桩的峰值应变自下而上更多表现出逐渐增大趋势;即使砂层完全液化时,低承台桩的峰值应变自下而上仍以渐增为主;与低承台桩相比,高承台桩更有助于放大墩顶加速度、位移反应,对结构体系整体稳定性产生了不良影响;虽然低承台桩未出现严重破坏,但砂层中部桩的应变却很大,液化砂土-桩运动相互作用对桩的抗震性能影响不容忽视。 相似文献
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This paper presents theoretical analysis of the parallel seismic (PS) method for evaluating existing piles using the flexural mode wave exited by a horizontal impact on the lateral surface of a pile. A simplified theoretical model of the flexural wave for PS method was established to elaborate the theoretical basis. A correction factor was then obtained and proposed to correct the pile depth obtained from the PS method, thus providing a more accurate estimation. A three dimension (3-D) finite element (FE) model was developed and the existence of the flexural waves on branch F(1, 1) in the pile shaft has been verified. Two time domain methods were used to calculate the flexural wave velocity in the pile. One was based on the pile tip reflection signal using a model where pile head reflection was minimized, and another method used the slope of the upper fitted line in the PS test. The flexural wave velocities from both methods match well with the predicted flexural wave group velocity determined from the dispersion curve of a 1-D rod embedded in the soil. The accuracy in estimation of pile tip depth is improved by applying the correction factor. A series of parametric studies were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of using flexural wave for PS test and the correction factor proposed in this study. 相似文献
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In this paper, a soil–pile–structure model is tested on a shaking table subject to both a sinusoidal wave and the acceleration time history of the scaled 1940 El Centro earthquake. A medium-size river sand is compacted into a 1.7-m-high laminar rectangular tank to form a loose fill with a relative density of 15%. A single-storey steel structure of 2.54 ton is placed on a concrete pile cap, which is connected to the four end-bearing piles. A very distinct pounding phenomenon between soil and pile is observed; and, the acceleration response of the pile cap can be three times larger than that of the structural response. The pounding is due to the development of a gap separation between soil and pile, and the extraordinary large inertia force suffered at the top of the pile also induces cracking in the pile. To explain this observed phenomenon, nonlinear finite element method (FEM) analyses with a nonlinear gap element have been carried out. The spikes in the acceleration response of the pile cap caused by pounding can be modeled adequately by the FEM analyses. The present results suggest that one of the probable causes of pile damages is due to seismic pounding between the laterally compressed soil and the pile near the pile cap level. 相似文献
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本文以一座三跨总长60 m的整体桥为案例桥,分别试设计了同跨径的半整体桥、延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥。通过Midas/Civil软件建立四种桥型的有限元模型,并对其进行了E1和E2反应谱分析和时程分析,对比了四种桥型的结构反应峰值（墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基剪力与弯矩、台底位移、桥台桩基剪力与弯矩）。计算结果表明:当桥梁存在15°的斜交角,整体桥、半整体桥在地震动沿平行于桥台长边方向及其垂直方向输入时更不利,而延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥在地震动沿顺桥向和横桥向输入时更不利。四种桥型在地震作用下:整体桥抗震性能最优异,但其台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最大;半整体桥台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最小,其墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基的剪力和弯矩仅比整体桥大;延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥的墩-梁相对位移远大于整体桥和半整体桥,不适用于地震基本烈度高的区域。 相似文献