共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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利用稳定同位素比值质谱仪（IRMS）对波罗的海琥珀、多米尼加琥珀、墨西哥琥珀、缅甸琥珀及不同产地的柯巴树脂的13C,D,18O稳定同位素进行了高精度测定.研究结果表明：（1）不同产地琥珀的δ13C值分布在一个较为稳定的范围内,缅甸琥珀δ13C=-19.38‰～-22.90‰,平均值为-21.15‰;波罗的海琥珀δ13C=-22.76‰～-25.76‰,平均值为-24.35‰;多米尼加琥珀δ13C=-23.57‰～-26.63‰,平均值为-24.99‰,且均值无交叉;（2）不同产地琥珀的δ13C值与琥珀形成的地质时代存在较好的线性关系.具体表征为随着天然树脂石化地质年代（琥珀化程度）的增加,13C值有规律地增大,据此可推断不同产地琥珀成熟度由高到低的相对顺序为缅甸＞波罗的海＞多米尼加、墨西哥;（3）柯巴树脂的δ13C值为-26.82‰～-29.94‰,平均为-28.55‰,比琥珀的明显贫δ13C,依据实验测试统计数据,推荐参考临界值为-27.00‰（＋0.18,-3.00）,这为界定琥珀与柯巴树脂提供了稳定同位素依据;（4）缅甸琥珀δD=-195.90‰～-244.40‰,平均为-226.00‰;波罗的海琥珀δD=-235.90‰～-270.10‰,平均为-25δ.80‰;多米尼加琥珀δD=-202.80‰～239.40‰,平均为-219.90‰;墨西哥琥珀δD=-218.90‰.不同产地琥珀中δD的同位素变异反映了环境水（大气降水）与古纬度之间的变化规律,即随着琥珀产地古纬度的增加,δD逐渐减小;（5）不同产地琥珀在13C-18O,D-18O同位素之间及13C,D,18O同位素在二维图解、三维空间中具有很好的分区性,表明碳、氢、氧稳定同位素综合分析可以示踪琥珀的产地信息. 相似文献
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采用激光拉曼光谱仪对波罗的海、多米尼加、缅甸三个地区的琥珀样品进行了拉曼光谱测试分析,描述了拉曼光谱的位置、形态、相对强度,分析了振动模式,同时对某些分子基团如ν（C-H）,ν（C-O）做了谱带归属。结果表明,琥珀结构中碳链骨架振动是导致其拉曼光谱形成的主要原因,同一产地不同品种琥珀的拉曼谱峰特征基本一致,不同产地琥珀的拉曼谱峰仅在个别拉曼位移处存在较小差异。另外,对前人提出的用拉曼光谱中ν（C=C）和δ（CH2）的强度比值N（I1645cm-1／I 1450cm-1）来确定天然树脂成熟度的初步设想进行了验证分析。拉曼光谱对于琥珀真伪及其产地的鉴定有一定的辅助作用,但不能作为鉴别产地的唯一指示性依据。 相似文献
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琥珀是由古代植物代谢产生的树脂聚合物形成的化石。琥珀中的有机质保存环境稳定、封闭,能很好地记载其形成时期的古植物和古环境等信息。本次研究运用气象色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和元素分析稳定同位素质谱仪（EA-IRMS）等测试方法,研究了沈北煤田煤中琥珀的有机地球化学组成、稳定同位素和化合物单体碳同位素特征。结果表明,琥珀中的饱和烃以二萜化合物为主（占73.45%）,芳香烃以松香烷型化合物为主（56.17%）;高含量的贝壳杉烷、雪松烷、扁枝烷和松香烷型化合物指示琥珀来源于松柏类植物,且以柏科植物为主。沈北琥珀的δ13C值为-22.8‰ ~ -21.2‰,与同时期其他地区琥珀的δ13C值相似;氢同位素变化范围较小（-297.2‰ ~ -276.0‰）,氧同位素值为17.4‰ ~ 31.6‰。琥珀的稳定同位素组成（碳、氢和氧）进一步证明琥珀来源于裸子植物。琥珀的δ13C值主要与其形成时的全球气温变化和大气组成有关。沈北琥珀的氢和氧同位素组成主要受植物种类（松柏类）以及植物生长的局部气温和降水条件有关。琥珀稳定碳同位素有望成为研究古气候和古大气组成的良好载体,琥珀的氢和氧同位素可以反映形成时期的古环境条件,但仍需进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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河南西峡琥珀的矿物学研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
河南西峡琥珀产于白垩系上段(K_2~3)砂砾岩中。通过元素分析、半工业分析、等离子体发射光谱、色谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线衍射、偏光显微镜、电子显微镜等测试手段,确定了各色琥珀的化学通式为C_(2n)H_(3n)O(5相似文献
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河南西峡-内乡琥珀矿床的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河南西峡-内乡琥珀矿床是我国琥珀市场上原料的重要产地。通过对该矿床的地层、岩相、古地理以及水动力条件等因素的分析研究，以及对琥珀矿体地质特征、琥珀物理性质及化学组成特征的研究，认为该琥珀矿床属于晚白垩世河流冲、洪积沉积矿床。 相似文献
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本文着重从提高原子吸收光谱分析的效率出发,利用等离子体光源和光谱仪以替代目前原子吸收光谱分析所用的空心阴极灯和单色器系统,对多种元素进行同时测定。选用了Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn等四个元素进行实验,结果良好。此外,对这种方法的特点以及在实际工作中的应用等方面也作了简要叙述。 相似文献
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随着琥珀市场需求的增加及琥珀优化处理技术的改进与创新,压制琥珀呈现外观逼真、结构复杂、方法多样的新态势。利用宝石显微镜、偏光显微镜、红外光谱仪对压制金珀、压制血珀、＂爆花＂压制琥珀、烤色压制琥珀、压固蓝珀、压固胶结蓝珀、压制蜜蜡等样品的宝石学参数、显微结构、红外吸收光谱进行了研究与分析,结果显示,碎粒-碎粉结构、红色斑点结构、不含＂血丝＂状构造的粒状＂镶嵌＂结构、碎块胶结结构等是压制琥珀的结构鉴定特征;颗粒间分布的＂太阳光芒＂、紊乱流纹、叶脉状流纹、丝瓜瓤状流纹等是压制琥珀的内含物鉴定特征;若蓝珀中的红外光谱I=2 932cm-1/I=1 723cm-1处的吸收强度比值接近1∶1,暗示着该蓝珀可能经过了优化处理。 相似文献
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在琥珀热处理实验研究的基础上,采用常规宝石学方法和红外光谱仪,测试并跟踪收集和对比分析了实验样品热处理前、后的宝石学参数和红外光谱的变化规律及琥珀内含物的演化、改造与破坏标识,并对获得的琥珀热处理效果进行了成因分析,从而总结出鉴定琥珀热处理的关键证据。研究结果表明：（1）折射率的增加、荧光的弱化或湮灭是热处理琥珀的重要佐证;（2）盘状裂隙、红色流纹、汽化纹、龟裂纹和氧化裂纹是热处理琥珀的重要标识;（3）FTIR光谱中I=2930cm-1/I=1735cm-1比值若≤1,可视为热处理琥珀的红外光谱指纹检测依据;（4）1735,1700cm-1处的羰基（C？O）伸缩振动与1260～1156cm-1处的C—O伸缩振动吸收强度的明显增强及多峰合并的趋势反映出热处理琥珀表面的热氧化反应;C？O浓度的增加可能是热处理琥珀红色的生色团,同时又是热处理琥珀荧光的淬灭剂。 相似文献
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选用俄罗斯加里宁格勒琥珀原料为优化工艺实验研究对象,以市场上常见的琥珀品种为实验目标,通过控制实验过程中的温度、压力及环境气氛,获得了金珀、血珀、金花珀、红花珀及老蜜蜡等实验产品,并探讨了琥珀优化的工艺流程、工艺条件及影响因素。研究结果说明,琥珀优化的工艺流程分为准备阶段、装炉阶段、优化阶段和开炉阶段。通过净化工艺可获得金珀产品,通过烤色工艺可获得血珀产品,通过爆花工艺可获得花珀,在常压、长时间低温加热的缓慢氧化条件下可获得老蜜蜡。总结了影响琥珀优化工艺的因素,包括其原料的颜色、透明度、块度、温压条件、环境气氛等。 相似文献
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目前,在检测琥珀样品的过程中,我们发现了一种琥珀与塑料混合在一起的样品,与波罗的海琥珀尤其是蜜蜡非常相像.送检的琥珀塑料混合体样品主要为抛光或者亚光的圆珠散珠或圆珠手串,颜色为黄色或黄白交加,透明至不透明,树脂光泽.本文采用常规宝石学测试手段、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等方法对其进行了研究.结果表明,该样品为琥珀与塑料的熔合体,其中黄色部分为波罗的海琥珀,白色部分为醇酸树脂.该琥珀塑料混合体的鉴别特征如下:黄色、白色部分有些界限截然,有些界限不明;黄色部分常见特征的回旋纹,高倍镜下观察常见密集的微小气泡群,折射率为1.54,紫外灯下具有黄绿色的荧光,红外光谱具有2 927、1 737、1 451、1 380、1 257、1 159、983 cm-1吸收峰,拉曼光谱具有1 655、1 453 cm-1拉曼峰;白色塑料部分生硬呆板,放大观察常见大个气泡散布,折射率为1.60,紫外灯下具有蓝色的荧光,红外光谱具有3 061、1 728、1 600、1 580、1 493、1 453、1 282、1 123、1 067、745、701 cm-1吸收峰,拉曼光谱具有1 735、1 607、1 460、1 048、1 011 cm-1拉曼峰. 相似文献
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Franciszek Czechowski Bernd R.T. Simoneit Michat Sachanbiński Jan Chojcan Stanis?aw Wo?owiec 《Applied Geochemistry》1996,11(6):811-834
The physical and chemical properties of 8 samples of amber from different localities in Poland (Baltic Coast, Bełchatów Tertiary brown coal, and Jaroszów clay mine) were investigated by N2 sorption at 77 K, positron annihilation spectroscopy for chemical analysis (PASCA) and by organic geochemical methods (FT-IR,1H and13C NMR, GC, and GC-MS). The porosity of the ambers as determined by PASCA consists of narrow micropores with diameters ranging from 0.8 to 0.9 nm and a volume 0.025 cm3 g−1. In the external eroded part of the amber samples (rind) the concentration of pores where positronium atoms can form is lower and consists of approximately12 the concentration as in their interior. Values of pore parameters determined from sorption of N2 are comparable with those found by the PASCA method. The average diameter of pores ranges from 2 to 12 nm, while their volume varies from 0.018 to 0.048 cm3 g−1.. The chemical character of the ambers is similar based on FT-IR spectroscopy. However, noticeable differences in concentrations of ester and hydroxyl groups are observed in both exterior and interior regions, where the abundances of the ester groups are lower in the exterior rind. The proportion of organic material extractable with chloroform-methanol (1:1, v/v) ranges from 15 to 50% and correlates inversely to the average reflectances (Rr) of polished amber surfaces which range from 1.7 to 0.1 %. These variations are attributed to differing concentrations of oxygenated groups in the respective amber samples. The FT-IR spectra of the non-polar fractions (NP) from the extracts resemble the spectra of the source ambers. However, the intensities of the absorbance for the hdroxyl group are much lower, while absorbances for exomethylene groups are not present. The1H and13C NMR data of NP fractions showed a complex diversity of components in mixtures with different relative concentrations but predominantly aliphatic in character for the respective samples.GC and GC-MS analyses of these fractions revealed that they are comprised of a mixture of compounds typical for Baltic amber but with variable relative concentrations. Two groups of compounds are found to be common to all NP fractions. The first is a minor concentration of homologousn-alkanes with a characteristic Gaussian distribution in the range from C22 to C32 and maximizing at C26–C27. In addition C22 is characteristically slightly higher in concentration compared to C23. The second group of compounds is comprised of succinates with methyl, fenchyl, bomyl and isobornyl alcohols. The composition of these diesters revealed the same equilibrium ratio between compounds with fenchyl, bornyl and isobornyl alcohols in all NP fractions. We suggest an early enzymatically controlled (bacterial) process in the formation of succinates during resin diagenesis from the biotic precursors, yielding the same characteristic ratio of the respective succinates in these ambers. These results show that all the ambers analyzed here fall into a common class of fossil resin, succinite (class Ia) independent of the sample location in Poland. 相似文献
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再造琥珀制造技术不断更新换代,并不断取得进展。市场上能见到不同时期的再造琥珀,给实验室鉴定带来挑战。为科学鉴定这些琥珀,结合前人研究和国检（NGTC）近年来的研究成果,主要从放大检查,正交偏光,紫外荧光这三方面分别对早期和近期再造琥珀的鉴定特征进行了系统研究和阐述。结果显示,早期传统再造琥珀的“血丝”状构造明显,其在正交偏光下的特征及紫外灯下的荧光特征明显。近期再造琥珀中的“血丝”变浅,其后多数又进行了一系列后期处理,掩盖了原有的再造琥珀特征,所以其在正交偏光下的特征及紫外灯下的荧光特征均不明显。但在强透射光源照射下,仍可发现局部残余的再造特征,如沿“血丝”分布的片状炸裂纹、流动的“砂糖”状构造等。这些微细结构特征有助于对不同时期再造琥珀进行正确举别。 相似文献
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The intense study of coleopteran inclusions from Spanish(Albian in age) and French(Albian-Santonian in age) Cretaceous ambers,both of Laurasian origin,has revealed that the majority of samples belong to the Polyphaga suborder and,in contrast to the case of the compression fossils,only one family of Archostemata,one of Adephaga,and no Myxophaga suborders are represented.A total of 30 families from Spain and 16 families from France have been identified(with almost twice bioinclusions identified in Spain than in France);13 of these families have their most ancient representatives within these ambers.A similar study had previously only been performed on Lebanese ambers(Barremian in age and Gondwanan in origin),recording 36 coleopteran families.Few lists of taxa were available for Myanmar(Burmese) amber(early Cenomanian in age and Laurasian in origin).Coleopteran families found in Cretaceous ambers share with their modern relatives mainly saproxylic and detritivorous habits in the larval or adult stages,rather than wood-boring behavior.Fifteen of the coleopteran families occur in both the Lebanese and Spanish ambers;while only five are present in both Spanish and French.Considering the paleogeographic proximity and similarity of age of the Spanish and French ambers,the small number of taxa found in common at both areas is surprising.The ancient origin for the Lebanese and Spanish ambers,the paleogeography(including some barriers for terrestrial biota) and the local paleohabitats are factors that may explain the dissimilarity with the French specimens.Wildfires are believed to be a more likely cause of resin production during the Cretaceous than infestation by beetles.Current knowledge of the beetle species found in the Cretaceous ambers is introduced. 相似文献
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Ken B Anderson 《Geochemical transactions》2001,2(1):21-4
The results of ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) oxidation of a mature Class Ib amber polymer are reported and discussed. These data indicate that the residual double bond present in mature Class I ambers is not located in the A/B ring structure of these materials and that C17 of the original labdanoid precursors is retained in mature Class I ambers as a methyl group. These data also suggest that the reaction which results in formation of the residual unsaturated structure in mature ambers also results in a second covalent connection between the A/B ring system and the polymer backbone, probably through C8 of the original labdanoid structure. 相似文献