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平均重力异常是地球重力场的基本数据,在垂线偏差、高程异常、扰动重力等的计算中都要用到平均重力异常。本文在全球高程、地壳密度、海深等地球物理信息的基础上,依据均衡理论和逆威宁-曼尼兹公式两种推估重力异常的方法,在理论上对构建全球重力异常模型进行了探讨。 相似文献
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采用三维导纳分析技术,联合海底地形和重力异常数据,对马尼希基海底高原重力均衡状况进行了分析研究,并结合地震学等研究成果,分析其构造意义。马尼希基海底高原海底地形与重力异常相干性在长波部分(大于100km)相对较小,说明高原地壳底部存在低密度异常,并且,根据Airy均衡分析,这种低密度异常并非完全由洋壳对海底地形的均衡调整引起,推测高原地壳底部存在由岩浆"板垫作用"(crustal underplating)形成的低密度异常体,即"底部载荷"。马尼希基海底高原短波海底地形符合Airy均衡,据此分析获得高原地区洋壳厚度为22.7km,与地震研究结果一致。岩石圈挠曲均衡分析表明,马尼希基海底高原岩石圈有效弹性厚度为2.5~5.5km,较优拟合值为3.5km,可能意味着高原形成时岩石圈年龄较小。根据顾及底部载荷的挠曲均衡模型进行分析,定量计算了底部载荷规模,约为地形载荷的30%,其体积约为9.3×105km3,平均深度为18km,是整个高原洋壳的重要组成部分,表明洋壳底部板垫作用在马尼希基海底高原形成和演化过程中产生过重要影响。 相似文献
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针对利用重力场模型方法计算地球外空间扰动引力的精度时,模型截断误差是主要的影响因素这一问题,该文利用重力场模型阶方差分析地球外部空间扰动引力截断误差,并与用重力异常阶方差Rapp模型进行比较。实验结果表明:在低阶低空部分,Rapp模型与实际重力异常阶方差相差最大,达到17.125 3mGal;重力场模型计算扰动引力与计算点高度有着密切联系,截断误差的大小随着高度的增加迅速衰减;当计算高度为0.2km时,使用36阶的模型计算扰动引力,截断误差达到25.957 8mGal;当计算高度超过400km时,即使用36阶模型,截断误差也可以控制在1.5mGal内。 相似文献
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对扰动质点模型两种主要误差源作了详细分析，给出选择扰动质点埋藏深度的基本原则。在此基础上，提出一种新的模型构制方法，并提出一种比较客观的扰动质点模型外部检核方法。 相似文献
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利用轨道扰动引力谱和大地水准面累计误差谱分析的方法估计未来GRACE(gravity recovery and climateexperiment)Follow-On卫星反演地球重力场的空间分辨率。基于GRACE Follow-On卫星的轨道特性,计算其在高空所受到的径向扰动引力,并根据谱特性及星载加速度计的测量噪声水平分析该卫星能反演重力场的阶数。利用EGM96重力场模型分别计算200 km和250 km轨道高度处的扰动引力谱。分析其特性表明:在两个轨道高度处分别能反演281阶和242阶的地球重力场模型。给出大地水准面累计误差谱模型,并计算200 km和250 km轨道高度处大地水准面累计误差谱。分析其谱特性表明:在两个轨道高度处分别能反演至286阶和228阶的地球重力场模型。 相似文献
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扰动质点模型构制与检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对扰动质点模型两种主要误差源作了详细分析，给出选择扰动质点埋藏深度的基本原则。在此基础上，提出一种新的模型构制方法，并提出一种比较客观的扰动质点模型外部检该方法。 相似文献
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《测绘学报》2012,41(3)
利用轨道扰动引力谱和大地水准面累计误差谱分析的方法估计未来GRACE（gravity recovery and climate experimenl）Follow—On卫星反演地球重力场的空间分辨率。基于GRACEFollow—On卫星的轨道特性,计算其在高空所受到的径向扰动引力,并根据谱特性及星载加速度计的测量噪声水平分析该卫星能反演重力场的阶数。利用EGM96重力场模型分别计算200km和250km轨道高度处的扰动引力谱。分析其特性表明：在两个轨道高度处分别能反演281阶和242阶的地球重力场模型。给出大地水准面累计误差谱模型,并计算200km和250km轨道高度处大地水准面累计误差谱。分析其谱特性表明：在两个轨道高度处分别能反演至286阶和228阶的地球重力场模型。 相似文献
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在评估重力场模型计算空间扰动引力精度时,对模型截断误差常采用阶方差方法。文中将6种经典的重力异常阶方差模型与现有超高阶重力场模型的阶方差进行比较,TSD模型与重力场模型的差值最小。根据重力异常阶方差模型TSD,文中分析不同高度、不同阶次利用重力场模型计算空中扰动引力时截断误差的影响。实验结果表明:36阶模型截断误差最大径向和水平方向分别为26.455 1mGal、25.946 3mGal;360阶模型截断误差最大径向和水平方向分别为9.969 0mGal、9.960 9 mGal;2160阶模型截断误差最大径向和水平方向分别为2.538 5 mGal、2.538 1mGal;2160阶模型计算空中扰动引力时,即使在低空附近,截断误差在2.5mGal以内,计算高度超过5km,截断误差可以忽略;超过400km的高度,都可以用36阶模型计算,截断误差在1mGal以内。 相似文献
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D. Tsoulis 《Journal of Geodesy》2004,78(1-2):7-11
The spherical harmonic analysis of the 2×2 density and stratification information contained in the global crustal model CRUST 2.0 is presented from the viewpoint of gravity field recovery and interpretation. Using a standard Airy/Heiskanen (A/H) isostatic hypothesis and a radially distributed compensation mechanism, two models of topographic/isostatic (t/i) potential harmonic coefficients are obtained up to degree and order 90. The CRUST-derived coefficients are compared with the spectrum of uncompensated topography, with the EGM96 observed gravity field, and with the t/i spectrum based on an A/H hypothesis with a constant compensation depth of 30 km. The signal degree variances of both CRUST models decrease quite smoothly towards degree 90, while the seven-layer model approaches the EGM96 spectrum for degrees 80–90. The significant deviation of the CRUST spectra from the A/H combined spectrum may prove of relevance to local and regional applications investigating the validity of current isostatic hypotheses.Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks go to Nikolaos Pavlis and three unknown referees for their thoughtful comments. Figure 1 has been produced using the mapping package m_map by R. Pawlowicz, which is a MATLAB toolbox that can be freely downloaded from http://www2.ocgy.ubc.ca/~rich/map.html 相似文献
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A new isostatic model of the lithosphere and gravity field 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Based on the analysis of various factors controlling isostatic gravity anomalies and geoid undulations, it is concluded that it is essential to model the lithospheric density structure as accurately as possible. Otherwise, if computed in the classical way (i.e. based on the surface topography and the simple Airy compensation scheme), isostatic anomalies mostly reflect differences of the real lithosphere structure from the simplified compensation model, and not necessarily the deviations from isostatic equilibrium. Starting with global gravity, topography and crustal density models, isostatic gravity anomalies and geoid undulations have been determined. The initial crust and upper-mantle density structure has been corrected in a least squares adjustment using gravity. To model the long-wavelength (>2000 km) features in the gravity field, the isostatic condition (i.e. equal mass for all columns above the compensation level) is applied in the adjustment to uncover the signals from the deep-Earth interior, including dynamic deformations of the Earths surface. The isostatic gravity anomalies and geoid undulations, rather than the observed fields, then represent the signals from mantle convection and deep density inhomogeneities including remnants of subducted slabs. The long-wavelength non-isostatic (i.e. the dynamic) topography was estimated to range from –0.4 to 0.5 km. For shorter wavelengths (<2000 km), the isostatic condition is not applied in the adjustment in order to obtain the non-isostatic topography due to regional deviations from classical Airy isostasy. The maximum deviations from Airy isostasy (–1.5 to 1 km) occur at currently active plate boundaries. As another result, a new global model of the lithosphere density distribution is generated. The most pronounced negative density anomalies in the upper mantle are found near large plume provinces, such as Iceland and East Africa, and in the vicinity of the mid-ocean ridge axes. Positive density anomalies in the upper mantle under the continents are not correlated with the cold and thick lithosphere of cratons, indicating a compensation mechanism due to thermal and compositional density. 相似文献
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Spherical harmonic modelling to ultra-high degree of Bouguer and isostatic anomalies 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
The availability of high-resolution global digital elevation data sets has raised a growing interest in the feasibility of obtaining their spherical harmonic representation at matching resolution, and from there in the modelling of induced gravity perturbations. We have therefore estimated spherical Bouguer and Airy isostatic anomalies whose spherical harmonic models are derived from the Earth’s topography harmonic expansion. These spherical anomalies differ from the classical planar ones and may be used in the context of new applications. We succeeded in meeting a number of challenges to build spherical harmonic models with no theoretical limitation on the resolution. A specific algorithm was developed to enable the computation of associated Legendre functions to any degree and order. It was successfully tested up to degree 32,400. All analyses and syntheses were performed, in 64 bits arithmetic and with semi-empirical control of the significant terms to prevent from calculus underflows and overflows, according to IEEE limitations, also in preserving the speed of a specific regular grid processing scheme. Finally, the continuation from the reference ellipsoid’s surface to the Earth’s surface was performed by high-order Taylor expansion with all grids of required partial derivatives being computed in parallel. The main application was the production of a 1′ × 1′ equiangular global Bouguer anomaly grid which was computed by spherical harmonic analysis of the Earth’s topography–bathymetry ETOPO1 data set up to degree and order 10,800, taking into account the precise boundaries and densities of major lakes and inner seas, with their own altitude, polar caps with bedrock information, and land areas below sea level. The harmonic coefficients for each entity were derived by analyzing the corresponding ETOPO1 part, and free surface data when required, at one arc minute resolution. The following approximations were made: the land, ocean and ice cap gravity spherical harmonic coefficients were computed up to the third degree of the altitude, and the harmonics of the other, smaller parts up to the second degree. Their sum constitutes what we call ETOPG1, the Earth’s TOPography derived Gravity model at 1′ resolution (half-wavelength). The EGM2008 gravity field model and ETOPG1 were then used to rigorously compute 1′ × 1′ point values of surface gravity anomalies and disturbances, respectively, worldwide, at the real Earth’s surface, i.e. at the lower limit of the atmosphere. The disturbance grid is the most interesting product of this study and can be used in various contexts. The surface gravity anomaly grid is an accurate product associated with EGM2008 and ETOPO1, but its gravity information contents are those of EGM2008. Our method was validated by comparison with a direct numerical integration approach applied to a test area in Morocco–South of Spain (Kuhn, private communication 2011) and the agreement was satisfactory. Finally isostatic corrections according to the Airy model, but in spherical geometry, with harmonic coefficients derived from the sets of the ETOPO1 different parts, were computed with a uniform depth of compensation of 30?km. The new world Bouguer and isostatic gravity maps and grids here produced will be made available through the Commission for the Geological Map of the World. Since gravity values are those of the EGM2008 model, geophysical interpretation from these products should not be done for spatial scales below 5 arc minutes (half-wavelength). 相似文献
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Richard H. Rapp 《Journal of Geodesy》1982,56(2):84-94
A spherical harmonic expansion of the earth's gravitational potential and equivalent rock topography to degree and order 180
is described. The potential implied by the topography considered as uncompensated and with isostatic compensation has been
computed. Good agreement with the observed potential field is found when the depth of compensation in the Airy theory is assumed
to be 50 km. At the higher degrees the correlation coefficient between the potential expansion and the equivalent rock topography
is about 0.5.
The Lachapelle equations for the topographic isostatic potential were tested using 1ox1o equivalent rock topography. The degree variances agree at the lower degrees but at degree 36 the Lachapelle results using
5o data underestimate the potential degree variances by about one-third. 相似文献
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地壳垂直运动的均衡理论及其分析模型 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
介绍了地壳垂直运动均衡理论并根据全球通量均衡假说建立了壳垂直运动的动力学模型（具有第二边值条件的Laplace方程），在球面近似下运用该模型拟了渤海湾地区的地壳垂直运动形变场并编制了等值线图，获得了满意的结果。 相似文献
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利用3种不同视线向LOS(Line Of Sight)的ENVISAT ASAR数据进行干涉处理,提取多视线向(Multi-LOS)的同震形变场;结合同震形变场特征与震源机制解,构建了改则地震双断层破裂模型;利用四叉树采样后的多视线向同震形变场进行约束,通过梯度下降法(Steepest Descent Method,SDM)与Crust2.0地壳分层模型反演了改则地震的同震滑动分布特征。结果表明:反演的形变残差得到有效控制,基本介于0±10 cm之间;主震断层的滑动量主要位于断层面2—16 km深部,最大滑动量可达1.34 m,位于断层面6.4 km深处;余震断层滑动量主要位于断层面2—6 km深部,最大滑动量可达0.90 m,位于断层面3.52 km深处;主震断层与余震断层均以正断为主,但主震断层还具有一定的左旋走滑分量,而余震断层的左旋走滑不明显;当剪切模量μ取3.2×1010Pa时,反演获得的主震与余震地震矩M0分别为6.34×1018N·M与1.20×1018N·M,分别相当于矩震级MW6.47与MW5.98。 相似文献
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月球Airy均衡状态与月壳厚度估计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
月球水准面异常和表面地形变化是其内部密度不均匀和各个界面的起伏变化的体现,因此利用水准面和地形之比(geoid to topography ratio,GTR)可估计月球均衡和月壳厚度。本文基于月球重力场模型SGM100h和地形模型STM359_grid-02,经过去除表面玄武岩填充和深层异常质量影响,并结合理论Airy均衡模型中GTR与参考月壳厚度的关系,计算得到了新的月壳厚度模型。该模型的月壳平均厚度为36.9 km,背面比正面平均厚约13.5 km,Apollo12/14登陆点的月壳厚度分别是28.3 km和29.1 km。在各月海盆地存在着中央较薄、四周逐渐增厚的趋势。 相似文献
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Whether post-glacial rebound or/and crustal variation contributes to the pattern of the Fennoscandian gravity field has been of great interest to geoscientists. Previous numerical studies are based on different Moho maps, different global Earth gravity models and different isostatic models of Pratt type, resulting in quite different conclusions.In this study, we use the improved Moho depth map of Korja et al. (1993), the OSU91A Earth gravity model and a refined modeling of the Moho depth contribution. We conclude that not more than about 40% and 30% of the Fennoscandian geoid and gravity depressions of the orders of -12m and -40 mGal might be caused by crustal thickening, leaving at least -6 m and -28 mGal to be adjusted in accordance with post-glacial rebound. 相似文献
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提出了一种基于大地水准面等位面特性的地球重力场模型优劣评价方法。通过取任一重力大地水准面为参考面,计算不同地球重力场模型在该面上的重力位标准差,以此作为不同模型相对优劣的评价指标。利用该方法对不同地球重力场模型以及同一重力场模型在不同区域的精度进行了评价。结果表明:EGM96、OSU91A模型的大地水准面高精度分别为±11.1 cm、±14.3 cm,说明EGM96要优于OSU91A,EGM2008、EIGEN-6C4模型的大地水准面高精度分别为±8.8 cm、±8.9 cm,说明该两个模型的精度相当,与已有研究结果一致,表明本文方法的有效性与适用性。进一步研究结果显示,对于全球大地水准面,EGM2008和EIGEN-6C4模型的大地水准面高精度分别为±11.3 cm和±14.1 cm,即在厘米级精度上EGM2008略优。 相似文献