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1.
测水组是湘中早石炭世主要的含煤地层。该区早石炭世的海侵主要来自西南侧,物源主要来自东北方向的雪峰古隆起。测水早期沉积物有煤、泥岩、砂质泥岩及细砂岩,沉积环境为潟湖相、泥炭沼泽相、潮坪相及滨海相;晚期主要沉积了细-粗粒石英砂岩、砂质泥岩、泥岩及石灰岩,沉积环境有滨外泥质陆棚、滨外碳酸盐陆棚及滨海相。煤层主要形成于潟湖淤浅而成的泥炭沼泽环境,含煤性与煤系厚度、砂岩含量及砂泥比值等有一定相关性,富煤带只存在于一定厚度的含煤地层分布区。本区于早石炭世时期形成了西部金竹山和东部太平寺二个聚煤中心,其中西部含煤性及煤层稳定程度比东部好,是勘查找煤的重要地区。 相似文献
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豫西荥巩——新密煤田太原组、山西组的沉积环境和聚煤规律 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
荥巩和新密煤田是豫西北部的两个相邻煤田。主要含煤地层为晚古生代晚石炭世太原组和早二叠世山西组,总厚100—150m;下石盒子组及晚二叠世的上石盒子组在本区仅偶含薄煤层。太原组位于含煤岩系最底部,为碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩交替沉积,灰岩形成于清澈、温暖、浅水的陆表海潮下环境,碎屑岩则为潮道和潮间带为主的潮道、潮坪沉积。太原组含有6—7层薄煤层,形成于咸水或半咸水的泥炭沼泽中。山西组几乎全由碎屑岩组成,下部发育本区的主要可采煤层二1煤。二1煤以下层位为潮坪和横向与之共生的潮道、潮沟及河口潮汐砂脊沉积,二1煤以上为河流作用为主的三角洲沉积,三角洲由北向南进积到半咸水的海湾中。二1煤形成于海退时期,它们堆积在滨海平原的淡水泥炭沼泽中,其厚度变化及发育程度主要受成煤前沉积环境控制,但在本区西部构造较复杂处,煤层厚度受后期构造影响较大。沉积环境对煤层原生厚度的影响主要表现在潮坪和废弃的潮道、潮沟、河口潮汐砂背沉积物之上,煤层发育好,而在二1煤之下有活动的潮道及河口潮汐砂脊发育时,煤层较薄或不发育。 相似文献
3.
Ahmad Masri 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(13):288
Four recently discovered glacio-fluvial paleovalleys in southeast Jordan and northwest Saudi Arabia are described for the first time. The paleovalleys formed as a result of glacial erosion by series of sub-parallel valley glaciers during the Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) southern hemisphere glaciation on the Arabian Plate. The southwest-northeast orientation of the paleovalleys, Proterozoic erratic clasts and paleocurrent vectors indicate the advance of glaciers and subsequent glacio-fluvial siliciclastics emanating from a paleo-ice sheet located to the south on the Arabian Shield. U-shaped, paleovalley cross-sectional morphologies and gently inclined longitudinal profiles indicate initial glacial erosion of the ‘finger-like’ paleovalleys, probably as wet-based valley glaciers, eroded up to 250 m depth into Late Ordovician marine bedrock formations. Paleovalley-fill sequences comprise a tripartite upwards succession: (a) basal sandstone-dominated tillite with well-rounded, grooved and striated granitoid and metamorphic basement clasts derived from the Proterozoic Arabian Shield together with locally derived, rounded and elongate boulders eroded from the local bedrock at the margins of the paleovalleys (Retrogradational Lowstand Sequence); (b) green chloritic siltstone (Zarqa Formation) deposited during a progradational sea-level rise with marine influence (Transgressive Sequence); (c) coarse-grained, trough cross-bedded sandstone (Sarah Formation) attributed to progradational fluvial sedimentation as glacial outwash. Rapid sea-level rise during latest Hirnantian to Early Llandovery time resulted in marine flooding of the glacio-fluvial alluvial plain and deposition of organic-rich mudstones representing transgressive and high-stand sequences. 相似文献
4.
Moutaz A. Al-Dabbas Jassim A. Al-Jassim Amanj I. Qaradaghi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):4771-4783
The depositional facies and environments were unraveling by studying 21 subsurface sections from ten oilfields in the central and southern Iraq and a large number of thin sections of the Nahr Umr (siliciclastic deposit) Formation (Albian). This formation is mainly composed of sandstone interlaminated with minor siltstone and shale, with occurrence of thin limestone beds. Nahr Umr Formation is subdivided into three lithostratigraphic units of variable thicknesses on the basis of lithological variations and log characters. Mineralogically and texturally, mature quartz arenite and sandstones are the common type of the Nahr Umr Formation. The sandstones are cemented by silica and calcite material and have had a complex digenetic history. Compaction, dissolution, and replacements are the main diagenetic processes. Prodelta, distal bar, distributary mouth bar, distributary channel, over bank, and tidal channel are the main depositional environments recognized for the Nahr Umr Formation, within the studied wells. This formation was deposited in shallow marine and fluvial–deltaic environments and exhibit progradational succession of facies. Eight sedimentary facies that have been identified in the Nahr Umr Formation include claystone lithofacies, claystone siltstone lithofacies, lenticular-bedded sandstone–mudstone lithofacies, wavy-bedded sandstone–mudstone lithofacies, flaser-bedded sandstone–mudstone lithofacies, parallel and cross lamination sandstone lithofacies, trough cross-bedded sandstone lithofacies, and planar cross-bedded sandstone lithofacies. The depositional model of the Nahr Umr Formation environment was built based on the lithofacies association concepts. 相似文献
5.
在对露头及钻孔剖面沉积特征研究的基础上,建立了华南地区晚三叠世含煤岩系层序地层格架,恢复了基于三级层序的岩相古地理,并分析了聚煤规律。根据岩相特征及岩相组合类型,在区内晚三叠世含煤地层中识别出陆相和海陆过渡相两大沉积类型,并可进一步识别出冲积扇、河流(包括辫状河和曲流河)、三角洲、湖泊、潮坪—潟湖、滨海平原和滨浅海等7种沉积类型。陆相沉积主要发育在上扬子地区的四川盆地;海陆过渡相沉积主要发育在东南部湘赣粤滨浅海。在晚三叠世含煤岩系中识别出区域性不整合面和构造应力转换面、砂砾岩体底部冲刷面和岩性突变面等类型的层序界面,将含煤岩系划分为5个三级层序。以三级层序为古地理作图单元,恢复了研究区的古地理格局。由煤层厚度与岩相古地理平面展布规律可知,最有利的成煤环境为三角洲沉积体系,其次为河流、潮坪—潟湖沉积体系,聚煤中心主要分部在四川盆地的乐威煤田以及华蓥山煤田、湘赣粤滨浅海地区的湘东南至赣西萍乡一带。 相似文献
6.
西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地规模最大的富油气凹陷。然而,西湖凹陷渐新世沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。本文以井、震为基础,岩心为核心,结合地球化学指标,通过泥岩甾烷与自生海绿石的特征,明确了渐新世西湖凹陷南部整体处于海陆交互的过渡环境,且发生5次主要的海侵事件。西湖凹陷南部渐新统以厚层砂岩与薄层泥岩互层为特征,发育典型的双向交错层理、双黏土层、透镜状层理及泥质披覆,共识别出4种主要的岩相类型: 含泥砾块状中粗粒砂岩相、交错层理中细粒砂岩相、沙纹层理粉细砂岩相、纹层状泥岩相。渐新世,西湖凹陷南部主要发育潮控河口湾体系,其中包括潮汐水道、潮汐沙坝、沙质潮坪及泥质潮坪等多个沉积微相,其沉积地形在SW向逐渐变为开阔的展布特征,说明研究区河流供源来自东北部,而潮汐水流来自西南部。渐新世西湖凹陷南部与开阔海连通,受到海侵作用下潮汐水流的强烈改造,且由于地形坡度较缓,无大规模的河流携带碎屑物质注入,易形成潮汐作用为主的河口湾体系。 相似文献
7.
The Late Coniacian, shallow-marine Bad Heart Formation of the Western Canada foreland basin is very unusual in that it contains economically significant ooidal ironstone. Deposition of shallow-water and iron-rich facies appears to have been localized over the crest and flanks of a subtle intrabasinal arch, in part interpreted as a forebulge and partly attributed to reactivation of the long-lived Peace River Arch. The formation comprises two upward-shoaling allomembers, typically 5–10 m thick, that are bounded by regionally mappable ravinement surfaces. The lower unit, allomember 1, grades up from laminated mudstone to bioturbated silty sandstone, which is abruptly overlain by bioturbated ooidal silty sandstone grading into an almost clastic-free ooidal ironstone up to 7 m thick. Ooidal ironstone was concentrated into NW- to SE-trending ridges, kilometres wide and tens of kilometres long. Ironstone formation appears to have been promoted by: (a) drowning of the arch, which progressively curtailed sediment supply; and (b) enhanced reworking over the shallowly submerged arch and over a fault-bounded block that underwent episodic vertical movement of 10–20 m during Bad Heart deposition. Allomember 2 also shoals upwards from mudstone to bioturbated and laminated silty sandstone but lacks ooids, apparently reflecting a rejuvenated supply of detrital sediment from the arch. The marine ravinement surface above allomember 2 is a Skolithos firmground, above which is developed a regional blanket of ooidal sediment. In the east, ooids are dispersed in a bioturbated silty sandstone with abundant evidence of repeated reworking and early siderite and phosphate cements. Westwards, this facies grades, over about 40 km, into almost clastic-free ooidal ironstone about 5 m thick; the lateral facies change may reflect progressive clastic starvation distal to a low-relief source area. The two allomembers are interpreted to reflect eustatic oscillations of about 10 m, superimposed on episodic tectonic warping and block-faulting events. The development of ooidal ironstone immediately above initial marine flooding surfaces indicates a close relationship to marine transgression, reflecting sediment-starved conditions. Ironstone does not appear to be related to either sequence boundaries or maximum flooding surfaces. The Bad Heart Formation is blanketed by marine mudstone deposited in response to major flexural subsidence and rejuvenation of clastic sources in the Cordillera to the SW. 相似文献
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Although the Permian–Triassic Semanggol Formation is widely distributed in northwestern Peninsula Malaysia and is made of various lithofacies, its sedimentology and possible relation with the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) were not considered before. In this study, detailed facies analysis was conducted for two sections of the Semanggol Formation at the Bukit Kukus and Baling areas, South Kedah to clarify its sedimentology and relation to the PTB. Four facies from the Permian part of the Semanggol Formation that were identified at the Bukit Kukus section include laminated black mudstone, interbedded mudstone and sandstone, volcanogenic sediments, and bedded chert. In Baling area, the Triassic part of the formation is classified into three members. The lower member comprises of claystone and bedded chert facies, while the middle member is composed of sandstone and claystone interbeds (rhythmite). On the other hand, the upper member is grouped into two main units. The lower unit is mainly claystone and includes two facies: the varve-like laminated silt and clay and massive black claystone. The upper unit is composed of various sandstone lithofacies ranging from hummocky cross stratified (HCS) sandstone to thinly laminated sandstone to burrowed sandstone facies. The HCS sandstones occur as two units of fine-grained poorly sorted sandstone with clay lenses as flaser structure and are separated by a hard iron crust. They also show coarse grains of lag deposits at their bases. The laminated black mudstone at the lowermost part of the Semanggol Formation represents a reducing and quite conditions, which is most probably below the fairweather wave base in offshore environment that changed upwards into a fining upward sequence of tide environment. Abundance of chert beds in the volcanogenic sediments suggests the deposition of tuffs and volcanic ashes in deep marine setting which continues to form the Permian pelagic bedded chert and claystone. The bedded chert in the lower member of the Triassic section suggests its formation in deep marine conditions. The rhythmic sandstone and claystone interbeds of the middle member are suggestive for its formation as a distal fan of a turbidite sequence. Lithology and primary sedimentary structure of the upper member suggest its deposition in environments range from deep marine represented by the varve-like laminated silt and clay to subtidal environment corresponds to the massive black claystone to coastal environment represented by the hummocky sandstone units and reaches the maximum regression at the hiatus surface. Another cycle of transgression can be indicated from the second hummocky unit with transgressive lag deposits that develops to relatively deeper conditions as indicated from the formation of relatively thick laminated sandstone and bioturbated massive sandstone facies that represent tidal and subtidal environment, respectively. Late Permian lithological variation from the radiolarian chert into early Triassic claystone probably resulted from a decrease in productivity of radiolarians and might represent a PTB in the Semanggol Formation. Volcanogenic sediments in the studied section can be used as an evidence for volcanic activities at the end of the Permian, which is probably connected to the nearby volcanic ash layers in the eastern China, the ultimate cause of the PTB in this area. Black mudstone in the Permian part of the studied section may be interrelated to the Latest Permian Anoxia that started to build in the deep ocean well before the event on shallow shelves. 相似文献
10.
Luis A. Spalletti 《Geological Journal》1993,28(2):137-148
The Sierra Grande Formation (Silurian-Early Devonian) consists of quartz arenites associated with clast supported conglomerates, mudstones, shales and ironstones. Eight sedimentary facies are recognized: cross-stratified and massive sandstone, plane bedded sandstone, ripple laminated sandstone, interstratified sandstone and mudstone, laminated mudstone and shale, oolitic ironstone, massive conglomerate and sheet conglomerate lags. These facies are interpreted as shallow marine deposits, ranging from foreshore to inner platform environments. Facies associations, based on vertical relationships among lithofacies, suggest several depositional zones: (a) beach to upper shoreface, with abundant plane bedded and massive bioturbated sandstones; (b) upper shoreface to breaker zone, characterized by multistorey cross-stratified and massive sandstone bodies interpreted as subtidal longshore-flow induced sand bars; (c) subtidal, nearshore tidal sand bars, consisting of upward fining sandstone sequences; (d) lower shoreface zone, dominated by ripple laminated sandstone, associated with cross-stratified and horizontal laminated sandstone, formed by translatory and oscillatory flows; and (e) transitional nearshore-offshore and inner platform zones, with heterolithic and pelitic successions, and oolitic ironstone horizons. Tidal currents, fair weather waves and storm events interacted during the deposition of the Sierra Grande Formation. However, the relevant features of the siliciclastics suggest that fair weather and storm waves were the most important mechanisms in sediment accumulation. The Silurian-Lower Devonian platform was part of a continental interior sag located between southern South America and southern Africa. The Sierra Grande Formation was deposited during a second order sea level rise, in which a shallow epeiric sea flooded a deeply weathered low relief continent. 相似文献
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湘中下石炭统测水组沉积层序及幕式聚煤作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
下石炭统测水组是我国南方主要含煤地层之一，煤系及煤层在湘中地区发育最佳，该区测水组形成于碎屑滨岸障壁－泻湖沉积体系中。文中对测水组沉积层序及其所反映的海平面变化历史进行了分析，提出测水组上段底部砂岩是海侵背景下形成的障壁砂坝或障璧岛，其底部侵蚀面是海侵冲刷面（ravinement surface)。同时提出测水组下段三、五煤层的形成与受海平面变化控制的幕式聚煤作用（episodie coal accumulation)有关，后者系指海平面下降阶段横跨不同相区的区域性聚煤作用。 相似文献
13.
本区太原组和山西组为一套过渡环境的沉积.太原组为有障壁海岸沉积体系和三角洲沉积环境.区内主要煤层的聚煤特征为太原组中的15、9及8号煤层均为层位稳定.厚度较大的全区稳定可采煤层;山西组的6号煤层为层位较稳定.厚度有些变化的较稳定部分可系煤系. 相似文献
14.
山西静乐舍科勘查区主要含煤地层为上石炭统太原组和下二叠统山西组,通过对区内地质成果分析,本区太原组沉积环境由河控三角洲到潟湖、潮坪交替出现,期间发育两次碳酸盐台地,岩性主要以灰岩、泥岩、中粗砂岩和粉、细砂岩为主,含主要可采煤层9煤层;山西组主要为三角洲平原分流河道相、泛滥盆地相和泥炭沼泽相,以砂岩、粉砂岩、砂质泥岩为主,含主要可采煤层4-1、4煤层;4-1号煤层属大部可采的较稳定煤层,4和9号煤层属全区可采的较稳定煤层;本区主要煤类均为焦煤,资源量丰富,煤质较好,具有较高的开发价值。 相似文献
15.
厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组层序地层模式与岩性地层圈闭预测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
应用经典层序地层学方法,通过不整合面、钻测井等标志将厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组划分为5个三级层序;以地层叠置样式、岩性、岩相的变化细分出陆架边缘、海侵和高位体系域。陆架边缘体系域以潮汐水道沉积为特征;海侵体系域以广泛分布的陆棚相泥岩沉积为特征;高位体系域发育加积式陆棚相灰岩沉积。最后识别出潮汐水道砂体、水下浅滩和M1岩性尖灭带3种有利的岩性地层圈闭,综合预测Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组的潮汐水道砂体发育区是最有利的勘探方向。 相似文献
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The lower part of the Cretaceous Sego Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in east‐central Utah contains three 10‐ to 20‐m thick layers of tide‐deposited sandstone arranged in a forward‐ and then backward‐stepping stacking pattern. Each layer of tidal sandstone formed during an episode of shoreline regression and transgression, and offshore wave‐influenced marine deposits separating these layers formed after subsequent shoreline transgression and marine ravinement. Detailed facies architecture studies of these deposits suggest sandstone layers formed on broad tide‐influenced river deltas during a time of fluctuating relative sea‐level. Shale‐dominated offshore marine deposits gradually shoal and become more sandstone‐rich upward to the base of a tidal sandstone layer. The tidal sandstones have sharp erosional bases that formed as falling relative sea‐level allowed tides to scour offshore marine deposits. The tidal sandstones were deposited as ebb migrating tidal bars aggraded on delta fronts. Most delta top deposits were stripped during transgression. Where the distal edge of a deltaic sandstone is exposed, a sharp‐based stack of tidal bar deposits successively fines upward recording a landward shift in deposition after maximum lowstand. Where more proximal parts of a deltaic‐sandstone are exposed, a sharp‐based upward‐coarsening succession of late highstand tidal bar deposits is locally cut by fluvial valleys, or tide‐eroded estuaries, formed during relative sea‐level lowstand or early stages of a subsequent transgression. Estuary fills are highly variable, reflecting local depositional processes and variable rates of sediment supply along the coastline. Lateral juxtaposition of regressive deltaic deposits and incised transgressive estuarine fills produced marked facies changes in sandstone layers along strike. Estuarine fills cut into the forward‐stepped deltaic sandstone tend to be more deeply incised and richer in sandstone than those cut into the backward‐stepped deltaic sandstone. Tidal currents strongly influenced deposition during both forced regression and subsequent transgression of shorelines. This contrasts with sandstones in similar basinal settings elsewhere, which have been interpreted as tidally influenced only in transgressive parts of depositional successions. 相似文献
17.
措勤盆地是西藏近年来矿产勘查的重要地区之一,其北部川巴地区是目前的煤炭资源调查远景地区。川巴地区下白垩统由下而上可划分为则弄群、多尼组和郎山组。在对川巴地区下白垩统露头剖面沉积特征研究的基础上,结合区域地质资料,共识别出浅海泥质陆棚、碳酸盐岩台地、混积台地、潮坪、辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲和辫状河7种沉积相。则弄群岩性主要为火山碎屑岩、细砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、砂岩,发育扇三角洲相;多尼组岩性主要为细砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、砂岩、泥岩及灰岩,夹炭质泥岩和薄煤层,发育辫状河、辫状河三角洲、混积台地和浅海泥质陆棚相;郎山组岩性主要为灰岩,夹细砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩,发育潮坪、混积台地和碳酸盐岩台地相。基于沉积相分析的聚煤规律研究,指出川巴地区主要成煤环境为多尼组辫状河三角洲平原分流间湾,阿格桑至川巴一线及其以东一带地区,是本区主要的聚煤作用带。 相似文献
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淮南矿区煤层为石炭二叠纪煤层,13-1煤属下石盒子组,煤层全区稳定,平均厚度为3．5m。由于该区视电阻率曲线在砂岩及煤层反映为高电阻率,而泥岩电阻率相对平缓,针对这个特点,利用约束稀疏脉冲反演方法,结合地震数据,重构富含顶底板砂泥岩信息的波阻抗曲线,得到了联井波阻抗剖面及煤层顶板属性切片图,该成果图可清晰反映13—1煤层及顶板以上10m范围内的砂、泥分布。通过该实例的应用,对如何建立地质模型、重构波阻抗的方法、子波估算方法及稀疏脉冲反演中的A值的选择等几个重要环节进行了剖析。 相似文献
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20.
山西宁武煤田的大同组 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
宁武煤田的大同组主要由黄绿色、灰绿色砂岩、砂质泥岩、粉砂岩及泥岩组成，夹有薄层灰岩及煤层，为一套湖泊到湖泊三角洲相含煤沉积。底界置于铜川组紫红色泥岩之顶，顶界为云岗组灰绿色砂岩之底，厚２８３～４６１ｍ。本组含丰富的植物化石，可归于Ｃｏｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ－Ｐｈｏｅｎｉｃｏｐｓｉｓ植物群，时代为中侏罗世。 相似文献