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1.
Abstract: The Fengshan porphyry-skarn copper–molybdenum (Cu–Mo) deposit is located in the south-eastern Hubei Province in east China. Cu–Mo mineralization is hosted in the Fengshan granodiorite porphyry stock that intruded the Triassic Daye Formation carbonate rocks in the early Cretaceous (~140 Ma), as well as the contact zone between granodiorite porphyry stock and carbonate rocks, forming the porphyry-type and skarn-type association. The Fengshan granodiorite stock and the immediate country rocks are strongly fractured and intensely altered by hydrothermal fluids. In addition to intense skarn alteration, the prominent alteration types are potassic, phyllic, and propylitic, whereas argillation is less common. Mineralization occurs as veins, stock works, and disseminations, and the main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, bornite, and magnetite. The contents of palladium, platinum and gold (Pd, Pt and Au) are determined in nine samples from fresh and mineralized granodiorite and different types of altered rocks. The results show that the Pd content is systematically higher than Pt, which is typical for porphyry ore deposits worldwide. The Pt content ranges from 0.037 to1.765 ppb, and the Pd content ranges between 0.165 and 17.979 ppb. Pd and Pt are more concentrated in porphyry mineralization than skarn mineralization, and have negative correlations with Au. The reconnaissance study presented here confirms the existence of Pd and Pt in the Fengshan porphyry-skarn Cu–Mo deposit. When compared with intracontinent and island arc geotectonic settings, the Pd, Pt, and Au contents in the Fengshan porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in the intracontinent is lower than the continental margin types and island are types. A combination of available data indicates that Pd and Pt were derived from oxidized alkaline magmas generated by the partial melting of an enriched mantle source.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract. Early Cretaceous granitic intrusions are associated with Au‐quartz veins and Cu‐Fe skarns in the the Kitakami Mountains, which are underlain by the late Paleozoic of continental margin‐type sedimentary rocks and Mesozoic accretionary complexes. The plutonic rocks are divided into potassic, high‐Sr/Y calc‐alkaline and low‐Sr/Y calc‐alkaline series. All the metallic mineral deposits are spatially associated with small stocks and plugs; they show no consistent association with the larger plutonic bodies. The plutonic rocks generally belong to the magnetite series but less oxidized in the southwestern part of the Kitakami Mountains where Au‐quartz veins occur. The gold deposits are classified into high and low sulfide types. The high sulfide type contains a high volume of sulfide minerals mostly of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite with low bulk Au/Ag ratios. This type occurs almost exclusively in and surrounding the Orikabe pluton, including two most important gold deposits (Oya and Kohoku) of the Kitakami Mountains. The pluton is composed of potassic gabbroids, potassic granitoids of the shoshonite ‐ high‐K calc‐alkaline series (Orikabe type), and less potassic Sasamori‐type granodiorite. All these rocks belong to a moderately oxidized magnetite series. The Orikabe pluton has one of the lowest initial Sr ratio (0.70392) in the Kitakami Mountains, and the Au‐Cu‐dominant ore components of the high sulfide type Au deposits are considered magmatic in origin carried by the juvenile magmas from the upper mantle. The low sulfide type is generally plain quartz vein with a low volume of sulfides and a high bulk Au/Ag ratio. The associated minerals are often scheelite and/or arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. The ore deposits include historically famed Au‐quartz veins at Shishiori and Ogayu. They are widespread in the southwestern Kitakami Mountains and may be later than the high sulfide type in age, and are hosted most commonly in the sedimentary rocks, which surround small weakly oxidized magnetite‐series plutons of low to intermediate Sr/Y series. These less differentiated intrusions typically include quartz dior‐ite and granodiorite. Some ore components of this type may have derived from the host sedimentary rocks. Among other mineral deposit types in the region, the largest ore deposit is Kamaishi Cu‐Fe skarn (magnetite ores of 58 MT, Fe 50–64 %; Cu 143 KT). It is related to the high‐Sr/Y series Ganidake granodiorite stock, which is a strongly oxidized magnetite‐series body. In contrast, the second largest deposit in the mountains, Akagane deposit, is a similar‐type skarn but associated with an intrusion classified as less oxidized, ilmenite to intermediate series, and that is intermediate in Sr/Y of calc‐alkaline series granodiorite. Degree of magmatic differentiation appears to be not critical factor in the formation of Au‐quartz vein and Cu‐Fe skarn deposits in the region, but is definitely significant for controlling the distribution of the Mo‐mineralization to the east.  相似文献   

3.
The Lapa gold deposit contains reserves of 2.4 Mt at 6.5 g/t Au and is one of the few deposits located directly within the Cadillac–Larder Lake Fault Zone (CLLFZ), a first-order crustal-scale fault that separates the Archean Abitibi Subprovince from the Pontiac Subprovince to the south. Gold mineralization is predominantly hosted in highly strained and altered, upper greenschist–lower amphibolite facies mafic to ultramafic rocks of the Piché Group. Auriferous ore zones consist of finely disseminated auriferous arsenopyrite–pyrrhotite?±?pyrite and native gold disseminated in biotite- and carbonate-altered wall rocks. Native gold, which is also present in quartz ± dolomite–calcite veinlets, is locally associated with Sb-bearing minerals, especially at depth ≤1 km from surface where the deposit is characterized by a Au–Sb–As association. At vertical depth greater than 1 km, gold is associated with arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite (Au–As association). The mineralogy and paragenesis of the Lapa deposit metamorphosed ore and alteration assemblages record the superposition of three metamorphic episodes (M1, M2, and M3) and three gold mineralizing events. Spatial association between biotitized wall rocks and auriferous arsenopyrite indicates that arsenopyrite precipitation is concomitant with potassic alteration. The predominant Au–As association recognized across the deposit is related to gold in solid solution in arsenopyrite as part of a pre-M2 low-grade auriferous hydrothermal event. However, the occurrence of hornblende?+?oligoclase porphyroblasts overprinting the biotite alteration, and the presence of porous clusters and porphyroblasts of arsenopyrite with native gold and pyrrhotite indicate an auriferous metasomatic event associated with peak M2 prograde metamorphism. Late retrograde metamorphism (M3) overprints the hornblende–oligoclase M2 assemblage within the host rocks proximal to ore by an actinolite–albite assemblage by precipitation of free gold and Sb–sulfosalts at lower P–T. The complex relationships between ore, structural features, and metamorphic assemblages at Lapa are related to the tectonometamorphic evolution of the Cadillac–Larder Lake Fault Zone at different times and crustal levels, and varying heat and fluid flow regimes. The Lapa deposit demonstrates that early, low-grade gold mineralization within the Cadillac–Larder Lake Fault Zone has benefited from late gold enrichment(s) during prograde and retrograde metamorphism, suggesting that multi-stage processes may be important to form gold-rich orogenic deposits in first order crustal-scale structures.  相似文献   

4.
云南北衙矿床是中国21世纪初新发现的超大型矽卡岩-斑岩型金多金属矿床之一,除已经勘查评价的Au、Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素外,还伴生有一定量的W元素等有益组分。文章对北衙金多金属矿床万硐山矿段及外围马头湾和南大坪矿区中的钨矿化开展系统的岩石学和矿物学研究,初步查明了万硐山矿段和其外围矿床中的钨矿化特征。研究发现,这些矿区(段)的含钨矿物主要为白钨矿,在万硐山矿段和马头湾矿区还有少量的黑钨矿产出;钨矿化主要产于岩体与围岩地层接触部位的矽卡岩或其退化蚀变岩中,白钨矿多充填在石榴子石等矿物的晶体间隙,个别被石榴子石包裹(南大坪矿区);万硐山矿段和马头湾矿区中的白钨矿具有较高的w(Mo)。这些特征表明,北衙地区的钨矿化作用与典型矽卡岩型白钨矿矿床基本一致。万硐山矿段中白钨矿交代黑钨矿的过程与磁铁矿的结晶过程密切相关,暗示钨矿化与铁、金矿化作用是同一成矿作用的产物。北衙地区的区域土壤W元素地球化学异常具有良好的浓度分级,且部分异常中心与已知的矿床/点明显对应,说明北衙地区具有良好的钨矿找矿潜力,白钨矿和黑钨矿均可以作为找矿标志性矿物,而Mo元素地球化学异常则可以作为间接找矿标志。  相似文献   

5.
The Mupane gold deposit, which is one of the numerous gold occurrences in the Tati Greenstone Belt in the northeastern part of Botswana, consists of four orebodies, namely Tau, Tawana, Kwena, and Tholo deposits. The present research, which focuses on the genesis of the Tau deposit, was based on ore petrography, mineral chemistry of sulfides, and sulfur isotope data. Mineralogical characteristics of the host rocks indicate that banded iron formation at the Tau deposit includes iron oxides (magnetite), carbonates (siderite and ankerite), silicates (chlorite and amphibole), and sulfides (arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite). The deposit features arsenopyrite-rich zones associated with biotite-chlorite veins, which are indicative of the precipitation of arsenopyrite concomitant with potassic alteration. The replacement of magnetite by pyrrhotite in some samples suggests that sulfidation was likely the dominant gold precipitation mechanism because it is considered to have destabilized gold-thiocomplexes in the ore-forming fluids. Based on textural relationships and chemical composition, arsenopyrite is interpreted to reflect two generations. Arsenopyrite 1 is possibly early in origin, sieve textured with abundant inclusions of pyrrhotite. Arsenopyrite 1 was then overgrown by late arsenopyrite 2 with no porous textures and rare inclusions of pyrrhotite. Gold mineralization was initiated by focused fluid flow and sulfidation of the oxide facies banded iron formation, leading to an epigenetic gold mineralization. The mineralogical assemblages, textures, and mineral chemistry data at the Tau gold deposit revealed two-stage gold mineralizations commencing with the deposition of invisible gold in arsenopyrite 1 followed by the later formation of native gold during hydrothermal alteration and post-depositional recrystallization of arsenopyrite 1. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of arsenopyrite from the Tau deposit revealed that the hydrothermal event responsible for the formation of late native gold also affected the distribution of other trace elements within the grains as evidenced by varying trace elements contents in arsenopyrite 1 and arsenopyrite 2. The range of δ34S of gold-bearing assemblages from the Tau deposit is restricted from +1.6 to +3.9‰, which is typical of Archean orogenic gold deposits and indicates that overall reduced hydrothermal conditions prevailed during the gold mineralization process at the Tau deposit. The results from this study suggest that gold mineralization involved multi-processes such as sulfidation, metamorphism, deformation, hydrothermal alteration, and gold remobilization.  相似文献   

6.
Orogenic disseminated and Carlin gold deposits share much similarity in alteration and mineralization.The disseminated orogenic Zhenyuan Au deposit along the Ailaoshan shear zone,southeastern Tibet,was selected to clarify their difference.The alteration and mineralization from the different lithologies,including meta-quartz sandstone,carbonaceous slate,meta-(ultra)mafic rock,quartz porphyry and lamprophyre were researched.According to the mineral assemblage and replacement relationship in all types of host rocks,two reactions show general control on gold deposition:(1)replacement of earlier magnetite by pyrite and carbonaceous material;(2)alteration of biotite and phlogopite phenocrysts in quartz porphyry and lamprophyre into dolomite/ankerite and sericite.Despite the lamprophyre is volumetrically minor and much less fractured than other host rocks,it contains a large portion of Au reserve,indicating that the chemically active lithology has played a more important role in gold precipitation compared to structure.LA-ICP-MS analysis shows that Au mainly occurs as invisible gold in fine-grained pyrite disseminated in the host rocks,with Au content reaching to 258.95 ppm.The diagenetic core of pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone enriched in Co,Ni,Mo,Ag and Hg is wrapped by hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,As,Sb,Au,Tl,Pb and Bi.Different host rock lithology has much impact on the alteration and mineralization features.Carbonate and sericite in altered lamprophyre show they have higher Mg than those developed in other of host rocks denoting that the carbonate and sericite incorporated Mg from phlogopite phenocrysts in the primary lamprophyre during alteration.The ore fluid activated the diagenetic pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone leading the hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,Mo,Ag,Sb,Te,Hg,Tl,Pb and Bi,but the hydrothermal pyrite in meta-(ultra)mafic rock is enriched in Co and Ni as the meta-(ultra)mafic rock host rock contain high content of Co and Ni.However,Au and As shear similar range in both types of host rocks indicating that these two elements most likely come from the deep source fluid rather than the host rocks.It was shown in the disseminated orogenic gold deposit that similar hydrothermal alteration with mineral assemblage of carbonate(mainly dolomite and ankerite),sericite,pyrite and arsenopyrite develops in all types of host rocks.This is different from the Nevada Carlin type,in which alteration is mainly dissolution and silicification of carbonate host rock.On the other hand,Au mainly occur as invisible gold in both disseminated orogenic and Carlin gold deposits.  相似文献   

7.
肖文进 《地质与勘探》2023,59(5):921-931
新疆天宇北金钨矿地处沙泉子断裂以南的中天山地块,为近年新发现的钨矿点,产于新太古界-古元古界天湖岩群碳酸盐岩与晚元古代斜长片麻状花岗岩、晚石炭世-早二叠世二长花岗岩接触带,且与以钨为主的1∶5万岩屑测量综合异常对应,与北山地区钨钼矿为同一成矿带,金钨矿具有多期岩浆活动及成矿作用特点。该矿点矿床类型属矽卡岩型钨矿,矿化以白钨矿化为主,伴生金,含矿二长花岗岩成矿时代为华力西期。槽探工程控制矿体长大于220 m,平均厚2.70 m,WO3平均品位0.46%。钻探工程和物探异常激电测深双验证表明：钨矿化带在深部有一定的延伸。在该区及外围,围绕前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层与中酸性岩浆岩的接触带,开展钨多金属地质找矿工作,找矿潜力大。  相似文献   

8.
《Applied Geochemistry》1993,8(4):339-356
The abundant data available on the geochemistry and mineralogy of the Herynian gold deposit of Le Chaˆtelet (Massif Central, France) formed the basis for an analysis of the complex signature of a gold deposit and its hydrothermal alteration haloes. This study describes the deposit and its environment at various scales.The sulfide paragenesis of the Le Chaˆtelet deposit resulted from several stages, one of which was an event responsible for the deposition of Au-bearing arsenopyrite quartz veins; the Au is contained within the arsenopyrite lattice. Hydrothermal activity associated with these veins produced two superimposed alteration haloes: an outer halo of kaolinite + tosudite + siderite alteration that developed at the expense of the plagioclase minerals, and an inner halo of illite±siderite alteration that affected all the minerals. The hydrothermal alteration was followed by silicification of the wall rocks and then deposition of the Au-bearing arsenopyrite.The hydrothermal alteration related to the event also generated geochemical signatures such as Li, B, LREE, As, Sb, Au and W anomalies. Mineralogical studies and geochemical analyses of the hydrothermal facies show that: (1) the anomalous Li is trapped mainly in the tosudite lattice and to a lesser degree in the illite lattice; and (2) the B is probably located in tosudite and illite lattices. Arsenic, Sb and Au are contained in the arsenopyrite lattice.During weathering, the lithochemical signatures (determined by the analytical techniques used in this study) lose some of their specific characteristics, depending on the original concentrations. At deposit scale (0.25–1.0 km2), B and Li in the soill profiles indicate zones of hydrothermal alteration, whereas As and Au indicate zones of mineralization. At a regional scale, the association of Au, Li and B in stream sediments is characteristics of this type of mineralization. Therefore, in the hydrothermal setting described at Le Chaˆtelet, Au, As, Li and B appear, at all scales, to be dependable pathfinders for Au-bearing hydrothermal systems of possible economic interest.  相似文献   

9.
The Shwe Min Bon Cu–Au skarn deposit lies within one of the largest Au–Cu belts in Myanmar. The deposit is situated along the Shan scarp zone, which marks the boundary between the Myanmar central basin to the west and the Shan plateau to the east. The Shwe Min Bon deposit comprises skarn‐type metasomatic alteration, and the Cu–Au mineralization occurs along the contact face between the Nwabangyi Dolomite and Shweminbon Formation and the Cretaceous dioritic rocks. The metasomatic process resulted in pro‐ and retrograde mineral assemblages in exoskarn. Hydrothermal activities in the Shwe Min Bon deposit are classified into prograde, retrograde stage I, and retrograde stage II. The prograde skarn is classified into a proximal garnet skarn with minor clinopyroxene and a distal wollastonite skarn. Chlorite, epidote, and tremolite–actinolite were formed during the retrograde stage I. Cu–Au mineralization mainly occurred in retrograde stage I, which was characterized by moderate temperatures (260–320 °C) and fluid with a moderate salinity (5.0–6.0% NaCl equiv.). Low temperature (180–200 °C) and low salinity (2.0–3.0% NaCl equiv.) were responsible for retrograde stage II. Au mineralization is mainly associated with chalcopyrite and tennantite in retrograde stage I and with tellurobismuthite in retrograde stage II.  相似文献   

10.
Mineral assemblages, chemical compositions of ore minerals, wall rock alteration and fluid inclusions of the Gatsuurt gold deposit in the North Khentei gold belt of Mongolia were investigated to characterize the gold mineralization, and to clarify the genetic processes of the ore minerals. The gold mineralization of the deposit occurs in separate Central and Main zones, and is characterized by three ore types: (i) low‐grade disseminated and stockwork ores; (ii) moderate‐grade quartz vein ores; and (iii) high‐grade silicified ores, with average Au contents of approximately 1, 3 and 5 g t?1 Au, respectively. The Au‐rich quartz vein and silicified ore mineralization is surrounded by, or is included within, the disseminated and stockwork Au‐mineralization region. The main ore minerals are pyrite (pyrite‐I and pyrite‐II) and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite‐I and arsenopyrite‐II). Moderate amounts of galena, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and minor jamesonite, bournonite, boulangerite, geocronite, scheelite, geerite, native gold and zircon are associated. Abundances and grain sizes of the ore minerals are variable in ores with different host rocks. Small grains of native gold occur as fillings or at grain boundaries of pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite in the disseminated and stockwork ores and silicified ores, whereas visible native gold of variable size occurs in the quartz vein ores. The ore mineralization is associated with sericitic and siliceous alteration. The disseminated and stockwork mineralization is composed of four distinct stages characterized by crystallization of (i) pyrite‐I + arsenopyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite‐II, (iii) galena + tetrahedrite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + jamesonite + bournonite + scheelite, and iv) boulangerite + native gold, respectively. In the quartz vein ores, four crystallization stages are also recognized: (i) pyrite‐I, (ii) pyrite‐II + arsenopyrite + galena + Ag‐rich tetrahedrite‐tennantite + sphalerite + chalcopyrite + bournonite, (iii) geocronite + geerite + native gold, and (iv) native gold. Two mineralization stages in the silicified ores are characterized by (i) pyrite + arsenopyrite + tetrahedrite + chalcopyrite, and (ii) galena + sphalerite + native gold. Quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Main zone contains CO2‐rich, halite‐bearing aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 194 to 327°C, whereas quartz in the disseminated and stockwork ores of the Central zone contains CO2‐rich and aqueous fluid inclusions with homogenization temperatures ranging from 254 to 355°C. The textures of the ores, the mineral assemblages present, the mineralization sequences and the fluid inclusion data are consistent with orogenic classification for the Gatsuurt deposit.  相似文献   

11.
内蒙古赤峰山金-多金属矿床特征及找矿方向   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
赤峰山金．多金属矿位于北山多金属成矿带，区内共发现金．多金属矿脉114条，其中金和含金矿脉19条，均产于华力西晚期黑云二长花岗岩体和斑状花岗闪长岩株北接触带上的蓟县系平顶山群大理岩中，受接触带夕卡岩化带及近EW、NE、NW和NNW向断裂所控制。在空间上由内一外依次分布着高温热液接触交代夕卡岩型铜．铁矿床，中低温热液型金．铅．多金属矿床，明显地反映出岩浆热液型矿床自高一中一中低温的水平分带特征，呈现出与一般热液型矿床相一致的成矿序列。中酸性小岩株、岩枝与碳酸盐岩内外接触带的破碎带是赋矿的有利部位，夕卡岩化带以及地表遭受强烈氧化而形成的氧化铅及砷酸岩矿物是直接的找矿标志。  相似文献   

12.
The Bolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit is a newly discovered deposit in the central Tibetan Plateau, and is ranked as the second largest copper deposit discovered to date in the Bangong‐Nujiang metallogenic belt in China. Three granodiorite porphyry phases occur within the Bolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit. Phyllic alteration is widespread on the surface of the deposit, and potassic alteration occurs at depth, associated with granodiorite porphyries. The copper and gold mineralization is clearly related to the potassic and phyllic alteration. Multiple chronometers were applied to constrain the timing of magmatic–hydrothermal activity at the Bolong deposit. Zircon U–Pb geochronology reveals that the granodiorite porphyry phases were emplaced at ca. 120 Ma. Re–Os data of four molybdenite samples from quartz–molybednite veinlets yielded an isochron age of 119.4 ± 1.3 Ma. The plateau age of hydrothermal K‐feldspar from the potassic alteration zone, analyzed by 40Ar/39Ar dating, is 118.3 ± 0.6 Ma, with a similar reverse isochron age of 118.5 ± 0.7 Ma. Therefore, the magmatic–hydrothermal activity occurred at ca. 120–118 Ma, which is similar in age to the neighboring Duobuza porphyry copper deposit. The period of 120–118 Ma is therefore important for the development of porphyry Cu–Au mineralization in the central Tibetan Plateau, and these porphyry deposits were formed during the final stages of the northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean.  相似文献   

13.
北山地区金矿床金的赋存状态和金矿物特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
甘肃北山地区金矿床主要有岩浆热液型金矿床和与韧性剪切带有关的金矿床,矿化类型为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。金多呈独立金矿物形式出现,少放许呈分散状;金矿物以银金矿为主,次为自然金,平均成色７７２;金矿物以粒间金、裂隙金、连生金、连生金和包体金等形成嵌布于石英、黄铁矿、方铅矿及闪锌矿等主要载物较为发育。金矿物特征反映出本区金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于变质岩,华力西－印支期中酸性岩浆活动是主要的动力源。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract. Lermontovskoe tungsten skarn deposit in central Sikhote-Alin is concluded to have formed at 132 Ma in the Early Cretaceous, based on K-Ar age data for muscovite concentrates from high-grade scheelite ore and greisenized granite. Late Paleozoic limestone in Jurassic - early Early Cretaceous accretionary complexes was replaced during hydrothermal activity related to the Lermontovskoe granodiorite stock of reduced type. The ores, characterized by Mo-poor scheelite and Fe3+- poor mineral assemblages, indicate that this deposit is a reduced-type tungsten skarn (Sato, 1980, 1982), in accordance with the reduced nature of the granodiorite stock.
The Lermontovskoe deposit, the oldest mineralization so far known in the Sikhote-Alin orogen, formed in the initial stage of Early Cretaceous felsic magmatism. The magmatism began shortly after the accretionary tectonics ceased, suggesting an abrupt change of subduction system. Style of the Early Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization is significantly different between central Sikhote-Alin and Northeast Japan; reduced-type and oxidized-type, respectively. The different styles may reflect different tectonic environments; compressional and extensional, respectively. These two areas, which were closer together before the opening of the Japan Sea in the Miocene, may have been juxtaposed under a transpressional tectonic regime after the magmatism.  相似文献   

15.
王春林 《地质与勘探》2018,54(2):264-273
郎都铜矿位于义敦-中甸岛弧带南段,红山复式背斜北东翼。矿体主要赋存于张性破碎带、层间破碎带、褶皱的转折端以及外接触带。矿床的形成与围岩性质、构造破碎带和围岩蚀变类型有较为直接的联系。矿床类型属接触交代热液型铜矿床,与成矿有密切关系的岩体为石英二长斑岩,围岩为碳酸盐岩类中的灰岩类,典型的矽卡岩矿物为透辉石,其次为石榴子石,其中透辉石矽卡岩含矿性明显高于石榴子石矽卡岩。根据同位素研究成果,郎都铜矿的成矿年龄大致为214.8±3.8 Ma;成矿的大地构造环境属于造山带环境。成矿物质主要来源为下地壳,次为地幔,具备壳幔混合和深源-浅源混合的特征。矿床的形成是多期次交代作用叠加的结果,具典型的矽卡岩型铜矿床基本特征。  相似文献   

16.
丘岭金矿床是西秦岭地区重要的卡林型金矿之一, 金矿化赋存于上泥盆统南阳山组和下石炭统袁家沟组地层中, 容矿岩石的岩性为钙质粉砂岩、粉砂质页岩和泥质灰岩.金矿石中主要金属矿物为黄铁矿和毒砂, 非金属矿物则以石英、方解石和绢云母为主.通过对矿石矿物黄铁矿和毒砂的扫描电镜-能谱分析、电子探针分析和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析, 对丘岭金矿床金的赋存形式和富集机理进行了较为详细的研究.结果表明, 丘岭金矿床中金主要以次显微不可见金的形式存在, 其次为显微可见金.次显微金包括: (1)固溶体金(Au+), 主要存在于环带状细粒黄铁矿的含砷增生边区域和毒砂中, 少量存在于环带状黄铁矿的核部不含砷区域; (2)纳米级自然金颗粒(Au0), 存在于粗晶黄铁矿中.环带状细粒黄铁矿核部的次显微金可能主要以胶体吸附的形式存在, 暗示容矿岩石在沉积成岩过程中有金的初步富集, 而环带状黄铁矿幔部和毒砂中的Au则主要来源于成矿流体, 以S和As的络合物形式搬运.显微可见金主要分布在细粒黄铁矿的晶体边缘和热液蚀变绢云母、石英及方解石中, 粒径通常小于3~5 μm, 其形成可能与成矿流体中金的局部过饱和及成矿流体对细粒黄铁矿和毒砂中次显微金的活化和再次富集有关.   相似文献   

17.
含金夕卡岩矿床产出构造环境和地质地球化学评价标志   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
近十几年来,含金夕卡岩矿床的勘查与研究在国内外取得了很大的进展,发现了一批大型矿床,从而引人注目。含金夕卡岩矿床主要集中分布于环太平洋成矿带,按其产出构造环境可分为三类,即中（新）生代褶皱带、古生代褶皱带和地盾（台）区。控矿地层主要为石炭—二叠系和三叠系碳酸盐岩,次为第三系和寒武系等。有关岩浆岩大多为浅成钙碱性中酸性侵入岩,属Ⅰ型;时代以燕山期和喜山期为主,少数为华力西期、加里东期和印支期。含金夕卡岩绝大多数为钙夕卡岩,只有少数属镁夕卡岩,又可进一步划分为还原型和氧化型。金属矿物组合的特征是常有砷化物、铋化物和碲化物存在,Ｃｕ,Ａｕ,Ａｇ,Ａｓ,Ｂｉ,Ｔｅ,Ｃｏ和Ｓｅ等元素组合是含金夕卡岩特征性的地球化学标志。矿床（田）常具明显的交代矿化分带,并可构成一定成矿系列,其综合交代矿化分带模式,自岩体向碳酸盐围岩方向依次为：Ｃｕ（Ｍｏ）→Ｃｕ（Ｆｅ）→Ｃｕ（Ａｕ）→Ａｕ→Ａｕ（Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ａｇ）。矿物共生组合和流体包裹体研究表明,夕卡岩矿物形成于６８０～３２０℃,盐度为ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）＝５９５％～１８６％,金的沉淀发生在夕卡岩期后的退化热液交代阶段,大致相当于温度为３５０～１５３℃,盐度ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）＝２４％～?  相似文献   

18.
湖南柿竹园矽卡岩-云英岩型W-Sn-Mo-Bi矿床地质和成矿作用   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  
柿竹园钨多金属矿床由三个阶段不同成矿作用复合叠加而形成。它们分别与似斑状黑云母花岗岩、等粒黑云母花岗岩和花岗斑岩脉有着成因联系。第一阶段矿化包括含矿块状外质矽卡岩和含矿退化蚀变岩；第二阶段为云英岩矿化，在空间上叠加于块状矽卡岩及外部的大理岩；第三阶段为与锰质矽卡岩相伴生的铅锌银矿化。本文详细地描述了前两阶段矿化的地质和成矿地球化学特征，并探讨了其成矿过程。在此基础上，建立了柿竹园矿床的多阶段成矿模  相似文献   

19.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1020-1039
The Shizhuyuan deposit is the largest among the economically important polymetallic tungsten deposits in China. The deposit occurs within the thermal aureole of Yanshanian felsic intrusions that were emplaced into Devonian carbonates and marls. The mineralization can be divided into three phases that are genetically associated with three episodes of granitic emplacement-pseudoporphyritic biotite granite, equigranular biotite granite, and granite porphyry. During the emplacement of pseudoporphyritic biotite granite, thermal metamorphism and subsequent skarnization developed around the stock. The pure limestone was transformed to marble, whereas marls and argillite interlayers were changed to a series of metamorphic rocks such as grossular-diopside hornfels, wollastonite hornfels, diopside hornfels, wollastonite-vesuvianite hornfels, muscovite-K-feldspar-anorthite hornfels, and prehnitevermiculite hornfels. Because of the subsequent strong skarn development, most hornfelses later were transformed into skarns. The skarns distributed around the granite stock are mainly calcic. They are massive in structure, and are composed mainly of garnet, pyroxene, vesuvianite, and wollastonite, with interstitial fluorite, scheelite, and bismuthinite. Although there is no cassiterite in the early skarns, their tin contents average 0.1%. The distribution and compositional and mineralogical relationships of skarn minerals suggest that they formed as a result of progressive reactions of a hydrothermal solution with a limestone of generally constant composition, and that the dominant process was progressive removal of Ca and addition of other constituents to the rocks.

Following the primary skarn formation, some of the assemblages were retrograded to new assemblages such as fluorite-magnetite-salite rock, magnetite-fluorite-amphibole rock, and magnetite-fluorite-chlorite rock. The retrograde alteration of the skarns is characterized by a progressive addition of fluorine, alkali components, silica, tin, tungsten, and bismuth. A zonation from garnet-pyroxene skarn or garnet skarn, through fluorite-magnetite-salite rock, to magnetite-fluorite-chlorite rock frequently can be recognized in the deposit. All retrograde-altered rocks contain scheelite, cassiterite, molybdenite, and bismuthinite.

During the emplacement of equigranular biotite granite, skarn veins several tens of centimeters wide were developed; they contain large crystals of garnet and vesuvianite, and interstitial scheelite, wolframite, cassiterite, and molybdenite. This second stage of mineralization occurs predominantly as coarse and fine stockwork greisens, which were superimposed on the massive skarns and surrounding marble. Such W-Sn-Mo-Bi-bearing greisens can be divided into topaz greisen, protolithionite greisen, muscovite greisen, and margarite greisen. Besides calcic skarn veins and greisens, manganese skarn veinlets also were developed; they consist of rhodonite, spessartine-almandine solid solution, spessartine, and helvite. The distribution of greisens is responsible for a metal zonation—i.e., W-Sn-Mo-Bi and Sn-Be-Cu-F zones from the contact boundary between the granite stock and skarns outward in the deposit. A third stage of mineralization is represented by lead-zinc veins, which also are accompanied by manganese skarns consisting of spessartine, rhodonite, manganese-rich pyroxene, helvite, tephroite, fluorite, tourmaline, and manganese-rich phlogopite.  相似文献   

20.
江西朱溪铜钨矿床成因:来自矿物学和年代学的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
江西景德镇朱溪铜钨矿床是近年来发现的一个世界级超大型铜钨矿床。矿床地质特征、矽卡岩矿物学和成矿岩体年代学的研究表明,矿体赋存于上石炭统黄龙组大理岩与新元古界双桥山群变质岩之间的不整合界面之上,空间上具有明显的矿物组合分带特征。根据矽卡岩产状、矿物共生组合和相互关系,把成矿作用划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英-硫化物阶段、碳酸盐-萤石阶段。代表性的矽卡岩矿物组合有石榴子石、透辉石、透闪石、硅灰石、符山石、蛇纹石、绿泥石等。电子探针分析表明,石榴子石为钙铝榴石—钙铁榴石系列,辉石为透辉石—钙铁辉石系列。同位素年代学及岩浆与成矿关系的研究表明：花岗闪长岩与早期矽卡岩型矿化相关,矿化范围较小,矿石品位较低;黑云母花岗岩与云英岩型和晚期矽卡岩型的矿化相关,矿化范围较广,矿石品位较高,并获得黑云母花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（147.7±2.2）Ma。综合分析指出,朱溪铜钨矿床为晚侏罗世花岗岩浆有关的热液与晚古生代碳酸盐岩发生多阶段交代作用而形成,成矿作用以矽卡岩型和云英岩型为主。  相似文献   

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