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1.
Landscape values are a type of place value and are identified and mapped using public participation GIS (PPGIS). PPGIS engages nonexperts to identify important spatial information for environmental or natural resource planning. In 1998, we used PPGIS to identify landscape values for the Chugach National Forest (Alaska) plan revision process. In 2012, we conducted a longitudinal study of the same national forest using Internet PPGIS to identify changes in landscape values. The empirical results indicate stability in landscape values both in importance and spatial distribution. However, the use of different PPGIS methods (paper map vs. Internet) in the longitudinal study also introduced challenges in interpreting and explaining the spatial results. We discuss trade-offs in conducting longitudinal PPGIS research using mixed methods. PPGIS appears well suited for public lands planning, and national forest planning in particular, but barriers to use, such as regulatory approval, remain formidable. 相似文献
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九寨沟旅游劳工迁移微观驱动力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以九寨沟为案例地,运用混合研究方法探讨了九寨沟旅游劳工入迁的微观驱动力结构、过程和强度。研究发现:①入移动力呈前后动态变化。劳工移民初始入迁受职业收益、职业特性、旅游地吸引、社会资本和生活方式5种动力驱动,职业收益居首位,旅游地吸引其次;后继居留受职业收益、职业特性、旅游地吸引和社会资本4种动力驱动,旅游地吸引居首位,职业收益其次;②不同类型旅游劳工的迁移动力具有差异。初始入迁管理人员受事业发展和收入驱动显著,一线工作人员较多追求生活方式,个体业主和出租车司机更关注收入,景区人员更多受旅游地吸引。后继居留大企业员工首先被旅游地吸引,而个体业主和出租车司机更强调事业发展前景,旅游地吸引其次。 相似文献
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在地理学的文化转向思潮中,记忆研究逐渐受到地理学者的重视。在全球化时代,不同地方的文化将突破时空界限,在广域范围内形成全方位的沟通、交流与互动。本研究对1990至2017年国内外有关乡村记忆的研究文献进行梳理和评述。结果发现：①记忆是多学科的研究议题,近年来逐渐受到地理学者的关注。不同于国外重视对地方、景观等记忆的空间感知研究,国内更关注人对曾经生活过的地方的情感依恋。②乡村记忆作为一种地方性表达,在理性语境中与全球互动融合的同时也逐渐消解,急需进行保护与传承。③本文尝试从范式、视角、尺度、理论、内容和方法层面初步建立乡村记忆地理的研究体系,未来研究应从服务国家战略、推动地理学主导的学科交叉、构建理论体系、拓展全球-地方视阈内容集成、运用多元分析方法等方面加以深化,以期为乡村理论研究和实践发展提供有力的支撑。 相似文献
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乡村振兴下的聚落研究——来自经济地理学视角 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
论文首先从人地关系视角分析了乡村问题的背景及乡村振兴的内容逻辑,提出乡村衰退是人地关系调整滞后于社会经济发展进程的结果,乡村振兴最终目的就是调整人地关系以适应社会经济发展新阶段的生产要素价值变化。对乡村振兴地理研究的评述发现,多数关注其战略内容的实施,而对乡村人口重要载体的乡村聚落重视不够。事实上,乡村聚落与乡村振兴的关系密切,乡村聚落是乡村地区人类社会经济活动的集中场所,是乡村人地关系调整的核心和关键抓手,在乡村振兴中起关键作用。而已有的乡村聚落地理研究多聚焦空间变化,并且重实证轻机理,尤其是与乡村振兴相关联的聚落演变机理研究尚无成果问世。最后,基于乡村聚落在乡村振兴中关键作用,提出从人地关系协调出发,加强乡村聚落演变理论、乡村聚落空间结构变化趋势、乡村聚落专业化转型、乡村聚落整治优化及乡村聚落风貌景观等5个方面的研究。 相似文献
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Monitoring the change in land cover in natural places, such as ecotones, has become an important tool for forest management, especially in protected areas. The present work analyses the spatial and temporal changes in forest cover in Moncayo Natural Park (Spain) from 1987 to 2010 using remote sensing techniques, geographical information systems (GIS) and quantitative indices of landscape ecology. Four Landsat images were used to map nine representative land cover categories in this preserved area in both years. The overall classification accuracies in land cover cartographies in 1987 and 2010 were 87.65% and 84.56%, respectively. Landscape metrics obtained at the landscape level show an increase in fragmentation and, as a result, an increase in landscape spatial diversity. Focusing on the class level, the results show a forest expansion of sessile oaks (Quercus petraea) and beech forest (Fagus sylvatica), two important bioclimatic indicators in this natural park, because they are the southernmost locations for these species in Europe. The decrease of mainly introduced pine forest and the transformation of mixed shrub areas into natural forested areas explain the aforementioned increase in fragmentation. These results are in agreement with the strategies for nature conservation designed by forest managers during the period evaluated. 相似文献
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为量化分析耕地生态系统服务价值及其与区域经济发展的空间关系,采用改进的耕地当量因子,对甘肃省2014年耕地生态系统服务价值进行定量化研究,并采用双变量空间自相关探讨其与区域经济发展在空间上的关联关系。结果表明：（1）在GPP修正的基础上估算得到的甘肃省2014年耕地生态系统服务价值为4.96×1011元,其中水资源供给功能的价值为负,食物生产功能的生态系统服务价值相对较高,美学景观功能的生态系统服务价值最低。（2）双变量空间自相关显示人均国内生产总值与耕地生态系统服务价值在空间上存在显著的负相关关系,Moran’s I指数为-0.252 3。局部双变量空间自相关LISA图也显示低-高聚集区主要分布在经济发展相对落后、具有明显生态优势的东南部地区;而高-低聚集区则主要分布在经济高速发展,生态环境相对恶劣的西北部地区。研究结果可为甘肃省生态环境管护与区域经济发展提供决策参考,为实现经济增长与生态保护统筹协调发展提供参考依据。 相似文献
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景观生态学的学科整合与中国景观生态学展望 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
分析了国际景观生态学三个相互联系的研究领域,指出了各领域的主要研究内容。在阐述景观生态学三个发展阶段的基础上,指出了景观生态学学科发展的基本趋势。从三个方向的整合、时空尺度的匹配、多学科的整合和三个群体的整合4?个方面,阐述了走向整合的景观生态学的发展方向和途径。介绍了当前国际景观生态学研究的热点问题和热点地区,并就中国景观生态学发展的方向和任务提出了作者的看法。 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(3):239-260
Demonstrations shape the urban landscape and affect the normal functions of a city. They disrupt traffic, make marginalized people and neglected areas visible in city centers, and challenge élite designs of urban landscape both visually and functionally. Demonstrations question élite norms by using city space in nonconformist ways for making claims, and by charging places with demonstrators' own meanings. Differences between Buenos Aires and Seoul show that historically developed conventions and symbolic readings of city space matter in the strategic choice of places to protest. Yet most demonstration sites belong to the same major categories. Demonstrators may gather outside governmental buildings to communicate with the authorities; at centers of commercial activity to appeal to the public; to places that link them historically, culturally or morally with symbolically important events; or at places connected with a particular grievance. Along with local traditions, an internationally shared demonstration culture determines what kinds of places are suitable for demonstrations. 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1192-1211
Since the 1960s, large housing estates have shaped the geography of suburbia in many Western and Eastern European cities. This paper examines the constitution of the social and spatial meanings of large housing estates within three different national contexts: in Germany, Poland, and France. Employing discourse theory and an empirical analysis of the coverage of major national newspapers, we identify cross-national and specific national patterns of discourses that (re)produce particular social spaces and distinct social orders. Quantitative discourse analysis reveals differences, similarities, and ruptures in various constructions of the meaning of large housing estates. We find that large housing estates in France and Germany are constituted in print media as threatening places and as places of foreignness located "outside" the "proper society." In contrast, Polish large housing estates are framed discursively as threatened places located in the social "inside." 相似文献
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Phillip S. Kane 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1981,1(2):77-96
Techniques for assessing landscape attractiveness are becoming increasingly important in environmental planning. They are a manifestation of the growing need to monitor landscape deterioration, to help preserve natural beauty, to learn about our cultural perceptions, and to satisfy an ever-increasing body of environmental law.This report describes two such evaluation techniques developed by the author and used by the National Trust of South Australia to classify and record natural and rural landscapes. One method, a component checklist, relies on a detailed appraisal of individual landscape elements. The other method, using bipolar semantic differentials, measures ‘whole-landscape’ emotional responses. Although very different in design, and in how viewer preferences are ascertained, the two techniques provide vista scores that correlate very highly (Sr = 0.81 for n = 46).For either method, scenes whose scores are more than 6 points apart can be regarded as significantly different in aesthetic qualities. As with all present evaluation methods, there are still problems with both technique design and the transformation of vistapoint data to spatial (mappable) information. Nevertheless, both the checklist and the bipolar methods seem to be reliable and face-valid tools for measuring South Australian landscape preferences. 相似文献
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Ian G. Baird 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2009,30(3):298-311
Initiatives designed to bring about social and spatial change, whether implemented by governments, international agencies, nongovernment organizations or private companies, invariably have an impact on how people perceive ‘places’– defined as spaces with particular meanings. In southern Laos and northeastern Cambodia the ethnic Brao peoples are facing rapid social and spatial changes as a result of a wide range of initiatives, many of which are associated with ‘development’. Case studies on internal resettlement from the uplands to the lowlands, the redesigning of living spaces, and the implications of protected national park establishment and management are discussed in relation to a four‐point typology of what is required to constitute place. The role of social and spatial (re)organization on place amongst the Brao is considered, including how peoples' conceptions of place are being altered and how the Brao are variously responding to efforts to (re)organize them and reconstitute their places. 相似文献
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To enable more effective monitoring of sustainable development for meeting targets of the post-2015 agenda, assessment is required at the sub-national level to better understand the spatial variation in factors which contribute to sustaining livelihoods. In this research we take Nepal as a case study; a nation consistently ranked as one of the poorest in the world. To understand how sustainable development can effectively promote livelihood diversification, we advocate that a multidimensional spatial approach is essential for monitoring social and environmental change to aid decision-making processes. To achieve this, a multidimensional index was created to spatially explore the landscape of livelihoods across rural Nepal. A methodology was developed to quantify the livelihoods asset pentagon (human-physical-social-financial-natural) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. 23 socio-environmental indicators were selected to map the multidimensionality of livelihoods at the eco-development area unit level and produce the Multidimensional Livelihoods Index (MLI). Results indicate considerable spatial variability in the factors affecting people's livelihoods across Nepal. In general, the MLI decreases as you move north and east, reflecting changes in the topographic landscape and distance from the Kathmandu Valley Outcomes suggest an effective method for monitoring change at a sub-national level; highlighting potential locations and/or livelihood strategies for improving the targeting of resources (e.g. investment of foreign aid) to facilitate more sustainable development for the future. 相似文献
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长三角地区地名通名文化景观空间格局及影响因素北大核心CSCDCSSCI 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地名通名是不同地方地名具有共性特点的通用部分,表征人类社会对自然环境和行政区划变迁的认知。梳理多学科视域研究进展诠释地名通名文化景观解析逻辑,基于EOF模型、地理探测器等方法构建地名通名文化景观解析模型,探究长三角地区地名通名文化景观格局及成因。研究发现:①长三角地名通名文化景观用字比例受河网水系影响最大,地名通名文化景观用字类型丰富度在41个单元中总体呈现内陆到沿海且沿东北-西南方向递减趋势。②长三角地名通名文化景观分布异质性显著,呈现典型非均衡集聚,空间上形成皖中、苏南、浙北和上海等东西条带状的一级中心位于长三角中部,两个团块状次级中心分列南北;长三角地名通名文化景观分布呈显著空间正相关,空间集聚特征较为明显,热点区为双中心格局且分布于安徽西部和浙江南部等地,冷点区为单中心格局且分布在东部沿海呈纵向连续带状分布。③长三角地名通名文化景观分布受自然环境和社会经济综合影响明显,主要分布在海拔0~200 m、地形起伏度小于20 m、坡度小于5°的平原地带,人口集聚、经济发展水平和交通便捷性对地名通名传承影响深远。地名通名文化景观解析模型研究有助于提升地名命名科学性和规划管理协调度,为推动地名文化遗产保护提供有益参考。 相似文献
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Martin A. Andresen Nick Malleson Wouter Steenbeek Michael Townsley Christophe Vandeviver 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(7):1306-1322
ABSTRACT The analysis of geographically referenced data, specifically point data, is predicated on the accurate geocoding of those data. Geocoding refers to the process in which geographically referenced data (addresses, for example) are placed on a map. This process may lead to issues with positional accuracy or the inability to geocode an address. In this paper, we conduct an international investigation into the impact of the (in)ability to geocode an address on the resulting spatial pattern. We use a variety of point data sets of crime events (varying numbers of events and types of crime), a variety of areal units of analysis (varying the number and size of areal units), from a variety of countries (varying underlying administrative systems), and a locally-based spatial point pattern test to find the levels of geocoding match rates to maintain the spatial patterns of the original data when addresses are missing at random. We find that the level of geocoding success depends on the number of points and the number of areal units under analysis, but generally show that the necessary levels of geocoding success are lower than found in previous research. This finding is consistent across different national contexts. 相似文献
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以东北三省177个城市为研究对象,以智联招聘、前程无忧、58同城招聘、携程、去哪儿、途牛、58同城租房网、赶集网、居安客、百度地图、高德地图和腾讯地图12个网站的网络关注数据为样本,运用网络数据挖掘技术,构建城市人口流动倾向强度和吸引力度测算模型,并结合耦合协调模型和核密度测量方法,测出东北三省城市人口流动倾向强度与吸引力度的等级特征、类型特征和空间特征。研究结果表明：① 东北不同规模城市的人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度不同,城市规模越大,其人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度就越高;相似规模城市的人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度也表现出明显的差异性;东北地区城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度总体呈现出正比例关系;东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度都表现出较高的城市首位特征和明显的长尾特征;② 东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度极度耦合、高度耦合、中度耦合和低度耦合的城市分别占东北城市总数的2.26%、7.91%、24.29%、65.54%;各省间人口流动倾向强度与城市吸引力度耦合协调水平整体差异较小,差距不明显;人口流动超前型、同步型和滞后型分别占东北城市总数的63.85%、17.51%和18.64%,省际差异明显;③ 东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度耦合协调空间特征表现出等级性、集聚性、洼地性特征,耦合协调性的区域分布特征,不仅与这些地区的区位有关,也与该地区的城市规模、经济发展水平密切相关。 相似文献
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理想类型叙事视角下的乡村景观变迁与优化策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
乡村景观是陆地生态系统的主体, 在整个人地关系中扮演着重要角色。20 世纪下半叶以来, 城市化、交通网络和全球化的迅速发展深刻地改变了乡村景观。不同学科、不同研究者对此有不同甚至相互矛盾的认识、解释和评价, 这影响了对乡村景观变迁的理性认识, 以及对乡村景观的高效利用和保护。本文采用理想类型叙事法, 利用国内外研究成果, 对乡村景观的变迁进行叙事分析, 提出更具包容性和解释力的4 种乡村景观变迁理想类型叙事:保护叙事、现代化叙事、公平生存叙事和内生发展叙事, 更客观全面地凝练乡村景观变迁的多元价值观、理论基础、核心假设和基本观点与建议。最后本文提出了乡村景观分异的7 种情景类型, 每种情景类型具有不同的判征指标、空间区位指向、主体景观和主要功能, 并结合理想类型叙事提出相应的优化策略, 以期为未来建设健康、富有生产力和吸引力、和谐的乡村景观提供科学参考。 相似文献
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以大型购物中心的地方性为研究对象,以宁波市天一广场为案例地,在游客地方感的概念框架下,采用观察法、访谈法等数据获取方法,运用定性与定量等分析方法,探讨了欧美游客对中国城市购物中心地方性的感知。结果：验证了中国城市购物中心同样是国际游客的主要旅游目的地之一;中国购物中心不能简单地被认为是无地方性的;游客购物的过程中,不仅体验中国的购物中心,而且感受了中国快速发展的城市本身;地方历史是地方性的重要形成机制,而全球化作为特定时间的产物通过参与当地历史成为了地方性的组成部分。 相似文献