Leathery turtle (reptilia: Chelonia) in Foveaux Strait (note)     

D. Eggleston 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):522-523

Further records of the leathery turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus), augment earlier records and perhaps indicate that this species may be a regular visitor.  相似文献   

Sexual size dimorphism in calanoid copepods (Centropagidae) from Patagonia (Argentina)     

RD Garcia  M Reissig 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):504-514

Calanoid copepods of the genus Boeckella and Parabroteas (P. sarsi) are dominant in zooplankton communities of Patagonian lakes and ponds. This study addresses the occurrence of sexual size dimorphism in calanoid copepods of the genus Boeckella and in the monospecific genus Parabroteas occurring in 12 lakes and ponds of Patagonia (Argentina). The morphometric analysis performed showed that in all the species studied the female is larger than the male, although the difference in size among sexes was found to be variable between species. Interestingly, all species showed significant intraspecific stability in their sexual size dimorphism despite potential differences in their environments regarding predation pressure, environmental stability (permanent or temporary waters) and altitude distribution of populations. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of sexual dimorphism in terms of resource use and vulnerability to predation among other environmental forces which may play a role in promoting larger female to male size.  相似文献   

Chromium(III) — chromium(VI) interconversions in seawater     

C. H. Van Der Weijden  M. Reith 《Marine Chemistry》1982,11(6):565-572

The stable form of dissolved chromium in oxygenated seawater is Cr(VI). But Cr(III)-species are also present at an analytically significant level. It is shown that Cr(III) is oxidized only slowly by dissolved oxygen, and that manganese oxide is a strong catalyst for such oxidation. However, the low oceanic concentration of suspended MnO₂ impedes the conclusion that the former process is quantitatively less important than the latter one. The distribution of dissolved chromium among Cr(VI)- and Cr(III)-species is probably kinetically controlled.  相似文献   

九龙江河口区水体中的226Ra和228Ra   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

谢永臻  黄奕普 《台湾海峡》1994,13(4):394-399

用ＭｎＯ２－纤维富集大体积水样中的Ｒａ同位素，并用直接射气法测定２２６Ｒａ和２２８Ａｃ的β计数法测定２２８Ｒａ的方法，研究了九龙江河口区２２６Ｒａ，２２８Ｒａ的行为，结果表明：在该河口区２２６Ｒａ，２２８Ｒａ均呈非保守行为，２２６Ｒａ，２２８Ｒａ的最高值分别在盐度为１９和９处测得。２２８Ｒａ／２２６Ｒａ）Ａ．Ｒ．值在盐度小于１９的区域约为３左右。与世界其他河口区相比，九龙江河口区的２２６Ｒａ，２２  相似文献   

Precocious male quinnat salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha (walbaum) in New Zealand (note)     

M. Flain 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):217-222

Samples of yearling parr of quinnat salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) from Lake Heron and the Glenariffe Stream were examined, and precocious ripe males were found. The proportion in the population (29.2%) was higher than is recorded in North America (2.6%).  相似文献   

旋链角毛藻和小普林藻对二甲基硫和二甲巯基丙酸的释放研究     

高原  朱蓉  杨桂朋  张洪海 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(12):59-64

通过实验室培养研究了旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve)和小普林藻(Prymnesium parvum Carter)生长周期内培养液中二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸(DMSP)的含量。结果表明,2种微藻均能释放DMS,但小普林藻单细胞释放的DMS浓度约是旋链角毛藻的500倍。在藻类生长的不同阶段,它们释放DMS和DMSP的能力存在较大差异,但2种藻类DMS大量释放均出现在衰亡期。同时研究了盐度对2种微藻DMS释放的影响,结果表明高盐度会促进小普林藻DMS和DMSP的释放,而对旋链角毛藻DMSP的释放未有显著影响。  相似文献   

Linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) in sediments of Port Phillip Bay (Australia)     

《Marine environmental research》1987,23(1):65-76

Linear alkyl benzenes (LABs), which have been proposed as markers of the hydrocarbon component of domestic wastes, were measured in sediments from three areas of Port Phillip Bay (Australia). The concentrations found (0–19 μg g⁻¹) were generally lower than those reported for other coastal sediments from the USA and Japan. This is thought to reflect the small quantity of domestic wastes entering Port Phillip Bay.Compositional profiles showed that both physical and biological processes had acted to remove LABs during deposition.At one site, unusual alkyl benzene compounds, but no conventional LABs, were detected. These compounds were probably synthesised terrestrially by the bacteria of a nearby sewage farm.  相似文献   

The speciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in natural waters     

Frank J. Millero  Wensheng Yao  Jennifer Aicher 《Marine Chemistry》1995,50(1-4)

The interactions of Fe(II) and Fe(III) with the inorganic anions of natural waters have been examined using the specific interaction and ion pairing models. The specific interaction model as formulated by Pitzer is used to examine the interactions of the major components (Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Sr²⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄⁻, HCO₃⁻, Br⁻, CO₃²⁻, B(OH)₄⁻, B(OH)₃ and CO₂) of seawater and the ion pairing model is used to account for the strong interaction of Fe(II) and Fe(III) with major and minor ligands (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, OH⁻, HCO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻ and HS⁻) in the waters. The model can be used to estimate the activity and speciation of iron in natural waters as a function of composition (major sea salts) and ionic strength (0 to 3 M). The measured stability constants (K_FeX^*) of Fe(II) and Fe(III) have been used to estimate the thermodynamic constants (K_FeX) and the activity coefficient of iron complexes (γ_FeX) with a number of inorganic ligands in NaClO₄ medium at various ionic strengths: In(K_FeX/γ_Feγ_X) = InK_FeX − In(γ_FeX) The activity coefficients for free ions (γ_Fe, γ_x) needed for this extrapolation have been estimated from the Pitzer equations. The activity coefficients of the ion pairs have been used to determine Pitzer parameters (B_FeX, B_FeX⁰, C_FeX^φ) for the iron complexes. These results make it possible to estimate the stability constants for the formation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes over a wide range of ionic strengths and in different media. The model has been used to determine the solubility of Fe(III) in seawater as a function of pH. The results are in good agreement with the measurements of Byrne and Kester and Kuma et al. When the formation of Fe organic complexes is considered, the solubility of Fe(III) in seawater is increased by about 25%.  相似文献   

Halosaurus pectoralis McCulloch (Pisces: Halosauridae) in the New Zealand region (note)     

D. G. McKnight 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):555-556

Halosaurus pectoralis McCulloch is recorded from off Gisborne, New Zealand, and from south‐east of Lord Howe Island, thus adding a second species of the order Heteromi to the New Zealand fauna.  相似文献   

Nematopsis N. Sp. (Sporozoa: Gregarinia) in Perna canaliculus (note)     

J. B. Jones 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):567-568

Spores of a new species of Nematopsis have been found in the green‐lipped mussel Perna canaliculus Gmelin. This is the first record of a sporozoan parasite of a New Zealand shellfish.  相似文献   

东山湾海水中Fe(II)和Fe(III)相互转化围隔实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄旭光  李顺兴  陈乙平  蔡添寿 《海洋科学》2012,36(2):103-109

根据2008 年8 月与11 月在东山湾海域获得的调查资料对表层水中溶解态Fe(II)和Fe(III)含量、浮游植物叶绿素a、营养元素及其浓度等环境参数进行分析。结果表明, 夏、秋季海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例均与浮游植物叶绿素a 呈正相关, 其相关系数分别为0.7959、0.9219。现场围隔实验表明, 海水中总溶解态Fe 含量在24 h 内有较大的变化, 最大减少量达到17.4%。DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例随光照强度增加而增加。最高值与初始值相比较, 叶绿素a 较高的DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度增加较叶绿素a 较低的DS5 号站点高0.053μg/L。Fe(II)和Fe(III)加富实验研究了溶解态的Fe(II)和Fe(III)在海水中相互转化。高浓度的Fe(II)在海水中被氧化成Fe(III),海水中浮游植物也会引发光还原作用使Fe(III)还原成Fe(II)。  相似文献   

Isolation By Distance (IBD) signals in the deep-water rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) (Decapoda,Panaeidae) in the Mediterranean Sea     

《Marine environmental research》2013

The identification of boundaries of genetic demes is one of the major goals for fishery management, and few Mediterranean commercial species have not been studied from a genetic point of view yet. The deep-water rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) is one of the most important components of commercial landings in Mediterranean, its fishery aspects have received much attention, regrettably without any concern for the genetic architecture of its populations. The population structure in the central and eastern Mediterranean Sea (captures from six Italian and two Greek landings) has been analysed on the basis of surveys carried out with mitochondrial and AFLP markers. Data revealed the presence of a gradual discrepancy along a west–east axis. This species, occurring mainly at a depth of between 100 and 400 m, is not strongly confined in isolated demes, but it demonstrates an ‘Isolation By Distance’ model, within the Mediterranean Sea, which includes geographical areas with a some degree of isolation. The role of hydrodynamic forces, such as currents, water fronts, is discussed; and a further evidence of the ‘Levantine isolation’ within Mediterranean basin is shown.  相似文献   

Moina sp. (cladocera: Daphnidae) in a sewage plant,wellington (note)     

I. L. Vidal 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):203-209

An unidentified species of the genus Moina was found in a Pasveer sewage treatment plant at Glensiide, Wellington; it is described and illustrated. A survey of the literature shows that this is probably the first published record of the genus in New Zealand (M. lemnae, previously recorded, has since been tentatively referred to the genus Pseudomoina); sewage ponds in India and South Africa have yielded M. dubia.  相似文献   

Life cycle of Marphysa sanguinea (Polychaeta: Eunicidae) in the Venice Lagoon (Italy)     

Daniela Prevedelli  Gloria Massamba N'Siala  Ivano Ansaloni  & Roberto Simonini 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(3):384-393

The life cycle of a brackish water population of Marphysa sanguinea (Polychaeta Eunicidae), from the Venice Lagoon (Italy), was investigated from April 1993 to August 1994. Marphysa sanguinea is a large‐sized gonochoric species with annual iteroparous strategy and synchronous spawning at population level. The sex‐ratio was close to 1:1. There were no morphological differences between males and females and spawning occurred without epitokal metamorphosis. The gonadial activity was maximum during summer period in both sexes. From May to September in the females, the greater number of immature oocytes could be observed; starting from November immature oocytes decreased and progressively those with a wider diameter increased in number. Spawning took place in April–May and generally not all eggs were spawned, a small proportion being kept as a reserve material for the following gamete production. The pelagic phase (trochophore and metatrochophore stages) was short (2–3 days). The reduction in the dispersal phase, together with the development of a strong anterior musculature, brought to an early acquisition of the benthic habit, which was attained with the construction of the mucous tube inside of which the larva lived. The results highlighted that colonization of brackish environments took place thanks to morphological and physiological features that allow this species to live in a sediment layer characterized by the stability of the physical and chemical characteristics of the substratum.  相似文献   

Live (stained) benthic foraminifera in the Whittard Canyon, Celtic margin (NE Atlantic)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Duros  C. Fontanier  E. Metzger  A. PuscedduF. Cesbron  H.C. de StigterS. Bianchelli  R. DanovaroF.J. Jorissen 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(2):128-146

Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were investigated at 18 deep-sea stations sampled in the Whittard Canyon area (NE Atlantic). The stations were positioned along 4 bathymetric transects ranging from 300 to 3000 m depth: two along the main canyon axes (Western and Eastern branches) and two along adjacent open slopes (Western and Eastern slopes). The aim of this study was to assess changes of foraminiferal standing stock, composition and microhabitat in relation to the physico-chemical conditions prevailing at and below the sediment-water interface in various canyon and open-slope environments. Minimal oxygen penetration depths and maximal diffusive oxygen uptakes were recorded at upper canyon stations, suggesting a high mineralisation rate. This is confirmed by the high phytopigment concentrations measured in the sediment of the upper canyon axes. Foraminiferal abundance was positively correlated with diffusive oxygen uptake and phytopigment concentration in the sediment. This suggests a control of organic matter fluxes on the foraminiferal communities. Foraminiferal abundance was generally higher along the canyon axis compared to open-slope sites at comparable water depths. The species composition varied with water depth along all four transects, but was also different between canyon branches and adjacent slopes. The silty/sandy intercalations at many of the deeper canyon stations may have been rapidly deposited by fairly recent gravity flows. At station 51WB (3002 m), the faunal characteristics (strong dominance, shallow infaunal microhabitats) suggest that the foraminiferal community is in an early state of ecosystem colonisation after these recent sedimentation events, which would have supplied the important amounts of phytopigments.  相似文献   

磺胺甲基唑和恩诺沙星在日本囊对虾体内的药代动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋维彦  苏永全  潘滢  曾凡荣  游欣欣 《海洋科学》2010,34(7):22-27

为了研究磺胺甲基唑(Sulfamethoxazole, 简称SMZ)和恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin, 简称ERFX)在日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)体内的药物代谢动力学特点, 在水温21℃±0.5℃, 盐度29.91 的条件下, 应用萃取、液相测定和反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)对药物平均回收率、主要动力学参数及在3种组织中的半衰期进行了测定, 检测数据经药物代谢动力学软件3p97 进行研究。结果表明, SMZ 和ERFX 在对虾肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴的平均回收率分别为90.09％, 88.92％, 84.84％和89.14％, 86.04％,91.77％。药物代谢动力学分析表明, SMZ 单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾, 其肝脏药时数据符合二室模型, 肌肉和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型,半衰期为19.1284, 4.5799, 9.1855 h。ERFX 单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾, 其肌肉药时数据符合二室模型, 肝脏和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型。半衰期分别为15.16, 16.83, 17.19 h。通过两种药物的代谢特征比较分析表明, SMZ 在肌肉中吸收较ERFX 快, ERFX在血淋巴和肝脏中吸收较SMZ 快。根据SMZ 和ERFX 在21℃±0.5℃的条件下的主要动力学参数及3种组织内消除半衰期, 建议SMZ 在日本囊对虾的休药期不少于10 d, ERFX 的休药期不少于12 d。  相似文献   

Rectification of nomenclature for Melagraphia aethiops (Gmelin) and Diloma bicanaliculata (Dunker) (Mollusca: Trochidae)     

R. C. Willan  B. A. Marshall  F. M. Climo  W. O. Cernohorsky 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):413-415

Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors.  相似文献   

Hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Commencement Bay,Washington (USA)     

《Marine environmental research》1987,23(3):153-173

Prevalences of idiopathic hepatic lesions in English sole (Parophrys vetulus) were evaluated at 15 transects in Commencement Bay, Washington (a chemically contaminated embayment), and at two transects in Carr Inlet. Washington (a relatively uncontaminated reference embayment). The lesions considered were neoplasms (tumors), foci of cellular alteration (putative preneoplasms), megalocytic hepatosis and nuclear pleomorphism.Prevalences of one or more of the four lesions at 10 (67%) of the Commencement Bay transects were significantly higher (P ≤ 0·05) than the prevalence observed in Carr Inlet. Prevalences of neoplasms and foci of cellular alteration were correlated positively (P ≤ 0·05) with fish age, but none of the four lesions exhibited a relationship with fish sex. A significant concordance (P ≤ 0·005) was found among the spatial distributions of the four lesions, suggesting that all were induced by similar stimuli. Length-at-age did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) between fish with and without hepatic lesions, indicating that fish growth did not appear to be influenced by the presence of the lesions. The spatial patterns of lesion prevalences observed in this study were similar to those found at similar locations in a precious study 3–5 years earlier, suggesting that these patterns are persistent.  相似文献   

Bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the southern Baltic Sea     

《Marine environmental research》2012

Concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were examined in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and sediment in three southern Baltic Sea sites, representing a range of exposure conditions, in order to evaluate spatial differences in PBDE contamination. Additionally, PBDEs were measured in muscle, liver, and gonads of flounder from one of the sites in order to examine inter-tissue distribution. Mean muscle Σ₇PBDE levels, in the range of 10–21 ng g⁻¹ lipid, showed inter-site differences attributed to the distance from the Gulf of Gdańsk, and were overall lower than reported earlier in herring, sprat, and salmon. Biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for Σ₇PBDE and individual BDE congeners, in the range of 0.5–24.5, were generally consistent with predicted models for persistent hydrophobic halogenated contaminants. Wet weight (wet wt) PBDE levels in muscle and liver, but not in gonads, were related to tissue lipid content and did not correlate with the fish length and weight. These tissues differed in PBDE levels and profiles as a result of varying lipid content and presumably lipid composition and congener-specific physico-chemical properties.  相似文献