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1.
Variably foliated, predominantly granodioritic plutonic rocks from the northern part of the Shaw Batholith in the east Pilbara Archaean craton are dated at 3,499±22 Ma (2σ errors) by a whole-rock Pb-Pb isochron. These rocks intrude the surrounding greenstone sequence, and their age is indistinguishable from that sequence. High strain grey gneisses which occupy much of the western and southern Shaw Batholith are chemically and isotopically similar to the North Shaw suite and are inferred to have been derived from this suite by tectonic processes. Felsic volcanics within the greenstones together with a major portion of the granitic batholiths apparently formed in a calc-alkaline volcanic and plutonic province at ～3,500 Ma. This volcanic and plutonic suite is similar to modern calc-alkaline suites on the basis of major element, rare earh element and most other trace element contents. The Archaean suite contrasts with modern equivalents only in having lower concentrations of HREE and higher concentrations of Ni and Cr. The average composition of the North Shaw suite is similar to that of Archaean gneiss belts for most elements and is consistent with the previously formulated hypothesis that the Shaw Batholith is transitional to the upper crustal level of a high-grade gneiss belt. Enrichment of the gneissic crust in the Shaw Batholith in alkali and heat-producing elements is inferred to have taken place by both igneous and hydrothermal processes over a protracted time interval. Late- and post-tectonic adamellite and granite melts intrude the gneissic rocks and there is isotopic evidence consistent with the gneisses being substantially enriched in Rb by pegmatite injection at ～3,000 Ma.  相似文献   

2.
The whole-rock Pb-Pb method has been used to date four of the younger, mainly adamellite, late-tectonic plutonic phases within the ca. 3.5 Ga Shaw Batholith of the Archaean east Pilbara Block. Three suites give ages within error of 2966 Ma (Porphyritic Granites at 2948±50 Ma, Leuco-adamellites at 2943±46 Ma and Garden Creek Adamellite at 3007±48 Ma). The post-tectonic Cooglegong Adamellite gives an age of 2847±34 Ma. The Sm-Nd model isotopic systematics of all four suites indicate derivation from crust ranging between ca. 3200 and 3600 Ma in age. The sources for these four younger plutonic phases were heterogeneous and, although exhibiting some isotopic characteristics of the older (3.5–3.3 Ga) calc-alkali plutonic suites, were more depleted in the LIL elements Rb, U and Th. In addition, the Garden Creek Adamellite and the Cooglegong Adamellite lack the very fractionated and HREE-depleted REE patterns characteristic of both the older calc-alkali plutonic rocks and the Porphyritic Granites and Leuco-adamellites. The crust underlying the Shaw Batholith at ca. 2950 Ma must have been both markedly heterogeneous and variably depleted, a conclusion consistent with the complex tectonic and plutonic evolution of this region.  相似文献   

3.
J.B. Smith 《Chemical Geology》2003,194(4):275-295
Four felsic igneous rock suites in the Archaean West Pilbara have been identified based on geochemistry and geochronology. A voluminous TTG suite formed at ca. 3260 Ma, which appears to be from melting of a mafic-subducted oceanic slab and thus represents generation of new continental crust. A tholeiitic to calc-alkaline volcanic assemblage and coeval granitoids formed at ca. 3120 Ma in an extensional environment. Further TTG magmatism occurred at ca. 3000 Ma, generating both large granitoid complexes and small plutons, again adding new continental crust to the West Pilbara. At 2930-Ma crustal reworking, most likely of the 3000-Ma rocks, generated small plutons that are coeval with layered ultramafic-mafic intrusions in the region. The changes from new crustal material to crustal reworking infer changing tectonic regimes, which is important for models of Archaean continental crust generation. The data presented here indicate that crustal generation mechanisms varied and were episodic in the West Pilbara, implying that early crustal evolution was a result of periodic changes in tectonic regime, which is reflected in the geochemistry of the rocks.  相似文献   

4.
Major and trace elemental concentrations as well as Sr and Pb isotopic data, obtained for 41 plutonic samples from the Coast Mountains Batholith ranging in age from ～108 to ～50 Ma, indicate that the source regions for these rocks were relatively uniform and typical of Cordilleran arcs. The studied rocks are mineralogically and chemically metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and are mainly calc-alkaline. Initial whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7035 up to 0.7053, whereas lead isotopic data range from 18.586 to 19.078 for 206Pb/204Pb, 15.545 to 15.634 for 207Pb/204Pb, and 37.115 to 38.661 for 208Pb/204Pb. In contrast to these relatively primitive isotopic data, δ 18O values for quartz separates determined for 19 of the samples range from 6.8 up to 10.0‰. These δ 18O values preclude the possibility that these melts were exclusively generated from the Mesozoic mantle wedge of this continental arc, just as the Sr and Pb data preclude significant involvement of an old (Precambrian) crustal/mantle lithospheric source. We interpret the high δ 18O component to represent materials that had a multi-stage crustal evolution. They were originally mafic rocks derived from a circum-Pacific juvenile mantle wedge that experienced a period of near-surface residence after initial crystallization. During this interval, these primitive rocks interacted with meteoric waters at low temperatures, as indicated by the high δ 18O values. Subsequently, these materials were buried to lower crustal depths where they remelted to form the high δ 18O component of the Coast Mountains Batholith. This component makes up at least 40% (mass) of the Cretaceous through Eocene batholith in the studied area. The remainder of the source materials comprising the Coast Mountains Batholith had to be new additions from the mantle wedge. A prolonged period of contractional deformation beginning with the Early Cretaceous collisional accretion of the Insular superterrane is inferred to have been responsible for underthrusting the high δ 18O component into the lower crust. We suggest that mafic rocks of the Insular superterrane (e.g. Alexander–Wrangellia) are of appropriate composition, and were accreted to and overthrust by what would become the Coast Mountains Batholith just prior to initiation of magmatism in the region.  相似文献   

5.
Rare Archaean light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched mafic rocks derived from a strongly refractory mantle source show a range of features in common with modern boninites. These Archaean second-stage melts are divided into at least two distinct groups—Whundo-type and Whitney-type. Whundo-type rocks are most like modern boninites in terms of their composition and association with tholeiitic to calc-alkaline mafic to intermediate volcanics. Small compositional differences compared to modern boninites, including higher Al2O3 and heavy REE (HREE), probably reflect secular changes in mantle temperatures and a more garnet-rich residual source. Whundo-type rocks are known from 3.12 and 2.8 Ga assemblages and are true Archaean analogues of modern boninites. Whitney-type rocks occur throughout the Archaean, as far back as ca. 3.8 Ga, and are closely associated with ultramafic magmatism including komatiites, in an affiliation unlike that of modern subduction zones. They are characterised by very high Al2O3 and HREE concentrations, and their extremely depleted compositions require a source which at some stage was more garnet-rich than the source for either modern boninites or Whundo-type second-stage melts. Low La/Yb and La/Gd ratios compared to Whundo-type rocks and modern boninites either reflect very weak subduction-related metasomatism of the mantle source or very limited crustal assimilation by a refractory-mantle derived melt. Regardless, the petrogenesis of the Whitney-type rocks appears either directly or indirectly related to plume magmatism. If Whitney-type rocks have a boninitic petrogenesis then a plume related model similar to that proposed for the modern Tongan high-Ca boninites might apply, but with uniquely Archaean source compositions and source enrichment processes. Second-stage melts from Barberton (S. Africa –3.5 Ga) and ca. 3.0 Ga rocks from the central Pilbara (Australia) have features in common with both Whundo- and Whitney-types, but appear more closely related to the Whitney-type. Subduction zone processes essentially the same as those that produce modern boninites have operated since at least ~3.12 Ga, while a uniquely Archaean boninite-forming process, involving more buoyant oceanic plates and very inefficient mantle-source enrichment, may have occurred before then.  相似文献   

6.
An age of 3112 ± 6 (2σ) Ma, determined by conventional techniques on single zircons from a felsic volcanic rock from the Sholl Belt in the western part of the Archaean Pilbara Craton of Western Australia, is interpreted as the age of felsic volcanism. This is about 100 Ma older than felsic volcanic rocks in the nearby but unconnected Whim Creek Belt and is significantly younger than felsic volcanism in the East Pilbara, which took place during two distinct episodes at 3450 Ma and 3300 Ma. The present results rule out previous correlations between the felsic volcanic rocks of the Sholt Belt and the 3452 ± 16 Ma old Duffer Formation in the East Pilbara.  相似文献   

7.
T. Andersen  B. Sundvoll 《Lithos》1995,35(3-4):235-243
More than 300 published and unpublished Nd isotopic analyses of mantle derived rocks from the Baltic shield have been compiled. The rocks range in age from Archaean to Phanerozoic. Within any given age-interval, the mantle derived rocks range in εNd(t) from depleted mantle values at or above the growth curves of the global depleted mantle reservoirs of DePaolo (1981) and DePaolo et al. (1991) to negative values. Initial neodymium isotopic compositions below the De Paolo curve are best explained by interaction between depleted mantle derived magmas and local crustal contaminants. The data now available lend no support to the existence of isolated, less depleted or undepleted mantle domains beneath the Baltic Shield, as was suggested by Mearns et al. (1986) and Valbracht (1991a, b).  相似文献   

8.
F. Lucassen  G. Franz 《Lithos》1994,32(3-4):273-298
A deep section of the Jurassic, 200-150 Ma old magmatic arc is exposed in the Coastal Cordillera south of Antofagasta in northern Chile. The chemical compositions of metabasic and plutonic rocks from the deep level are compared with those of Jurassic volcanic rocks and ≈ 150 Ma old dykes. The metabasites, most of the plutonic rocks, and the dykes have calc-alkaline characteristics. However, small postmetamorphic gabbro plutons are tholeiitic. The composition of the volcanic rocks is not related to the plutonic rocks, metabasites and dykes. All igneous and meta-igneous rocks of the arc are derived from a similar source in the upper mantle and evolved without major crustal contamination.

The general tectonic setting was dominated by extension, and Pre-Jurassic crust is extremely thinned or absent in the area. Details of the tectonic, magmatic and metamorphic development remain still a matter of speculation.  相似文献   


9.
The widespread late Carboniferous calc-alkaline and shoshonitic magmatic rocks in the Awulale mountain provide crucial constraints on the tectonic evolution of the western Tianshan. Here, we perform detailed petrological investigations as well as zircon U-Pb chronological, whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses on these magmatic rocks from two geological sections along the Duku road. Magmatic rocks in the section I with zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of 306.8 Ma and 306.4 Ma are composed of medium-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic basalt, trachy-andesite and trachyte, while those in the section II consist of shoshonitic trachy-andesite, trachyte with a U-Pb age of 308.1 Ma, and monzonite with a U-Pb age of 309.6 Ma. All these magmatic rocks are characterized by strong enrichments in large iron lithophile elements with depletions of Nb, Ta and Ti, indicating the origination from subduction-modified lithospheric mantle. The εNd(t) values of the rock samples collected from the section I (2.80–5.45) and section II (3.34–5.37) are generally higher than those of the Devonian to early Carboniferous arc-type magmatic rocks in the Yili-central Tianshan, suggesting that depleted asthenosphere might also be involved in their generation. Based on these geochemical data and petrological observations, we suggest that the early-stage (308.1–309.6 Ma) shoshonitic monzonite, trachy-andesite and trachyte in the section II were generated by mixing between mafic magmas and trachytic melts, while the late-stage (306.4–306.8 Ma) medium-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic basalt, trachy-andesite and trachyte in the section I were produced by partial melting of depleted asthenospheric and metasomatized lithospheric mantle, followed by the processes of fractional crystallization and crustal contamination. Taking into account the available regional geological data, the subduction of south Tianshan ocean was probably ceased at ∼310 Ma, and these calc-alkaline and shoshonitic magmatic rocks in the Awulale mountain formed in a post-collisional setting subsequent to slab break-off.  相似文献   

10.
The Bindal Batholith is the largest granitoid batholith in the Scandinavian Caledonides, emplaced prior to or during the Scandian collision in a complex scenario of Ordovician to Middle Silurian nappe assembly. The Bindal Batholith ranges in compositon from mafic gabbro to leucogranite, but granites and granodiorites are by far the most abundant rock types.

Pb---Pb, Sm---Nd and Rb---Sr isotopic results from plutons of the batholith constrain the origin of the Bindal Batholith magmas. The isotope results suggest the presence of several source reservoirs, giving rise to the granitoid magmas. Both a source relatively depleted in U, Th and Rb and enriched in Sm, a source enriched in U and Rb and depleted in Sm, a source enriched in Th and Rb, but depleted in Sm, and, finally, a source enriched in Th and Sm, but depleted in Rb, is indicated by the initial compositions of the radiogenic isotope ratios. It is suggested that the depleted source reservoirs were contemporaneous depleted mantle and mantle derived rocks in the nappe sequences, that the enriched source reservoir was sediments derived from Proterozoic upper crust of Baltic Shield affinity and that the Th-enriched source reservoir was various Proterozoic rocks, in a lower crustal position, of either Baltic or Laurentian affinity.  相似文献   


11.
The dike-vein complex of the Moncha Tundra Massif comprises dolerites, gabbro-pegmatites, and aplites. The dolerite dikes are classified into three groups: high-Ti ferrodolerites, ferrodolerites, low-Ti and low-Fe gabbro-dolerites. The U-Pb age of the ferrodolerites is 2505 ± 8 Ma, and the amphibole-plagioclase metagabbroids hosting a ferrodolerite dike are dated at 2516 ± 12 Ma. Data on the U-Pb isotopic system of zircon from the gabbro-pegmatites and titanite from the aplites indicate that the late magmatic evolution of the Moncha Tundra Massif proceeded at 2445 ± 1.7 Ma, and the youngest magmatic events in the massif related to the Svecofennian orogeny occurred at 1900 ± 9 Ma. The data obtained on the Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic systems and the distribution of trace elements and REE in rocks of the dike-vein complex of the massifs provide insight into the composition of the sources from which the parental magmas were derived. The high-Ti ferrodolerites were melted out of a deep-sitting plume source that contained an asthenospheric component. The ferrodolerites were derived from a mantle MORB-type source that contained a crustal component. The parental melts of the gabbro-dolerites were melted out of the lithospheric mantle depleted in incompatible elements after Archean crust-forming processes above an ascending mantle plume, with the participation of a crustal component. The gabbro-dolerites and the rocks of the layered complex of the Moncha Tundra Massif exhibit similar geochemical characteristics, which suggest that their parental melts could be derived from similar sources but with more clearly pronounced crustal contamination of the parental melts of the rocks of the massif itself. The geochemical traits of the gabbro-pegmatites are thought to be explained not only by the enrichment of the residual magmas in trace elements and a contribution of a crustal component but also by the uneven effect of sublithospheric mantle sources. The aplites were derived from a sialic crustal source.  相似文献   

12.
《Precambrian Research》2006,144(1-2):140-165
Rocks exposed in the MacQuoid-Gibson Lakes region, northwest Hearne subdomain, western Churchill Province, Canada comprise three major lithotectonic assemblages: the Principal volcanic belt; the metasedimentary MacQuoid homocline and; the Cross Bay plutonic complex. Neoarchaean supracrustal rocks of the belt range in age from <2745 to <2672 Ma and were intruded during the interval <2689 to 2655 Ma by diverse plutonic units ranging from gabbro through syenogranite, but greatly dominated by tonalite. Volcanic rocks occur only in the Principal volcanic belt and the MacQuoid homocline, are metamorphosed to amphibolite facies and vary from rare pillowed to common massive basalt and andesite, intercalated with less abundant, thin, dacitic to rhyolitic tuffs, lavas and volcaniclastic rocks. Basalt and andesite are dominated by subalkaline, FeOT-rich tholeiites with less common calc-alkaline rocks with higher SiO2 contents and variable trace element contents. Felsic volcanic rocks exhibit calc-alkaline affinities and similarly diverse trace element abundances. The diverse trace element chemistry of the basalt and andesite supports their derivation from a heterogeneous mantle source(s) capable of generating MORB-, Arc-, BABB- and boninite-like rocks. Two geochemically distinct, arc-like suites were generated through contamination of the primary mantle-derived magmas either via assimilation of lower or middle tonalitic crust, or through contamination of their mantle source through subduction. Geochemical features of the felsic volcanic rocks indicate that these formed via both anatexis of crust in the amphibolite ± garnet stability field and via fractionation of more primitive progenitors in mid-upper crustal magma chambers. ɛNdt = 2680 Ma isotopic compositions cluster near depleted mantle, indicating that significant incorporation of older, >2700 Ma crust likely did not occur. ɛNdt = 2680 Ma values for three specimens, one from each of the Arc-like suites and one BABB-like basalt are slightly lower than the remainder, suggesting very minor incorporation of slightly older crust.These features imply that the processes that generated the MacQuoid supracrustal belt required simultaneous tapping of geochemically distinct mantle reservoirs with concomitant anatexis of sialic crust (garnet stability field) and fractionation of felsic magmas in upper crustal magma chambers. Shallow water deposition of abundant volcaniclastic rocks and semipelite along with minor conglomerate and quartzite was broadly contemporaneous with this magmatism. We envisage a geodynamic setting characterized by tectonomagmatic processes similar to those of modern supra-subduction zone back-arc marginal basins such as the Sea of Japan. Therein, an extensional, back-arc setting, likely proximal to continental crust, provides an explanation for a broad swath of diverse mantle-derived rocks intercalated with less common felsic rocks as well as an abundance of immature clastic metasedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

13.
In east-central Finland, Archaean terrains present three main lithologic units: a) gneissic basement, emplaced from 2.86 G.a. to 2.62 G.a., b) greenstone belt (2.65 G.a.) and c) calc-alkaline magmatism (2.50 G.a. to 2.40 G.a). Twenty three rocks of the calc-alkaline suite have been chosen for geochronologic and Rb-Sr isotopic studies. These rocks are subdivided into three groups: 1) acid volcanics from Luoma, 2) augen gneiss from Arola, and 3) post kinematik pink leucogranite from Arola. The 2.50±0.10 G.a. age of the Luoma volcanics indicates that they represent the upper part of a greenstone belt composed of a single sequence of volcanic rocks. The ages, initial 87Sr/86Sr (ISr) and major element compositions of the augen gneisses of Arola and Suomussalmi indicate that these rocks are the plutonic equivalents of the Luoma acid volcanics. The Arola pink leucogranite marks the terminal phase of Archaean magmatic activity (from 2.86 G.a. to 2.41 G.a.). This was followed by at least 0.40 G.a. of quiescence. The ISr and major element compositions suggest that the genesis of the calc-alkaline magmatic rocks involved crustal materials, but all their geochemical features cannot be explained without the participation of mafic greenstone belt materials. The first crustal components had low I and low K2O/ Na2O ratios while the younger ones (calc-alkaline magmas) had medium to high ISr and high K2O/Na2O ratios. Thus the petrogenetic processes have changed with time from ensimatic to ensialic, implying major reworking of preexisting crustal materials. This evolution leads to the accretion of the continental crust from the mantle.  相似文献   

14.
The paper reports geological, chemical, and geochronological data on the Early Paleozoic granitoid and gabbro-granite associations, which compose the Kozhukhovskii and Dudetskii batholiths in the northern part of the Kuznetsk Alatau. The Kozhukhovskii batholith located in the Alatau volcanoplutonic belt is made up of tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, and subalkaline rocks that were formed in two stages. The first stage corresponded to the formation of granitoids of the Tylinskii quartz diorite-tonalite-plagiogranite complex (～530 Ma, Tylinskii Massif, tholeiitic type) in an island arc setting. The second stage (～500 Ma) produced the Martaiga quartz diorite-tonalite-plagiogranite complex (Kozhukhovskii Massif, calc-alkaline type) and the Krasnokamenskii monzodiorite-syenite-granosyenite complex (Krasnokamenskii Massif, subalkaline type) in an accretionary-collisional setting. The Dudetskii batholith is situated in the Altai-Kuznetsk volcanoplutonic belt and contains widespread subalkaline intrusive rocks (Malodudetskii monzogabbro-monzodiorite-syenite and Karnayul’skii granosyenite-leucogranite complexes) and less abundant alkaline rocks (Verkhnepetropavlovskii carbonatite-bearing alkaline-gabbroid complex), which were formed within the age range of 500–485 Ma. Our Nd isotopic studies suggest mainly a subduction source of the rocks of the Kozhukhovskii batholith (εNd from + 4.8 to + 4.2). Subalkaline rocks of the Dudetskii batholith exhibit wide isotopic variations. The Nd isotopic composition of monzodiorites and monzogabbro of the Malodudetskii Complex (εNd = + 6.6), in association with the elevated alkalinity and high Nb and Ta contents of these rocks, testifies to the predominant contribution of an enriched mantle source at the participation of a depleted mantle source. The lower εNd (from + 3.2 to + 1.9) in its syenites possibly indicates their generation through melting of metabasic rocks derived from enriched mantle protolith. The rocks of the Karnayul’skii Complex have lower Nb and Ta contents at similar εNd (+3.6), which suggests some crustal contribution to their formation.  相似文献   

15.
Middle to Late Jurassic plutonic rocks in the central Mojave Desert represent the continuation of the Sierran arc south of the Garlock fault. Rock types range from calc-alkaline gabbro to quartz monzonite. Chemical and isotopic data indicate that petrologic diversity is attributable to mixing of crustal components with mantle melts. Evidence for magma mixing is scarce in most plutons, but emplacement and injection of plutons into preexisting wallrocks (e.g. pendants of metasedimentary rocks) suggests that assimilation may be locally important. Field and petrographic evidence and major and trace element data indicate that the gabbros do not represent pure liquids but are, at least partly, cumulates. The cumulate nature of the gabbros coupled with field evidence for open-system contamination means that trace element contents of gabbros cannot be used to fingerprint the Jurassic mantle source, nor can isotopic data be unequivocally interpreted to reflect the isotopic composition of the mantle. Correlation of Sr and Nd isotropic composition with bulk composition allows some constraints to be placed on the mantle isotopic signature. Gabbros and mafic inclusions from localities north of Barstow, CA have the most depleted mantle-like isotopic signatures (Sr ( i )≈0.705 and ɛNd (t)=≈0 to +1). However, these rocks have likely seen some contamination as well, so the mantle source probably has an even more depleted character. Gabbros with the lowest Sr( i ) and highest ɛNd (t) are also characterized by the highest 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb in the entire data set. This may be a feature of the mantle component in the Jurassic arc indicative of minor source contamination with subducted sediment as has been observed in modern continental arcs. Locally exposed Precambrian basement and metasedimentary rocks have appropriate Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic signatures for the crustal end members and are possible contaminants. Incorporation of these components through combined anatexis and assimilation can explain the observed spread in isotopic composition. Evidence for a depleted mantle component in these gabbros contrasts with the enriched subcontinental mantle component in Jurassic arc plutons further to the east and suggests there may have been a major mantle lithosphere boundary between the two areas as far back as the Late Jurassic. Crustal boundaries and isotopic provinces defined on the basis of initial isotopic composition (Sr( i )=0.706 isopleth) are difficult to delineate because of the correlation of bulk composition with Sr and Nd isotopic composition and because values may differ depending on the age of the rocks sampled within a given area. Data from plutons intruded into rocks known or inferred to be Precambrian are, however, shifted dramatically (highest Sr( i ) and lowest ɛNd(t)) toward Precambrian values. The least isotopically evolved rocks (lowest Sr( i ) and highest ɛNd(t)) occur within the eugeoclinal belt of the Mojave Desert. This zone has been previously identified as a Precambrian rift zone but more likely represents a zone where mantle magmas have been intruded into isotopically similar crustal rocks of the eugeocline with minor input from old Precambrian crust. Received: 12 August 1993/Accepted: 8 July 1994  相似文献   

16.
张景廉 《地质科学》1998,33(3):310-317
Pb、Sr、Nd同位素体系研究表明沥青与寒武纪、奥陶纪地层中的干酪根具有明显的同位素组成差异,表明来自异源。沥青Pb同位素组成具有明显的幔源与壳幔混合特征,而干酪根显示出壳源特征。沥青与干酪根的Nd同位素组成也存在着明显的差别,反映出老地壳源与新地壳源的明显差别。来自柯坪隆起大湾沟沥青的Nd-Sr同位素体系给出了晚元古的相关等时线,年龄分别为872Ma与1195Ma,可能代表了沥青的最早形成年龄。但来自塔北隆起的沥青其Sm-Nd体系显示出介于大湾沟沥青与干酪根之间的混合相关,表明具有壳源与幔源的二元混合成因。Rb-Sr和Pb-Pb等时线趋向和Pb模式年龄还给出加里东期(～440Ma)和印支期(～250Ma)的原油运移与沥青沉淀年龄信息。Nd模式年龄还表明柯坪-阿克苏地区存在太古宙基底(3.2-2.5Ga).塔里木油藏受深断裂控制。  相似文献   

17.
Early–Middle Jurassic igneous rocks (190–170 Ma) are distributed in an E–W-trending band within the Nanling Tectonic Belt, and have a wide range of compositions but are only present in limited volumes. This scenario contrasts with the uniform but voluminous Middle–Late Jurassic igneous rocks (165–150 Ma) in this area. The Early–Middle Jurassic rocks include oceanic-island basalt (OIB)-type alkali basalts, tholeiitic basalts and gabbros, bimodal volcanic rocks, syenites, A-type granites, and high-K calc–alkaline granodiorites. Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that alkaline and tholeiitic basalts and syenites were derived from melting of the asthenospheric mantle, with asthenosphere-derived magmas mixing with variable amounts of magmas derived from melting of metasomatized lithospheric mantle. In comparison, A-type granites in the study area were probably generated by shallow dehydration-related melting of hornblende-bearing continental crustal rocks that were heated by contemporaneous intrusion of mantle-derived basaltic magmas, and high-K calc-alkaline granodiorites resulted from the interaction between melts from upwelling asthenospheric mantle and the lower crust. The Early–Middle Jurassic magmatic event is spatially variable in terms of lithology, geochemistry, and isotopic systematics. This indicates that the deep mantle sources of the magmas that formed these igneous rocks were significantly heterogeneous, and magmatism had a gradual decrease in the involvement of the asthenospheric mantle from west to east. These variations in composition and sourcing of magmas, in addition to the spatial distribution and the thermal structure of the crust–mantle boundary during this magmatic event, indicates that these igneous rocks formed during a period of rifting after the Indosinian Orogeny rather than during subduction of the paleo-Pacific oceanic crust.  相似文献   

18.
The Epupa Metamorphic Complex constitutes the southwestern margin of the Congo Craton and is exposed in a hilly to mountainous terrain of northwestern Namibia, bordering the Kunene River and extending into southern Angola. It consists predominantly of granitoid gneisses which are migmatized over large areas. This migmatization locally led to anatexis and produced crustal-melt granites such as the Otjitanda Granite. We have undertaken reconnaissance geochemical studies and single zircon U–Pb SHRIMP and Pb–Pb evaporation dating of rocks of the Epupa Complex. The granitoid gneisses, migmatites and anatectic melts are similar in composition and constitute a suite of metaluminous to peraluminous, calc-alkaline granitoids, predominantly with volcanic arc geochemical signatures. The zircon protolith ages for the orthogneisses range from 1861 ± 3 to 1758 ± 3 Ma. Anatexis in the migmatitic Epupa gneisses was dated from a melt patch at 1762 ± 4 Ma, and the anatectic Otjitanda Granite has a zircon age of 1757 ± 4 Ma. Migmatization and anatexis therefore occurred almost immediately after granitoid emplacement and date a widespread high-temperature Palaeoproterozoic event at ∼1760 Ma which has not been recorded elswhere in northern Namibia. The Nd isotopic systematics of all dated samples are surprisingly similar and suggest formation of the protolith from a source region that probably separated from the depleted mantle about 2.4–2.0 Ga ago. A major Archaean component in the source area is unlikely.  相似文献   

19.
 Pb、Sr、Nd同位素体系研究表明沥青与寒武纪、奥陶纪地层中的干酪根具有明显的同位素组成差异,表明来自异源。沥青Pb同位素组成具有明显的幔源与壳幔混合特征,而干酪根显示出壳源特征。沥青与干酪根的Nd同位素组成也存在着明显的差别,反映出老地壳源与新地壳源的明显差别。来自柯坪隆起大湾沟沥青的Nd-Sr同位素体系给出了晚元古的相关等时线,年龄分别为872Ma与1195Ma,可能代表了沥青的最早形成年龄。但来自塔北隆起的沥青其Sm-Nd体系显示出介于大湾沟沥青与干酪根之间的混合相关,表明具有壳源与幔源的二元混合成因。Rb-Sr和Pb-Pb等时线趋向和Pb模式年龄还给出加里东期(～440Ma)和印支期(～250Ma)的原油运移与沥青沉淀年龄信息。Nd模式年龄还表明柯坪-阿克苏地区存在太古宙基底(3.2-2.5Ga).塔里木油藏受深断裂控制。  相似文献   

20.
The U/Pb dating of ophiolite and arc complexes in the Caledonides of SW Norway has demonstrated that these spatially associated rocks are also closely related in time. A sequence of tholeiitic island arc volcanics, and an unconformably overlying sequence of calc-alkaline volcanics have been dated as 494 ± 2 Ma (2σ) and 473 ± 2 Ma respectively. Ophiolitic crust formed both prior to, and during the first 10 Ma after the tholeiitic island arc volcanism. Boninitic and island arc tholeiitic dyke swarms intruded the ophiolites soon after they formed and represent a second phase of spreading-related magmatism in the ca 20 Ma period that separated the tholeiitic and the calc-alkaline island arc volcanism. The magmatism ended with the formation of alkaline, ocean island basalt (OIB)-like magmas. Quartz dioritic and S-type granitic plutons, dated to 479 ± 5 Ma and 474 +3/−2 Ma respectively, intruded into the base of the arc crust during and subsequent to the boninitic magmatism, and at the time when calc-alkaline volcanic centres developed. The quartz dioritic and the granitic rocks contain inherited zircons of Precambrian age which prove the involvement of a continental source. This together with the geology of the terrain and the geochemistry of these plutons suggests that the granitic magmas were partly derived from subducted clastic sediments. The Sr and Nd isotope systematics indicate that the same continental source was a component in the boninitic and the calc-alkaline magmas. While the calc-alkaline magmas may have gained this continental component at a crustal level by assimilation, both geology and isotope systematics suggest that the continental component in the boninitic rocks was introduced by source contamination – possibly by a direct interaction between the mantle source and the S-type granitic magmas. A modified mid ocean ridge basalt-like mantle source was the principal source during the earliest and the main crust forming stage. This source became replaced by an OIB-like source during the later stages in the evolution of this ancient arc. Received: 27 June 1994 / Accepted: 16 September 1996  相似文献   

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