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1.
任意正交曲线坐标系下的海洋模式动力框架的发展与评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文发展了一个可以适用于任意水平正交曲线坐标系的海洋模式动力框架,并将其应用于中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的气候系统海洋模式LICOM2.0（LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model,version2.0）。在经纬网格坐标系下,新的动力框架与LICOM2.0原有的动力框架模拟结果完全一致。基于新的动力框架,海洋模式可采用能够准确描述北冰洋地形的三极网格,克服了LICOM2.0经纬网格版本必须将北极点处理为孤岛的缺陷,从而显著改进了模式对于北冰洋环流和北大西洋经圈翻转流函数（AMOC）的模拟能力。此外,引进三极网格还可以避免模式网格距随纬度增加而急剧减小带来的计算不稳定,在LICOM2.0的三极网格版本中,模式不需要采用任何空间滤波方案仍然能够保证计算的稳定性,从而与LICOM2.0的经纬网格版本相比,极大地提高了模式的并行效率,这一点在当水平分辨率提高到0.1度时表现得尤为明显,海洋模式的并行加速比可以从经纬网格版本的5.8左右提高到三极网格版本的15.0左右。 相似文献
2.
An eddy-permitting oceanic general circulation model and its preliminary evaluation 总被引：56，自引：11，他引：45
1. Introduction The current oceanic general circulation models(GCMs) used in climate studies, especially those serv-ing as component models in coupled GCMs, havean average resolution around 2? (IPCC, 2001). Theoceanic GCMs with relatively coarse resolutions canreproduce the major observed features of the large-scale circulations, but there are some insurmount-able di?culties. It was documented by Gates (1992)that the main defects of the coarse resolution oceanicGCMs include the repres… 相似文献
3.
A fast version of LASG/IAP climate system model and its 1000-year control integration 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A fast version of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geo- physical Fluid Dynamics(LASG)/Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)climate system model is briefly documented.The fast coupled model employs a low resolution version of the atmospheric component Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP/LASG(GAMIL),with the other parts of the model,namely an oceanic component LASG/IAP Climate Ocean Model(LICOM),land component Common Land Model(CLM),and sea ice component from National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model (NCAR CCSM2),as the same as in the standard version of LASG/IAP Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System model(FGOALS g).The parameterizations of physical and dynamical processes of the at- mospheric component in the fast version are identical to the standard version,although some parameter values are different.However,by virtue of reduced horizontal resolution and increased time-step of the most time-consuming atmospheric component,it runs faster by a factor of 3 and can serve as a useful tool for long- term and large-ensemble integrations.A 1000-year control simulation of the present-day climate has been completed without flux adjustments.The final 600 years of this simulation has virtually no trends in global mean sea surface temperatures and is recommended for internal variability studies.Several aspects of the control simulation’s mean climate and variability are evaluated against the observational or reanalysis data. The strengths and weaknesses of the control simulation are evaluated.The mean atmospheric circulation is well simulated,except in high latitudes.The Asian-Australian monsoonal meridional cell shows realistic features,however,an artificial rainfall center is located to the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau persists throughout the year.The mean bias of SST resembles that of the standard version,appearing as a"double ITCZ"(Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone)associated with a westward extension of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue.The sea ice extent is acceptable but has a higher concentration.The strength of Atlantic meridional overturning is 27.5 Sv.Evidence from the 600-year simulation suggests a modulation of internal variability on ENSO frequency,since both regular and irregular oscillations of ENSO are found during the different time periods of the long-term simulation. 相似文献
4.
SAMIL模式中Tiedtke 积云对流方案对热带降水模拟的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
目前, 大多数全球耦合模式及大气环流模式在降水模拟中普遍存在不同程度的“热带偏差”问题, 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室所发展的全球大气环流谱模式SAMIL-R42L26也存在这一现象, 主要表现在SPCZ (南太平洋辐合区) 降水过强且过分东伸、 赤道附近降水偏少等方面。本文通过修改SAMIL中的积云对流方案有效地削弱了这一偏差, 并进一步探讨其原因, 发现对流方案修改后, 改变了对流层低层至地面的温度分布状态, 进而影响了风速及散度场的模拟, 最终通过垂直速度的调整反作用于对流过程。比较修改前后对流过程云底质量通量, 发现修改后的方案主要通过削弱浅对流来提高热带降水的模拟性能。 相似文献
5.
对比两个同化资料GODAS（Global Ocean Data Assimilation System）和SODA（Simple Ocean Data Assimilation）,考察中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的气候系统海洋模式LICOM（LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model）模拟的北印度洋经向环流及热输送的气候态。LICOM能抓住北印度洋大尺度环流的季节变化特征,模拟的年平均越赤道热输送为-0.24 PW （1 PW=1015W）,较之以往的数值模式结果更接近观测和同化资料。与同化资料的差异主要体现在季节变化强度,北半球夏季在赤道以南偏弱0.5 PW,这与模式夏季的纬向风应力偏弱,热输送中的大项Ekman热输送模拟偏弱,从而模拟的经圈翻转环流较浅有关。 相似文献
6.
This paper evaluates the simulation of Arctic sea ice states using an ocean-ice coupled model that employs LASG/IAP(the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/the Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate Ocean Model(LICOM) and the sea-ice model from the Bergen Climate Model(BCM).It is shown that the coupled model can reasonably reproduce the major characteristics of the mean state,annual cycle,and interannual variability of the Arctic sea ice concentration.The coupled model also shows biases that were generally presented in other models,such as the underestimation of summer sea ice concentration and thickness as well as the unsatisfactory sea ice velocity.Sensitivity experiments indicate that the insufficient performance of the ocean model at high latitudes may be the main reason for the biases in the coupled model.The smoother and the fake "island",which had to be used due to the model’s grid in the North Pole region,likely caused the ocean model’s weak performance.Sea ice model thermodynamics are also responsible for the sea ice simulation biases.Therefore,both the thermodynamic module of the sea ice component and the model grid of the ocean component need to be further improved. 相似文献
7.
Pengfei LIN Zhipeng YU Hailong LIU Yongqiang YU Yiwen LI Jirong JIANG Wei XUE Kangjun CHEN Qian YANG Bowen ZHAO Jilin WEI Mengrong DING Zhikuo SUN Yaqi WANG Yao MENG Weipeng ZHENG Jinfeng MA 《大气科学进展》2020,37(3):239-249
The datasets of two Ocean Model Intercomparison Project(OMIP)simulation experiments from the LASG/IAP Climate Ocean Model,version 3(LICOM3),forced by two different sets of atmospheric surface data,are described in this paper.The experiment forced by CORE-II(Co-ordinated Ocean–Ice Reference Experiments,Phase II)data(1948–2009)is called OMIP1,and that forced by JRA55-do(surface dataset for driving ocean–sea-ice models based on Japanese 55-year atmospheric reanalysis)data(1958–2018)is called OMIP2.First,the improvement of LICOM from CMIP5 to CMIP6 and the configurations of the two experiments are described.Second,the basic performances of the two experiments are validated using the climatological-mean and interannual time scales from observation.We find that the mean states,interannual variabilities,and long-term linear trends can be reproduced well by the two experiments.The differences between the two datasets are also discussed.Finally,the usage of these data is described.These datasets are helpful toward understanding the origin system bias of the fully coupled model. 相似文献
8.
本文用CORE-IAF（Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments–Interannual Forcing）外强迫场分别强迫LICOM3（LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model Version 3）和POP2（Parallel Ocean Program version 2）两个海洋模式，并分析了这两个模式中太平洋北赤道逆流（NECC）的模拟结果。我们发现LICOM3和POP2模拟的NECC强度均弱于实测，这和Sun et al.（2019）的研究结果一致，也进一步证明了海洋模式中NECC偏弱是CORE-IAF外强迫场造成的，海表风应力及对应的风应力旋度是海洋模式准确模拟NECC的最主要因子。同时，我们也分析了NECC的模拟在动力机制上的差别，这里的动力强迫项包括风应力项、平流项和余项。我们发现模式的外强迫场虽然相同，但是两个模式中各动力强迫项（风应力项、平流项和余项）对NECC模拟的影响并不完全相同。 相似文献
9.
Chloé Prodhomme Pascal Terray Sébastien Masson Takeshi Izumo Tomoki Tozuka Toshio Yamagata 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(1-2):271-290
In this study, the impact of the ocean–atmosphere coupling on the atmospheric mean state over the Indian Ocean and the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is examined in the framework of the SINTEX-F2 coupled model through forced and coupled control simulations and several sensitivity coupled experiments. During boreal winter and spring, most of the Indian Ocean biases are common in forced and coupled simulations, suggesting that the errors originate from the atmospheric model, especially a dry islands bias in the Maritime Continent. During boreal summer, the air-sea coupling decreases the ISM rainfall over South India and the monsoon strength to realistic amplitude, but at the expense of important degradations of the rainfall and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) mean states in the Indian Ocean. Strong SST biases of opposite sign are observed over the western (WIO) and eastern (EIO) tropical Indian Ocean. Rainfall amounts over the ocean (land) are systematically higher (lower) in the northern hemisphere and the south equatorial Indian Ocean rainfall band is missing in the control coupled simulation. During boreal fall, positive dipole-like errors emerge in the mean state of the coupled model, with warm and wet (cold and dry) biases in the WIO (EIO), suggesting again a significant impact of the SST errors. The exact contributions and the distinct roles of these SST errors in the seasonal mean atmospheric state of the coupled model have been further assessed with two sensitivity coupled experiments, in which the SST biases are replaced by observed climatology either in the WIO (warm bias) or EIO (cold bias). The correction of the WIO warm bias leads to a global decrease of rainfall in the monsoon region, which confirms that the WIO is an important source of moisture for the ISM. On the other hand, the correction of the EIO cold bias leads to a global improvement of precipitation and circulation mean state during summer and fall. Nevertheless, all these improvements due to SST corrections seem drastically limited by the atmosphere intrinsic biases, including prominently the unimodal oceanic position of the ITCZ (Inter Tropical Convergence Zone) during summer and the enhanced westward wind stress along the equator during fall. 相似文献
10.
ENSO循环年代际变化及其数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从20世纪70年代后期的观测资料分析中显示了全球气候的年代际变化, 同时也表现在热带太平洋上最重要的海气耦合现象ENSO的年代际变化上。本文利用中国科学院大气物理研究研究所 (IAP) 大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 (LASG) 的气候系统海洋模式 (简称LICOM), 对ENSO的年际以及年代际变率进行模拟, 结果表明LICOM基本能够模拟出ENSO年际变化的特征, 通过对海洋上层热含量的计算以及对热量和质量输送的变化分析, 能够看到模式中ENSO循环中的反馈机制与理论研究的结论是一致的。同时, 作者还发现模式能够重现ENSO循环的年代际变化特征, 例如周期、 传播方向和冷暖事件不对称性等特征的模拟也基本接近观测事实, 其中重点分析了冷暖事件的不对称性与非线性加热 (NDH) 之间的关系, 进一步分析还发现ENSO的强度、 不对称性与海洋内部的非线性过程之间在年代际尺度上也存在密切的关系。但是, 模式模拟与观测结果之间仍然存在着一定的误差, 模式有待于进一步改进。 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT Using data from 17 coupled models and nine sets of corresponding Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （AMIP） results, we investigated annual and seasonal variation biases in the upper 50 m of the south-central equatorial Pacific, with a focus on the double-ITCZ bias, and examined the causes for the amplitude biases by using heat budget analysis. The results showed that, in the research region, most of the models simulate SSTs that are higher than or similar to observed. The simulated seasonal phase is close to that observed, but the amplitudes of more than half of the model results are larger than or equal to observations. Heat budget analysis demonstrated that strong shortwave radiation in individual atmospheric models is the main factor that leads to high SST values and that weak southward cold advection is an important mechanism for maintaining a high SST. For seasonal circulation, large surface shortwave radiation amplitudes cause large SST amplitudes. 相似文献
12.
An inter-comparison of regional climate models for Europe: model performance in present-day climate 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Daniela Jacob Lars Bärring Ole Bøssing Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen Manuel de Castro Michel Déqué Filippo Giorgi Stefan Hagemann Martin Hirschi Richard Jones Erik Kjellström Geert Lenderink Burkhardt Rockel Enrique Sánchez Christoph Schär Sonia I. Seneviratne Samuel Somot Aad van Ulden Bart van den Hurk 《Climatic change》2007,81(1):31-52
The analysis of possible regional climate changes over Europe as simulated by 10 regional climate models within the context of PRUDENCE requires a careful investigation of possible systematic biases in the models. The purpose of this paper is to identify how the main model systematic biases vary across the different models. Two fundamental aspects of model validation are addressed here: the ability to simulate (1) the long-term (30 or 40 years) mean climate and (2) the inter-annual variability. The analysis concentrates on near-surface air temperature and precipitation over land and focuses mainly on winter and summer. In general, there is a warm bias with respect to the CRU data set in these extreme seasons and a tendency to cold biases in the transition seasons. In winter the typical spread (standard deviation) between the models is 1 K. During summer there is generally a better agreement between observed and simulated values of inter-annual variability although there is a relatively clear signal that the modeled temperature variability is larger than suggested by observations, while precipitation variability is closer to observations. The areas with warm (cold) bias in winter generally exhibit wet (dry) biases, whereas the relationship is the reverse during summer (though much less clear, coupling warm (cold) biases with dry (wet) ones). When comparing the RCMs with their driving GCM, they generally reproduce the large-scale circulation of the GCM though in some cases there are substantial differences between regional biases in surface temperature and precipitation. 相似文献
13.
The tropical intraseasonal oscillation in SAMIL coupled and uncoupled general circulation models 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Simulations of tropical intraseasonal oscillation(TISO) in SAMIL,the Spectral Atmospheric Model from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP) State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) coupled and uncoupled general circulation models were comprehensively evaluated in this study.Compared to the uncoupled model,the atmosphere-ocean coupled model improved the TISO simulation in the following aspects:(1) the spectral intensity for the 30-80-day peak eastward periods was more realistic;(2) the eastward propagation signals over western Pacific were stronger;and(3) the variance distribution and stronger signals of Kelvin waves and mixed Rossby gravity waves were more realistic.Better performance in the coupled run was assumed to be associated with a better mean state and a more realistic relationship between precipitation and SST.In both the coupled and uncoupled runs,the unrealistic simulation of the eastward propagation over the equatorial Indian Ocean might have been associated with the biases of the precipitation mean state over the Indian Ocean,and the unrealistic split of maximum TISO precipitation variance over the Pacific might have corresponded to the exaggeration of the double Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) structure in precipitation mean state.However,whether a better mean state leads to better TISO activity remains questionable.Notably,the northward propagation over the Indian Ocean during summer was not improved in the mean lead-lag correlation analysis,but case studies have shown some strong cases to yield remarkably realistic northward propagation in coupled runs. 相似文献
14.
全球海洋模式对不同强迫场的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的全球海洋环流模式(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model,LICOM),通过设计三个试验,即以德国马克斯—普朗克气象研究所整理的海洋模式比较计划(OMIP)资料和美国国家海洋资料中心(NODC)发布的《世界海洋图集2009》(WOA09)资料为强迫场的试验W,用美国环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气研究中心(NCAR)联合推出的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料(简称NCEP资料)中的风应力资料代替试验W中的风应力资料的试验M,以及用NCEP资料中的热力强迫代替试验M中的热力强迫资料的试验N,来研究不同的热力和动力强迫场对模式的影响。三个试验的模拟结果均模拟出了水团和流场的分布型和极值区。从三个试验的结果对比可以看出,NCEP资料较弱的风应力使得试验M环流场明显偏弱,减弱了大洋内部的温盐输送,加大了深海温盐模拟结果与观测资料的偏差,但对原模式过强的南极中层水的输送有所改善。NCEP的短波辐射通量和非短波热通量弱于OMIP,且在两极区域NCEP资料的海表温度比WOA09资料最多低 4℃以上。试验N的模拟结果改善了南大洋60°S以南海区试验W 模拟的海表温度偏高问题,减小了北冰洋部分海域以及副热带大洋东部海表温度的偏差。此外,试验N高纬度较低的海表温度增强了北大西洋深水以及南极底层水的输送,因而改善了深海的温盐模拟结果。三个试验在一些关键海区得到的经向热输送在观测估计及前人模拟结果的范围中,总体上试验M的输送最弱。综合三个试验的模拟结果,可以认为OMIP风应力资料和NCEP海表温度资料更适合作为LICOM模式的强迫场。 相似文献
15.
James W. Hurrell 《Climate Dynamics》1995,11(1):25-50
The simulated mean January and July climates of four versions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM) are compared. The models include standard configurations of CCM1 and CCM2, as well as two widely-cited research versions, the Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive Systems (GENESIS) model and the Climate Sensitivity and Carbon Dioxide (CSC02) model. Each CCM version was integrated for 10 years with a horizontal spectral resolution of rhomboidal 15 (R15). Additionally, the standard T42 version of CCM2 was integrated for 20 years. Monthly mean, annually repeating climatological sea surface temperatures provided a lower boundary condition for each of the model simulations. The CCM troposphere is generally too cold, especially in the polar upper troposphere in the summer hemisphere. This is least severe in CCM2 and most pronounced in CCM1. CSC02 is an exception with a substantial warm bias, especially in the tropical upper troposphere. Corresponding biases are evident in atmospheric moisture. The overall superior CCM2 thermodynamic behavior is principally compromised by a large warm and moist bias over the Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes during summer. Differences between the simulated and observed stationary wave patterns reveal sizeable amplitude errors and phase shifts in all CCM versions. A common problem evident in the upper troposphere is an erroneous cyclone pair that straddles the equatorial central Pacific in January. The overall January stationary wave error pattern in CCM2 and CSCO2 is suggestive of a reverse Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern originating from the tropical central Pacific. During July, common regional biases include simulated North Pacific troughs that are stronger and shifted to the west of observations, and each model overestimates the strength of the anticyclone pair associated with the summer monsoon circulation over India. The simulated major convergence and divergence centers tend to be very localized in all CCM versions, with a tendency in each model for the maximum divergent centers to be unrelistically concentrated in monsoon regions and tied to regions of steep orography. Maxima in CCM-simulated precipitation correspond to the simulated outflow maxima and are generally larger than observational estimates, and the associated atmospheric latent heating appears to contribute to the stationary wave errors. Comparisons of simulated radiative quantities to satellite measurements reveal that the overall CCM2 radiative balance is better than in the other CCM versions. An error common to all models is that too much solar radiation is absorbed in the middle latitudes during summer.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation 相似文献
16.
本文通过与观测和再分析资料的对比,评估了LASG/IAP发展的气候系统模式FGOALS的两个版本FGOALS-g2和FGOALS-s2对南亚夏季风的气候态和年际变率的模拟能力,并使用水汽收支方程诊断,研究了造成降水模拟偏差的原因。结果表明,两个模式夏季气候态降水均在陆地季风槽内偏少,印度半岛附近海域偏多,在降水年循环中表现为夏季北侧辐合带北推范围不足。FGOALS-g2中赤道印度洋"东西型"海温偏差导致模拟的东赤道印度洋海上辐合带偏弱,而FGOALS-s2中印度洋"南北型"海温偏差导致模拟的海上辐合带偏向西南。水汽收支分析表明,两个模式中气候态夏季风降水的模拟偏差主要来自于整层积分的水汽通量,尤其是垂直动力平流项的模拟偏差。一方面,夏季阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾的海温偏冷而赤道西印度洋海温偏暖,造成向印度半岛的水汽输送偏少;另一方面,对流层温度偏冷,冷中心位于印度半岛北部对流层上层,同时季风槽内总云量偏少,云长波辐射效应偏弱,对流层经向温度梯度偏弱以及大气湿静力稳定度偏强引起的下沉异常造成陆地季风槽内降水偏少。在年际变率上,观测中南亚夏季风环流和降水指数与Ni?o3.4指数存在负相关关系,但FGOALS两个版本模式均存在较大偏差。两个模式中与ENSO暖事件相关的沃克环流异常下沉支和对应的负降水异常西移至赤道以南的热带中西印度洋,沿赤道非对称的加热异常令两个模式中越赤道环流季风增强,导致印度半岛南部产生正降水异常。ENSO相关的沃克环流异常下沉支及其对应的负降水异常偏西与两个模式对热带南印度洋气候态降水的模拟偏差有关。研究结果表明,若要提高FGOALS两个版本模式对南亚夏季风气候态模拟技巧,需减小耦合模式对印度洋海温、对流层温度及云的模拟偏差;若要提高南亚夏季风和ENSO相关性模拟技巧需要提高模式对热带印度洋气候态降水以及与ENSO相关的环流异常的模拟能力。 相似文献
17.
Sensitivity of the Upper Ocean Temperature and Circulation in the Equatorial Pacific to Solar Radiation Penetration Due to Phytoplankton 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Solar radiation penetration in the upper ocean is strongly modulated by phytoplankton, which impacts the upper ocean temperature structure, especially in the regions abundant with phytoplankton. In the paper, a new solar radiation penetration scheme, based on the concentration of chlorophyll-a, was introduced into the LASG/IAP （State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics） Climate system Ocean Model （LICOM）. By comparing the simulations using this new scheme with those using the old scheme that included the constant e-folding attenuation depths in LICOM, it was found that the sea surface temperature （SST） and circulation in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific were both sensitive to the amount of phytoplankton present. Distinct from other regions, the increase of chlorophyll-a concentration would lead to SST decrease in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The higher chlorophyll-a concentration at the equator in comparison to the off-equator regions can enlarge the subsurface temperature gradient, which in turn strengthens the upper current near the equator and induces an enhancing upwelling. The enhancing upwelling can then lead to a decrease in the SST in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The results of these two sensitive experiments testify to the fact that the meridional gradient in the chlorophyll-a concentration can result in an enhancement in the upper current and a decrease in the SST, along with the observation that a high chlorophyll-a concentration at the equator is one of the predominant reasons leading to a decrease in the SST. This study points out that these results can be qualitatively different simply because of the choice of the solar radiation penetration schemes for comparison. This can help explain previously reported contradictory conclusions. 相似文献
18.
Oceanic general circulation models have become an important tool for the study of marine status and change. This paper reports a numerical simulation carried out using LICOM2.0 and the forcing field from CORE. When compared with SODA reanalysis data and ERSST.v3 b data, the patterns and variability of the tropical Pacific–Indian Ocean associated mode(PIOAM) are reproduced very well in this experiment. This indicates that, when the tropical central–western Indian Ocean and central–eastern Pacific are abnormally warmer/colder, the tropical eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific are correspondingly colder/warmer. This further confirms that the tropical PIOAM is an important mode that is not only significant in the SST anomaly field, but also more obviously in the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly field. The surface associated mode index(SAMI) and the thermocline(i.e., subsurface) associated mode index(TAMI) calculated using the model output data are both consistent with the values of these indices derived from observation and reanalysis data. However, the model SAMI and TAMI are more closely and synchronously related to each other. 相似文献
19.
1 INTRODUCTIONIn global climate models belonging to the finitedifference calculation category, the equations aregenerally solved in normal spherical coordinates. Due tothe convergence of meridians towards the poles inspherical coordinates, the combination of thiscoordinate system and explicit finite-difference methodsleads to two problems. First, the pole itself is a point ofsingularity with direction undefined. Second, due to thedependence of the stability from finite-differencenumerics … 相似文献
20.
为了定量评估北京气候中心(BCC)发展的BCC_CSM对当代全球海表温度和混合层深度的模拟能力,以WOA09(World Ocean Atlas 2009)观测资料作为检验模式的气候态实况场,提取包括BCC_CSM在内的CMIP5中的17个海气耦合模式的模拟结果,评估BCC_CSM模拟的全球海表温度和混合层深度的气候平均态并分析造成偏差的可能原因。结果表明:BCC_CSM模拟的海表温度在北半球中高纬的误差较大,而在其余纬度的模拟性能较佳。偏差的产生主要归因于海洋环流偏差。BCC_CSM模拟的最深混合层在北半球中高纬和南半球高纬地区的误差较大,同时这些区域也是多模式模拟差异最大的区域;其模拟的最浅混合层在南半球中高纬的偏差较大。冬季大西洋经向翻转环流的模拟在北大西洋下沉的位置偏南导致北半球高纬地区海表温度偏冷。由此认为包括BCC_CSM在内的许多海气耦合模式需重点改进对南、北半球深对流海域物理过程的描述,以提高气候预测的可信度。 相似文献