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1.
Andrea Nightingale 《Geoforum》2003,34(4):525-540
This paper presents a theoretical framework for analyzing human–environment issues that examines shifting, dialectical relationships between social and power relations, cultural beliefs and practices, and ecological processes to allow an interdisciplinary, complex assessment of social and environmental change in Nepal. The purpose of this analysis is to capture the complexity and non-static nature of environmental and social change in the context of uneven development. Drawing from political ecology and feminist geography, this framework brings together scholarship on aspects of human–environment issues that are often pursued in isolation, yet all three processes, social–political relations, cultural practices and ecological conditions, have been acknowledged as important in shaping the trajectory of social and ecological change. I argue that a consideration of the articulations between them is necessary to understand first, how specific land management regimes arise and are dominant over time in specific places. And second, I examine the extent to which these regimes distribute resources equitably within communities, promote economic development and sustain ecological resilience. In this analysis, ecological processes are conceptualised as co-productive of social and cultural processes to explore their role in land management regimes without resorting to environmental determinist or similarly reductive paradigms. I present this framework through the example of natural resource management, specifically community forestry in Nepal, as it offers a rich case study of the relationships between the political economy of land use and the ecological effects of natural resource extraction. 相似文献
2.
Although rapid land-use change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China, relatively less attention
has been paid to studying the characteristics of land use change, as well as the ecological responses of land use change in
these regions, especially in fragile agro-pastoral regions. This paper analyzes the land use change and its ecological responses
during 1985–2005 based on the landscape metrics change and transition matrix of land use types by the combined use of satellite
remote sensing and geographical information systems in Shandan County, a typical agro-pastoral region in the middle and upper
reaches of Heihe River, northwest China. The results indicate significant changes in land use have occurred and the landscape
has become more continuous, clumped and more homogeneous within the examined area. Land use change was mainly characterized
by remarkable expansion of barred land and water area, slight increase of cropland and urbanized land, and evident shrinkage
of grassland and woodland. The study also demonstrates that the land cover suffered severe degeneration and the ecological
environment tended to deteriorate over the study period, mainly as follows: grassland degradation, land desertification and
ecosystem services decline. 相似文献
3.
Haoran Zhai Xinming Tang Guanghui Wang Jiayu Li Keming Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(16):585
Mountainous areas account for approximately 69% of the land area in China, and these areas are prone to poverty. Thus, analyzing the land use characteristics and conducting simulations and prediction studies of poor cities in mountainous areas are important research topics. The land use change processes and characteristics in Chengde County, Hebei Province, China were analyzed in this paper based on the spatial distributions and temporal changes of land use types. Fourteen driving factors and five land use types were used in performing binary logistic regression analysis. The dynamic conversion of land use and its effects model was used to simulate the land use distributions, which were further simulated under three scenarios in 2021: natural growth, ecological conservation and accelerated development. The results show that the ecological conservation scenario optimized the land use distribution and effectively protected the environment, thereby increasing the suitability of future development. Based on the research results, this paper concludes that the correct development directions in the future should include preparing accurate and effective policies, promoting industrial structure reform, driving economic transformations and improvements, and improving the land use efficiency. The experimental results provide significant technical support for preparing and revising land use plans in poor mountainous cities. 相似文献
4.
西南岩溶区生态环境可持续发展的生态足迹分析——以广西为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
生态足迹是一种度量可持续发展程度的方法,能定量判断一个区域生态环境的发展是否处于生态承载能力的范围内.以西南岩溶地广西为例,采用生态足迹的理论和方法对2004年广西区域生态足迹状况进行了测算和实证分析,并与2003年进行了比较.结果表明:广西人均生态足迹由2003年的1.1378 hm2上升到2004年的1.2239 hm2;人均生态承载力由2003年的0.5753 hm2下降到2004年的0.5736 hm2,广西经济社会活动对生态环境的需求强度已经超过了生态承载力的供给;人均生态赤字由2003年的0.5625 hm2增长到2004年的0.6503 hm2,处于不可持续的发展状态.必须采取相应措施,促使广西生态环境发展向良性和可持续方向转化. 相似文献
5.
喀斯特石漠化是青藏高原隆升在其东南翼所诱发的重要地质生态灾害问题,是制约中国西南地区社会经济发展的关键因素.它不是一种纯自然过程,而是与人类活动密切相关,不仅造成土地资源丧失,干旱缺水,生态系统退化,而且使该区的贫困问题加剧,具有明显的自然和社会学属性.本文着重从地质和生态的角度,阐述喀斯特石漠化的形成特点和演化方式,及其对综合治理的指导意义.对西南岩溶山地而言,土壤和植被是生态环境中最为敏感的自然环境要素,与非岩溶区相比,具有明显的脆弱特征.它们在干扰下发生迅速演替,诱发地表水文条件的改变,导致石漠化的形成.文中特别强调岩溶山区碳酸盐岩基底岩性的不同、生态环境类型与植被演替的方式和进程的多样性对于岩溶生态系统的影响作用.基于上述认识,对石漠化地区的土地利用方式和生态恢复过程以及可能发展的方向提出了一些建议和看法. 相似文献
6.
人居环境是居民生活和社会发展的重要基础,科学量化人居环境适宜性有助于引导区域人口规划,促进人口与资源协调发展。本文基于大数据,运用GIS技术,从居住环境、社会环境、经济环境和生态环境四个方面构建综合评价指标体系,以1 km栅格为基本单元,对上海市人居环境适宜性进行空间测度评价。结果表明:上海市人居环境指数介于-1.79~45.57之间,空间分布上呈现中心城区向周边区域递减的态势,整体分布趋势与人口密度相关性较高。高值区主要集中在中心城区一带,土地面积较小,人口密度大,承载压力较大;发展潜力较高的中等适宜区主要涉及外环及新城区域,土地面积大,是未来人口导向的潜力区。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古科尔沁沙地历史上曾是科尔沁大草原,现在是农牧交错区,该区的土地利用关系到生态安全、国家粮食安全和农民生计。该区域“坨甸相间”地貌特点造成不同地形部位土壤含水量存在差异,降水量年际变化大。通过卫星影像数据解译出土地利用/覆被类型图与土壤图进行叠加,获得了显性沙地和隐性沙地数量与分布信息。首先保留耕地以外的其他地类,再利用卫星影像数据反映不同降水年型耕地的归一化植被指数(NDVI),将偏欠水年NDVI低于平均值的耕地退耕还草,消除这些耕地的冬春沙化风险,以进行土地利用布局调整。这种直接利用遥感数据获取土地利用/覆被类型和耕地的NDVI进行土地利用空间布局调整的方法,十分简单实用。本文还根据地貌和沙地降水入渗快的特点,提出了与高标准农田建设模式不同但与区域地理环境相吻合的农田整治模式,即利用自然沙丘作为区域风沙防护工程,土地开发不做大平整,不修建灌溉系统,发展雨养农业。以上根据区域地理环境条件进行土地利用布局和确定农田开发建设模式,可将农业生产与荒漠化防治和谐结合在一起,实现土地可持续利用。 相似文献
8.
基于分区—分层—分波段方法,对贵州省大方县1988年、2001年、2009年三期TM影像进行土地利用类型分类,并对其时空变化规律进行分析。结果表明:三个时间段内耕地既有扩张也有缩减,但总体面积减少,减少幅度为33%;林地扩张范围大于退缩范围,总体面积增加,增加幅度为34%;草地面积先减少后增加,空间格局变化剧烈,总体减幅为11%;建设用地数量上持续扩张,增幅比例最大,增幅达715%。总体而言,人类活动是影响大方县土地利用数量和空间格局变化的主要原因,海拔和坡度等自然因素对耕地、林地的扩张和退缩有明显影响。 相似文献
9.
全新世气候变化与中国北方沙漠化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
气候变化是中国北方地区荒漠化形成发展的主要控制因素。新生代以来伴随着青藏高原的隆升和内陆盆地的下降逐渐形成的气候格局造就了北方地区荒漠化土地的分布。北方西部内陆盆地以干旱气候为主要特征,中部高原是受季风系统中夏季风和冬季风的消长变化影响最为显著的地区,东部地区则以暖湿气候为主,受夏季风控制。第四系以来气候的波动则控制着沙漠化的发展或逆转。末次间冰期以来一直持续的大约以1500a为周期的气候振荡对中国北方地区的沙漠化有重要的影响或控制作用。全新世以来,北方地区约在10000aBP、8000aBP、5500aBP、4000aBP、3000aBP、1500aBP的沙漠化过程分别与北大西洋第7、5、4、3、2和1次的浮冰事件相应,沙漠化扩大过程与全球气候变化的主要事件相一致。十年尺度上气候变化的周期性振荡对沙漠化有一定的影响,至少在生态环境脆弱的敏感地带对沙漠化可以起到控制作用。年际尺度上,6.7a和3.38a气候变化周期控制着我国北方地区沙尘暴的发生。此外,北方不同地区近150a以来的人类活动对沙漠化的扩大起到了重要作用。 相似文献
10.
石羊河流域是流域经济社会可持续发展研究的重点区域之一。为找出流域城镇化用地空间扩展的机理,从社会经济、区位交通、生态约束出发,开展了城镇空间扩展用地评价与预测研究。首先,利用改进的土地适宜性评价方法,找出城镇扩展可能性和各乡镇适宜性高值区的空间格局,发现其主要位于流域中部绿洲生态功能区,沿G30高速公路和312国道分布,以县城/城区为中心呈星形扩散。然后,利用经过精度检验的土地转化模型（LTM）,在适宜性评价因子的基础上模拟城镇扩张。结果表明：凉州区和金川区为流域发展的"两核",312国道天祝至永昌段、211省道凉州至民勤段、212省道永昌至金川段为流域发展的"三带"。上述结果可为政府制定流域发展规划提供参考。 相似文献
11.
12.
Territorial disparities, natural resource distribution, and land degradation: a case study in southern Europe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this paper is to analyse the territorial disparities in some socio-economic and environmental factors involved
in land degradation (LD) processes in a dry Mediterranean region. A simplified framework in which ecological and economic
factors may increase inequality in natural resource distribution along the elevation gradient and accelerate LD is illustrated.
To test at a local scale if territorial disparities observed in such factors have increased in the last period, we studied
changes in LD sensitivity over thirty years in Latium, central Italy, a region prone to soil degradation phenomena. An estimate
of LD sensitivity at the municipality level was obtained through a synthetic index (ISD) composed by three partial indicators
analysing respectively climate and soil conditions (CLI), land use characteristics (LAN), and human pressure (POP). ISD and
the three partial indicators were computed separately for 1970 and 2000. The divergence in LD sensitivity among coastal and
inland areas significantly increased over the study period. In the former zones, median ISD increased with a reduction in
score variability among municipalities; the reverse pattern was observed in the latter zones. Differences in ISD score among
the elevation gradient are especially due to human factors affecting land use changes and agriculture intensification. New
findings to be achieved in the context of human impacts on the environment as an original contribution to the study of LD
at a local scale were finally delineated. 相似文献
13.
Modeling hydrological ecosystem services and tradeoffs: a case study in Baiyangdian watershed, China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Yang Bai Hua Zheng Zhiyun Ouyang Changwei Zhuang Bo Jiang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):709-718
Policy makers and scientists consider that land use strategies are designed to provide direct benefits to people by protecting vital ecosystem services. However, due to lack of information and evaluation methods, there is no effective and systematic tool for assessing tradeoffs between direct human benefits and ecosystem services. Land use changes influence ecosystem properties, processes and components, which are the basis for providing services. Five alternative land use scenarios (no conversion of agricultural lands, no urban expansion, agricultural expansion, forestry expansion, and riparian reforestation) were modeled for the Baiyangdian watershed, China, a densely populated, highly modified watershed with serious water shortage and pollution problems. The model InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) is designed to inform decisions about natural resource management, with an aim to align economic forces with conservation. Three ecosystem services (agricultural production, hydropower production, and water quality) were modeled to balance direct benefits and hydrological ecosystem services using InVEST. The results showed that: hydropower production was the greatest in the forestry expansion, but the lowest in agricultural expansion; agricultural production was reduced the most in forestry expansion, while retained the most in riparian reforestation. Riparian reforestation also provided the highest N and P retention and lowest N and P exportation. Riparian reforestation was the optimal land use strategy, since it protected and enhanced the vital ecosystem services without undermining direct human benefits. This research presents an initial analytical framework for integrating direct human benefits and ecosystem services in policy planning and illustrates its application. Although there are important potential tradeoffs between ecosystem services, this systematic planning framework offers a means for identifying valuable synergies between conservation and development. 相似文献
14.
系统阐明岩溶石漠化的演变趋势,对正确认识岩溶石漠化发生发展过程及实施有效的石漠化综合防治措施具有重要意义。研究表明:（1）驱动石漠化发生与形成的因素有岩溶山地农户生计单一、土地压力大、土地承载力低和生态脆弱等4个主要因素;石漠化发生扩展其实质就是在低土地承载力背景下,过伐、过垦、过牧等土地利用方式触发了岩溶山地土地退化,即石漠化。（2）岩溶石漠化在发生发展到一定阶段后,随着社会经济背景的演变和石漠化驱动因素的变化、消失,石漠化面积扩张的趋势会发生根本性的转折,即石漠化转型。（3）中国西南岩溶山地土地利用方式改变引起生态系统机制改变,从而引起石漠化转型演变。石漠化转型是土地利用系统对经济社会发展与生态系统综合作用的响应,符合经济社会发展和生态系统演化的总体趋势。（4）中国西南岩溶山地石漠化演变对揭示该区域人地关系变化具有指导意义。 相似文献
15.
Globally, transport literature indicates a strong effect of land use on urban travel as people living in low density suburban areas tend to travel more by car than people living in high density urban areas. This is because in dense areas, public transport is organised more efficiently and travellers tend to travel shorter distances. However, this assertion is frequently based on locations with efficient integration of transport within the land use planning framework. In Ghana and many African countries, it remains unknown whether the effect of land use on urban travel is strong as reported in developed countries and elsewhere. This research examines the effect of land use on urban travel in Ghana using Kumasi, the second largest city in Ghana, as a case study. Simple questionnaire survey with urban residents, semi-structured interviews with agencies and secondary data analysis were used for this research. Results indicate negative effect of land use on urban travel as there has been increased congestion in all the major road arterials in the city resulting in difficulty in commuting using motorised transport. Findings further show a weak effect of land use on urban travel, as areas experiencing change of land use have poor locational accessibility. The paper recommends innovative ways of meeting the growing travel demand of residents in the city such as the development of a light rail and bus rapid transit systems to help ease congestion and improve public transportation. 相似文献
16.
研究大型矿业基地土地利用动态变化过程可间接评估矿产开发对区域生态环境的影响。采用2005年、2010年和2015年3期SPOT-5和GF-2卫星影像数据,通过人工目视解译与计算机自动提取相结合的手段,提取宁东煤炭基地土地利用信息,并收集2000年土地利用遥感解译信息,构建土地利用程度综合指数、动态度等,定量研究宁东煤炭开发引起的土地利用变化,结合经济社会发展指标,构建驱动土地利用变化的定量评价体系,分析了宁东煤炭基地土地利用格局变化的驱动因素。结果表明,2000—2015年宁东煤炭基地一直处于土地持续开发利用阶段,主要表现为草地、林地及耕地向工矿用地为主的建设用地转变,但土地利用程度综合指数的增幅有所下降,表明基地建设逐渐进入稳定期,土地利用压力趋于下降;主成分分析表明,人类活动驱动着宁东土地利用格局的变化,主要有封山禁牧政策、产业化和规模化、人口增长、城镇化等因素。该研究结果可为宁东煤炭基地未来生态环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
随着生态文明建设成为新时期国家目标,区域地质调查必须为我国能源资源安全保障和国土空间规划与生态文明建设服务.目前,我国区域地质调查工作已经向覆盖区为主的平原、盆地、草原、荒漠等地区拓展,但现行的地质填图技术方法体系,难以满足现今覆盖区地质填图工作的需要,亟待探索形成新的地质填图技术方法体系,扩大地质调查成果的服务领域.中国地质调查局于2014年设立了“特殊地质地貌区填图试点”项目,探索总结覆盖区区域地质填图技术方法.经过努力,形成了以“覆盖区区域地质调查技术要求（1:50 000）”为核心的覆盖区填图技术方法体系.试点项目初步确立了中国东部晚新生代以来构造-沉积演化的基本格架,揭示了晚更新世以来中国中东部沉积过程与生态环境演化及人类文明发展的制约关系.该方法体系的建立,对引领我国区域地质调查服务国家生态文明建设和生态环境保护具有重要意义.新的填图方法体系明确提出聚焦国家生态文明建设与生态环境保护,以地球系统科学为覆盖区区域地质调查的理论基础,实行需求驱动、问题导向、目标考核,努力解决调查区重大基础地质问题、重大资源与生态环境问题.调查的技术路线是地表地质调查与多种现代地球探测技术、信息技术等高度融合,并强调预研究与设计阶段的重要性.同时规定不平均使用工作量,取消填图主要实物工作量的量化指标规定;创新成果表达方式,明确地质填图服务多种社会需求,倡导填图首席科学家负责制,建立区调填图诚信体系. 相似文献
18.
基于地质建造的生态地质调查方法——以河北省承德市国家生态文明示范区综合地质调查为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态地质（学）是研究生态与地质环境相互关系及作用机理的科学。通过“承德市国家生态文明示范区综合地质调查”项目的实践，探索总结出一套适合山区、基于地质建造的生态地质调查思路和技术方法框架。按照全域背景（基准）调查—重点小流域调查—生态关键带解剖3个层次开展工作，逐步深化对承德市生态地质特征和作用规律的认知。通过全域1：25万地质建造分析与编（填）图，查明生态地质背景，划分生态地质单元，快速筛选生态资源优势区和生态环境问题区；针对筛选出的生态资源优势区和生态环境问题区，开展以小流域为单元的重点区1：5万调查，以查明优势资源特征，评价生态环境风险；开展重要地质建造典型生态关键带1：1万调查与研究，揭示生态地质系统三维结构特征和相互作用机理，为综合监测和生态系统演变趋势预测提供依据。构建了生态地质调查“需求—调查—转化”体系框架，依据生态地质调查成果，为承德市国土空间规划、生态产业发展和生态保护修复，提出了相应的地学建议。 相似文献
19.
Hanna Elisabeth Elg?ker 《GeoJournal》2012,77(5):591-613
The equine sector is increasingly influencing land use, especially in peri-urban areas where the demand for land is already high. The sector not only influences traditional farming and land use, but also social, legal and economic development, and thus demands new interpretations of rural and urban. However, there is currently a lack of information on the consequences of this sector at landscape, social and economic level. This study examines the influence of the equine sector on the development of multifunctional land use in peri-urban areas, using data and examples from Sweden. It also examines specific features of the associated growing area of research and the positioning of the issue within the broader context of land use and planning. The methods used were a case study of a municipality, together with interviews and analyses of statistical material at regional level in the context of multifunctional land use, planning and sustainable development. It was found that the structure of the equine sector varies at both national and local level due to local conditions, but that there are also common features that need to be further studied using a broad interdisciplinary starting point. 相似文献
20.
随着社会主义市场经济的发展,推进土地集约节约利用,促进城乡统筹发展,是当前和今后一个时期有效的利用现有土地资源,改善农村生产生活条件和环境、缓解建设用地供需矛盾的有效途径和手段。近几年来,日照市严格按照上级有关要求,规范开展了城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点工作,取得了显著成效。 相似文献