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1.
《地下水》2015,(6)
超低渗透油藏有时会出现同一个油藏区块油井产能平面分布很不均匀的现象,增加了开发技术政策制定与执行的难度。以鄂尔多斯盆地吴410长6油藏为例,结合开发实践,深入分析了产能平面分布不均的影响因素,研究认为:由于油藏各开发单元所位于的储层砂体不同,造成油井产油的物质基础不一样;储层物性分布不均直接影响到产能状况,储层层内非均质性,如渗透率非均质程度及韵律性和层内不连续薄夹层的分布等也对产能分布形成重要影响;储层构造有时也可决定超低渗透油藏的油水分布,构造低的部位油井含水较高;储层普遍发育的微裂缝在注水开发过程中易开启,造成油藏局部单井点水淹,层间裂缝可能造成注水向非目的层流逸。 相似文献
2.
矢量井网改善平面非均质油藏水驱开发效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
平面非均质是河流相沉积的重要特征。如果采用常规等井距五点井网开发该类油藏,往往会导致注入水在高渗透方向的突进,造成部分生产井见水时间早,含水上升快,而渗透率较低方向上的生产井注水受效不明显,当井组内的综合含水达到98 %时,注入水在该方向上还没有突破,即注水驱替往往不均衡,开发效果差。在渗流力学基础上,推导了平面非均质油藏矢量井网的井距设计公式。根据矢量井网的井距设计公式,建造了物理模型,开展了水驱油对比试验研究,检验了用矢量井网开发平面非均质油藏的有效性。试验结果表明：矢量井网能增大平面非均质油藏的波及系数,提高注入水的利用率,大大改善油藏开发效果。 相似文献
3.
《地下水》2015,(5)
以南梁西区长4+5油层组为例,研究储层非均质性参数在储层评价中的应用。该研究区非均质性较强,在表征储层特性的孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度以及有效砂岩厚度四个参数的基础上,添加了表征储层非均质性的渗透率级差、突进系数和变异系数进行聚类分析,结合工区铸体薄片、岩心观察及试油试采结果等资料,建立适合该区的储层评价标准,对该区储层进行综合评价。结构发现不同类型储层对油气后期开发的控制不同:Ⅰ类储层的油层发育好,试油单井产能最高,后期开发过程中稳产时间不长;Ⅱ类储层的油层发育较好,试油单井产能较高,后期进行注水开发一段时期后,其产量逐步上升,是油田的主要开发区域;Ⅲ类储层油层分布范围较少,后期注水开发效果不理想,是剩余油分布的主要部位。储层非均质性参数的加入,使储层综合评价更为合理,能较好地指导油气开发。 相似文献
4.
5.
研究油田注水开发过程中储层非均质性的动态演化特征,对于查明剩余油分布规律意义重大。扶余油田已进入高含水期,综合含水率已超过90%。为了科学有效地开发该油藏,调动剩余油潜力,有必要针对储层的宏观和微观非均质性进行深入细致的研究。选取不同含水期密闭取心井的物性、薄片、电镜、压汞及粒度等分析化验资料,通过详实对比分析储层不同含水期的物性和非均质性变化特征,得到了储层高含水期非均质性相关参数的动态演化规律。研究表明,扶余油田储层非均质性随含水率上升而逐渐减弱,呈现出由低含水期的中孔、中渗储层向高含水期的中高孔、中高渗储层演化趋势;注水开发对孔隙半径影响较小;储层碎屑颗粒在低含水期以接触式为主,中高含水期转变为孔隙-接触式、接触-孔隙式接触,高含水期以孔隙式接触为主。 相似文献
6.
依据注水开发过程中的矛盾,探讨无机垢对低渗/超低渗透岩性油藏影响。在储层特征与水质实验分析研究的基础上,开展真实砂岩微观模型水驱油对比实验。华庆油田长81油藏孔喉结构的非均质性强弱是由喉道结构特征决定,地层水为CaCl2型,洛河层注入水为NaHCO3型;注水开发过程中产生的主要无机垢为CaCO3,少量的MgCO3、CaSO4、BaSO4与SrSO4混合无机垢;无机垢对油藏的伤害是一个动态变化过程,表现为相对较好的物性和孔隙组合类型驱油效率损失率大于相对较差的物性和孔隙组合类型、驱替压力与倍数增大驱油效率损失率增大。注水开发过程中配伍性差产生的无机垢引起孔隙结构非均质性、贾敏效应与压敏效应增强,降低驱油效率,影响开发效果。 相似文献
7.
女34断块水平井提高采收率开发实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
舍女寺油田女34断块是大港油区典型的低渗透块状砂岩断块油藏，由于储层严重的非均质性，注水开发见效快、水淹快，并且形成油藏次生底水，作为水平井技术改善低渗透油藏开发效果的先导试验区块，经过深入地质研究和可行性论证，又相继完钻2口水平井，同时进行注采井网调整，编制了水平井和直井采油、直井注水的混合外网调整方案，方案实施后，断块采油速度由0．6％提高到2．6％，采收率提高8个百分点，开发效果显改善，实践证明水半井技术是改善低渗透非均质断块油藏开发效果的有效手段之一。 相似文献
8.
头台油田是构造—岩性油藏。裂缝型、特低渗透是其显著特点，常规注水开发后经常出现严重的油井水淹，造成油田开发低效。本文以头台油田研究为例，认为对于裂缝型特低渗透油田，采用注水吞吐采油技术，通过套管直接向地层注水，利用储层毛管力作用，进行油水置换，实现单井自注自采吞吐采油，可以改善油田开发效果，减缓产量递减。适合注水吞吐采油基本条件是岩石润湿性为弱亲水和岩石饱和非润湿相。影响注水吞吐采油效果的主要因素是储层吸水状况、微缝发育状况、储层非均质性、注入体积和关井压力等。吞吐采油技术可作为改善裂缝型特低渗透油藏开发效果的一种新的模式来研究和推广。 相似文献
9.
塔河油田奥陶系油藏TK440井组注水压锥地质模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系致密灰岩中的缝洞油藏储集空间主要为由天然裂缝和酸压裂缝沟通的一个或多个大型管道状洞穴构成的复杂系统.塔河油田四区TK440,TK449H和TK424C井等3口相互连通的油井见水直至水淹的开发过程表明产油层存在多个不同的边底水侵入通道,并不遵循由低到高逐渐见水的常规特征.在3口油井水淹之后,通过低部位的TK440井探索性注水使高部位TK424C井含水下降,而TK449H则变成不产水,使两口井的油产量明显提高.根据注水过程中的油水关系变化研究,提出TK440井组的储层概念模式和全新的注水压雏模式,即低部位注水可能实现对高部位水淹井从原水侵相反方向上补充刺余油体能量,导致高部位水淹井含水下降起到压制水锥的效果,从而达到提高采收率的作用. 相似文献
10.
流花11-1油田礁灰岩油藏储层非均质性及剩余油分布规律 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
结合流花11-1油田的岩芯、测井、地震、开发动态等资料总结了礁灰岩油藏沉积、成岩及构造等因素造成的储层非均质特征,引入的储层非均质综合指数,可更快速、直观地揭示了剩余油的分布规律.分析了控制剩余油分布规律的地质因素和开发因素.根据储层非均质性的综合研究成果,指出了剩余油潜力区;在潜力区部署的侧钻井生产情况较好,研究成果得到了验证.该研究思路对类似油田储层非均质性的表征与剩余油分布的预测有较好的借鉴作用. 相似文献
11.
W. Johannes 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,103(3):270-276
The melting of plagioclase and quartz has been investigated at P
H2O =2kb. A single crystal of plagioclase was surrounded by quartz powder and water. A reaction rim consisting of glass and of An-rich plagioclase developed around unchanged starting plagioclase. Microprobe determinations of melt and coexisting plagioclase compositions reveal a strong fractionation of plagioclase components between melt and new plagioclase. For example at 850° C the approximate X
An of melt is 0.3 and that of plagioclase is 0.8. The temperature interval between beginning of melting and complete melting of cotectic compositions is 100° C or more for quartz-plagioclase mixtures with plagioclases between An 40 and An 75. In comparison to the system Ab-An-H2O the plagioclase melting loop is somewhat wider in the investigated system Qz-Ab-An-H2O but the temperature interval is much smaller (100° C) than in the system Ab-An-H2O (200° C). The solidus data indicated by the new plagioclase compositions are practically identical with those observed in beginning of melting experiments. The results show that fractionation of plagioclase components between partial melts and restite plagioclase can be more pronounced in multi-component rocks than in the pure plagioclase system. This finding is important for the development of albite rich rocks from more basic compositions. 相似文献
12.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(8):1518-1532
Water mass transfer can occur between water and petroleum during changes in pressure and temperature. This process can result in the dilution or concentration of dissolved ions in the water phase of oilfield petroleum–water samples. In this study, PVT simulations were undertaken for 4 petroleum–water systems covering a range of reservoir conditions (80–185 °C; 300–1000 bar) and a range of water-petroleum mixtures (volume ratios of 1:1000–300:1000) to quantify the extent of H2O mass transfer as a result of pressure and temperature changes. Conditions were selected to be relevant to different types of oilfield water sample (i.e. surface, downhole and core samples). The main variables determining the extent of dilution and concentration were found to be: (a) reservoir pressure and temperature, (b) pressure and temperature of separation of water and petroleum, (c) petroleum composition, and (d) petroleum:water ratio (PWR). The results showed that significant dilution and concentration of water samples could occur, particularly at high PWR. It was not possible to establish simple guidelines for identifying good and poor quality samples due to the interplay of the above variables. Sample quality is best investigated using PVT software of the type used in this study. 相似文献
13.
O. Franko 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):215-218
Slovakia has very rich sources of mineral and thermal waters. One of the warmest is located in Piešt'any. Its discharge rate
is 40 l/s; it is Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO3-Cl type with T.D.S. 1.4 g/l, H2S 10 mg/l and temperature 68 °C. The waters seep on the spa island, which lies between the river Váh and its branch. The
characteristics of the water and mud predestine the existence of this great spa in Slovakia. Its reputation is based on the
treatment of rheumatic and neurological disesases.
Received: 15 November 1996 · Accepted: 13 January 1998 相似文献
14.
针对传统算法效率低的问题,将隐式双时间步法应用于求解二维浅水方程,建立了非结构网格下高效的有限体积模型。在应用双时间步法时,虚拟时间层中的定常问题采用高效的隐式LU-SGS（Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel）方法进行迭代求解。通过模拟计算4个典型算例以及与传统显式算法进行比较,对模型精度、效率及处理实际问题能力进行检验,分析了时间步长、内迭代次数对模型性能的影响。结果表明,双时间步法放宽了稳定性对时间步长的限制,时间步长可取到显式格式10倍以上,计算耗时减少了50%以上,模型具有良好精度与适应性,具有较好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
15.
为了在水流计算中定量化利用遥感水位数据,基于偏微分方程最优化控制理论建立了变分模型来融合二维平面非恒定流的数学模型和数据。根据遥感数据空间信息密集的特点,提出遥感水位数据同化的新算法。采用人工合成数据考察了面域遥感数据对于定常参数和时变两类参数的反演效果。试验结果表明,遥感数据提供的空间分布式信息有利于空间分布式参数的反演识别,而且通过引入考虑水面空间变化信息的附加项,可以改善观测信息的同化,更好地辨识时变参数(流量过程)。以Moselle河的RADARSAT卫星遥感水位数据检验了模型的实用性。 相似文献
16.
R. R. Giri Ph.D. H. Ozaki D.Eng S. Taniguchi M.Sc. R. Takanami M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(1):17-26
More effective techniques are required to mineralize the increasing number of recalcitrant organic contaminants at low concentrations in the water environment using advanced oxidation process. Though relatively new, photocatalytic ozonation (O3/UV/TiO2) is considered superior to ozonation (O3) and photocatalysis (UV/TiO2), due to synergistic effects and use of immobilized TiO2 photocatalysts is a milestone in advance oxidation process. This article aimed to elucidate 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) mineralization characteristics in low aqueous solutions by O3/UV/TiO2 using the world’s first high-strength TiO2 fiber catalyst in laboratory experiments. 2, 4-D degradation and TOC removal in O3, UV/TiO2 and O3/UV/TiO2 followed pseudo-first order reaction kinetic. The removal rates for 2, 4-D and TOC in O3/UV/TiO2 were respectively about 1.5 and 2.4-fold larger than the summation of the corresponding values in O3 and UV/TiO2. The O3/UV/TiO2 process was characterized by short-lived few aromatic intermediates, faster degradations of aliphatic intermediates and dechlorination as a major step in 2, 4-D mineralization. The significantly enhanced 2, 4-D mineralization in the process was attributed to increased ozone decomposition and reduced electron-hole recombination on TiO2 surface resulting to a large number of OH generation. The O3/UV/TiO2 process with the TiO2 fiber catalyst was very promising with respect to the major challenges being faced in AOP involving TiO2, namely separation of powder catalyst in suspension and reduced efficiency of immobilized catalysts (e.g. TiO2 film/fiber). 相似文献
17.
The solubility of water in several NaAl silicate melts has been determined up to 8 kbars. The results are shown on a (fugacity)1/2 versus mole percent solubility diagram and data points for any composition can be joined by 2 or more straight lines. It is suggested that each straight line segment represents a different water-solubility mechanism. 相似文献
18.
Reservoir and cap-rock core samples with variable lithology's representative of siliciclastic reservoirs used for CO2 storage have been characterized and reacted at reservoir conditions with an impure CO2 stream and low salinity brine. Cores from a target CO2 storage site in Queensland, Australia were tested. Mineralogical controls on the resulting changes to porosity and water chemistry have been identified. The tested siliciclastic reservoir core samples can be grouped generally into three responses to impure CO2-brine reaction, dependent on mineralogy. The mineralogically clean quartzose reservoir cores had high porosities, with negligible change after reaction, in resolvable porosity or mineralogy, calculated using X-ray micro computed tomography and QEMSCAN. However, strong brine acidification and a high concentration of dissolved sulphate were generated in experiments owing to minimal mineral buffering. Also, the movement of kaolin has the potential to block pore throats and reduce permeability. The reaction of the impure CO2-brine with calcite-cemented cap-rock core samples caused the largest porosity changes after reaction through calcite dissolution; to the extent that one sample developed a connection of open pores that extended into the core sub-plug. This has the potential to both favor injectivity but also affect CO2 migration. The dissolution of calcite caused the buffering of acidity resulting in no significant observable silicate dissolution. Clay-rich cap-rock core samples with minor amounts of carbonate minerals had only small changes after reaction. Created porosity appeared mainly disconnected. Changes were instead associated with decreases in density from Fe-leaching of chlorite or dissolution of minor amounts of carbonates and plagioclase. The interbedded sandstone and shale core also developed increased porosity parallel to bedding through dissolution of carbonates and reactive silicates in the sandy layers. Tight interbedded cap-rocks could be expected to act as baffles to fluids preventing vertical fluid migration. Concentrations of dissolved elements including Ca, Fe, Mn, and Ni increased during reactions of several core samples, with Mn, Mg, Co, and Zn correlated with Ca from cap-rock cores. Precipitation of gypsum, Fe-oxides and clays on seal core samples sequestered dissolved elements including Fe through co-precipitation or adsorption. A conceptual model of impure CO2-water-rock interactions for a siliciclastic reservoir is discussed. 相似文献
19.