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1.
何庆  高键  董田  何生  翟刚毅  邹高峰 《沉积学报》2021,39(3):686-703
目前关于牛蹄塘组页岩沉积古环境及其对有机质富集影响的认识尚显不足。为此,基于总有机碳（TOC）含量测定、XRD矿物组分分析、沉积地球化学分析等方法,以鄂西地区X井和Y井牛蹄塘组页岩为研究对象,揭示了页岩的沉积古环境,并探究了其对页岩有机质富集的影响。研究结果表明牛蹄塘组牛二段下部为富有机质层段,石英含量最高。牛一段页岩的Ca、P富集显著,牛二段以及牛三段页岩的Ca、Fe富集显著,其中牛二段页岩中的氧化还原敏感元素Mo、U富集程度最高。牛蹄塘组页岩无明显的Eu异常,轻稀土元素（LREE）比重稀土元素（HREE）更加富集。硅质页岩沉积于高的古生产力、较低的碎屑输入以及缺氧的底水环境;钙质页岩沉积于较高的古生产力、相对较低的碎屑输入以及贫氧—氧化的底水环境;而黏土质页岩和硅质—黏土质页岩沉积于较低的古生产力、较高的碎屑输入以及氧化的底水环境。此外,Babio、Sibio、U/Th、Corg/Ptot、Al、Ti/Al等古环境指标在垂向上的变化表明牛蹄塘组从沉积的早期到晚期,水深逐渐变浅,水动力条件变强,沉积底水的氧含量逐渐增加,表层水体的古生产力逐渐降低。缺氧的底水条件是控制牛蹄塘组富有机质页岩发育的关键因素。  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

The third (Es3) member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation is the main hydrocarbon source rock interval in the Raoyang Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin. The lower Es3 (Es3L) and upper Es3 (Es3U) submembers display clear differences in source rock quality. The formation mechanisms of the source rocks are investigated via geochemical methods using 60 samples from three wells to reconstruct the paleo-environment during deposition. The major element parameters exhibit changes in paleoclimate from humid to arid. Indicators such as Sr/Ba, B/Ga, the gammacerane index and isotopic data suggest fresh–brackish and hydrological open lakes with unstable water column stratification likely occurred during deposition of the Es3L submember and saline and hydrologically closed lakes with stable water column stratification likely during deposition of the Es3U submember. Carbon isotope values of organic matter, trace elements and biomarker parameters suggest that the Es3L submember had moderate productivity, with a significant contribution from terrigenous organic matter whereas the Es3U submember had slightly enhanced productivity, with no or minor contributions from terrigenous organic matter. Furthermore, the pristane/phytane ratio and the enrichment of Mo and U indicate that the euxinic bottom-water conditions (sulfidic) of the lakes during deposition of the Es3U submember were best for preserving organic matter. Comparison of the models of source rock deposition of the Es3L and Es3U submembers indicates that the redox conditions play an important role in the formation of organic-rich source rocks in the Raoyang Sag.  相似文献   

3.
The marine primary producers assimilate the atmospheric CO2 to form the organic carbon in surface water. The organic carbon then settles down through the water column and is removed from the oceans by final preservation in sediments in the form of petroleum or nature gases. The reconstruction of paleoproductlvity will thus improve our understanding of the biological processes in the formation of fossil energy resource and help to locate new sites for future exploration. In this study, biorelated elements P, Cd, Al, Ba, as well as redox sensitive element Mo, were analyzed in the 448 rock samples collected from Permian strata at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, Guangyuan (广元), Northeast Sichuan (四川) in China. On the basis of the Ti content, the nondetrital contents of P, Ca, and Al, denoted as Pxs, Cdxs, and Alxs, were calculated and found to coincide with the TOC content throughout the whole section, with some enrichment intervals being found in the middle part of Chihsia Formation, topmost Maokou (茅口) Formation, and Dalong (大隆) Formation. This suggests that the biorelated elements could be used as proxies for the paleoproductivity here in this section. Baxs, a paleoproductivity indicator widely used in the paleoceanography, shows insignificant correlation with TOC, Pxs, Cdxs, and Alxs, probably arising from the loss of biological barium in anoxic conditions. Compiled with the data of TOC content and Pxs Cdxs, and Alxs, three episodes of enhanced paleoproductivity were identified in Permian strata including the middle part of Chihsla Formation, topmost Maokou Formation, and Dalong Formation.  相似文献   

4.
氧化还原条件是控制页岩岩性特征和有机质保存的重要因素之一,可以使用多种地球化学方法对其进行评估。为了探讨相关地球化学指标对海相页岩沉积环境氧化还原条件的适用性,对四川盆地长宁地区N208井筇竹寺组和龙马溪组20个岩心样品进行的总有机碳含量（TOC）、硫元素化学种和主微量元素含量测试结果显示:筇竹寺组和龙马溪组底部层段的有机碳含量总体较高,平均值分别为3.73%和3.50%;向上有机碳含量普遍变低,平均值分别为0.410%和1.70%。筇竹寺组页岩的硫元素化学种以还原态硫为主,揭示其沉积水体还原程度高;相较而言,龙马溪组页岩的还原态硫含量相对较低,表明其沉积水体的还原性比筇竹寺组弱,为相对的弱还原环境。结合微量元素富集系数构建的S-MoEF-TOC体系判识结果显示:筇竹寺组页岩整体上属于贫硫酸盐的厌氧环境,其底部为厌氧环境,向上还原程度变低;龙马溪组页岩总体为含硫酸盐的厌氧—贫氧环境,向上还原程度变低,表现为贫氧环境。这些分析结果可以为加深认识筇竹寺组和龙马溪组页岩层系的地球化学特征及页岩气资源潜力评价提供新的参考。  相似文献   

5.
The relationship among H2S, total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS) and total nitrogen contents of surface sediments (0–1 cm) was examined to quantify the relationship between H2S concentrations and TOC content at the sediment water interface in a coastal brackish lake, Nakaumi, southwest Japan. In this lake, bottom water becomes anoxic during summer due to a strong halocline. Lake water has ample dissolved SO4 2? and the surface sediments are rich in planktic organic matter (C/N 7–9), which is highly reactive in terms of sulfate reduction. In this setting the amount of TOC should be a critical factor regulating the activity of sulfate reduction and H2S production. In portions of the lake where sediment TOC content is less than 3.5 %, H2S was very low or absent in both bottom and pore waters. However, in areas with TOC >3.5 %, H2S was correlated with TOC content (pore water H2S (ppm) = 13.9 × TOC (%) ? 52.1, correlation coefficient: 0.72). H2S was also present in areas with sediment TS above 1.2 % (present as iron sulfide), which suggests that iron sulfide formation is tied to the amount of TOC. Based on this relationship, H2S production has progressively increased after the initiation of land reclamation projects in Lake Nakaumi, as the area of sapropel sediments has significantly increased. This TOC–H2S relationship at sediment–water interface might be used to infer H2S production in brackish–lagoonal systems similar to Lake Nakaumi, with readily available SO4 2? and reactive organic matter.  相似文献   

6.
依据烃源岩地球化学实验手段和油气地化理论,对辽东湾地区辽中凹陷东营组东二下段(Ed2-1)和东三段(Ed3)地层进行了有机地化分析。在实验获取总有机碳(TOC)、生烃潜量(S1+S2)、氢指数(IH)、氢碳比(H/C)、氧碳比(O/C)、最大热解峰温(Tmax)、镜质体反射率(Ro)等有机地化参数的基础上,对有机质丰度、类型、成熟度等进行了系统分析,同时对东营组烃源岩进行了综合评价。研究表明,东二下段S1+S2集中在0~3 mg/g,TOC集中在0%~1.5%;东三段S1+S2集中分布在4~9 mg/g之间,TOC集中分布在1%~1.25%。东二下段有机质类型主要是III型,东三段有机质类型为II1、II2型。东二下段Ro0.5,东三段Ro0.5,并且随着深度的增加东三段烃源岩Ro相应的增加。Tmax随着深度的增加呈现出先增加后减少的异常现象,该种异常现象出现的原因与烃源岩有机质类型和有机质丰度之间存在很大关联。  相似文献   

7.
对鄂尔多斯盆地南部瑶科1（YK1）井延长组长7段页岩45件样品进行了总有机碳、Rock-Eval热解分析,并且对其中的15个样品进行了有机碳同位素组成分析、氯仿沥青“A”含量和微量元素分析。结果显示,长7段有机质丰度指标（TOC、氯仿沥青“A”、生烃潜量）之间具有良好的相关性,长73有机质丰度高于长71,长72有机质丰度最低;有机碳同位素指示长73层有机质类型好,以Ⅰ型为主,长72和长71层有机质以Ⅰ和Ⅱ型为主;氧化还原指标U/Th、δU和V/(V+Ni)值指示长7沉积时期水体整体为还原-强还原环境,其中,相比长72和长71的沉积环境,长 73的沉积环境还原性更强,可能达到厌氧、硫化细菌发育的程度。页岩中高P元素含量,指示YK1井长7段页岩沉积时期具有高古生产力特征。有机碳含量（TOC）与氧化还原指标和P元素呈良好的正相关关系,表明有机质含量的变化同时受控于古生产力高低和氧化还原的保存条件。因此,长7段页岩有机质富集模式可能属于“生产力模式”,即长7页岩有机质的富集是由于较高的初始生产力通过消耗水体中的氧气而形成易于保存有机质的缺氧环境。综合前人的页岩气研究成果,认为富有机质的长73层是鄂尔多斯盆地南部页岩气富集的最有利层段。  相似文献   

8.
Multidisciplinary analysis of the carbonaceous sediments of Warkalli Formation (Mio-Pliocene) from the Warkalli cliff section has been done to assess the source of organic matter, palaeodepositional settings and the hydrocarbon potential. The n-alkane distribution from n-C12 to n-C33 along with bimodal distribution indicates significant organic matter contribution from microbial activity and higher plants. The contribution from angiosperm source vegetation is indicated by the oleanane type of triterpenoids. The hopanes distribution indicates the immature stage of the organic matter, which is in agreement with the Tmax (av. 401 °C) and huminite reflectance (av. 0.28% Rr) values. The total organic carbon (TOC) contents vary between 0.8 and 6.72 wt. % in the studied sediments. Hydrogen index and oxygen index values range from 16 to106 mg HC/g TOC, and 113 to 344 mg CO2/g TOC, respectively. The maceral content is low, being dominated by the detrohuminite submaceral and the mineral matter accounts for 68 to 77% of the total composition. The phytoclast group (63–87%) is dominant with subordinate amorphous organic matter (4–35%). The study shows that the sediments were deposited in a marginal suboxic basin with intermittent variations. All the parameters unequivocally suggest that the studied sequence holds the potential to generate gaseous hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

9.
Suboxic trace metal geochemistry in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
We analyzed Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ba, Cd, U, Mo, V, and Re in water column, settling particulate, and sediment (0 to 22 cm) samples from the intense oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the eastern tropical North Pacific near Mazatlán, Mexico. The goal was to determine how the geochemistry of these elements was influenced by suboxic water column conditions and whether the sediments have a unique “suboxic” geochemical signature.The water column was characterized by a Mn maximum, reaching ∼8 nmol kg−1 at 400 m. Concentrations of Cu, Ba, Cd, Mo, Re, U, and V were unaffected by the low O2 conditions and were comparable to those of the open ocean. Sinking particles were composed of lithogenic particles of detrital origin and nonlithogenic particles of biogenic origin. Al, Ti, and Fe were mostly (at least 79%) lithogenic. About 75% of the Mn was nonlithogenic. Significant amounts (at least 58%) of Cu, Ba, Cd, and Mo were nonlithogenic.Sediment geochemistry varied across the continental shelf and slope. Cadmium, U, and Re have prominent maxima centered at 310 m, with 12.3 ppm, 10.9 ppm, and 68.3 ppb, respectively, at the core top. High values of Mo (averaging 6.8 ppm) and V (averaging 90 ppm) are seen in OMZ surface sediment. Additional down-core enrichment occurs for all redox-sensitive elements in the top 10 cm. For U, Mo, V, and Re, surface sediments are a poor indicator of metal enrichment. Comparison of the nonlithogenic composition of sediments with sinking particles suggests that direct input of plankton material enriched in metals makes a significant contribution to the total composition, especially for Cd, U, and Mo.We evaluated Re/Mo and Cd/U ratios as tracers for redox environments. Rhenium and Mo concentrations and Re/Mo ratios do not lead to consistent conclusions. Concurrent enrichments of Re and Mo are an indicator of an anoxic depositional environment. In contrast, high Re/Mo ratios are an indicator of suboxic conditions. Cadmium is enriched in surface sediments, while U has considerable down-core enrichment. The concentrations of Cd and U and the Cd/U ratio do not follow patterns predicted from thermodynamics. Though the water column is suboxic, these four redox-sensitive elements indicate that the sediments are anoxic. The implication for paleostudies is that a trace metal sediment signature that indicates anoxic conditions is not necessarily attributable to an anoxic water column.  相似文献   

10.
The sources and enrichment of organic matter in a sediment core in the first member of the Xiagou Formation (K1g1) from the Chang 2-2 borehole of the Jiuquan Basin, NW China, have been examined using Rock–Eval, maceral, carbon isotopes and biomarker data. This data indicates that highly variable organic matter sources and preservation conditions in response to climate change. TOC content, HI, and δ13C value were strongly correlated with the abundance of gammacerane, woody organic matter content, steranes/hopanes ratio, and C29 sterane content. This correlation demonstrates the importance that the control of the salinity of the depositional environment and organic matter sources can have upon the enrichment, type, and carbon isotopic composition of organic matter. In the Jiuquan Basin’s relatively high temperature and arid climate, high salinity lakes with high primary productivity of algae, planktons, and bacteria, and good organic matter preservation conditions (anoxic bottom water) resulted in the enrichment of isotopically-light algae-bacterial organic matter. In the Jiuquan Basin’s regions with a relatively low temperature and wet climate, fresh lakes with low primary productivity of algae, planktons, and bacteria received significant terrigenous high plants input, resulting in the deposition of a low abundance of isotopically heavier terrestrial organic matter.  相似文献   

11.
分析泥页岩形成的沉积环境对页岩气储层评价和甜点区优选具有重要意义。为深入探讨敦煌盆地五墩凹陷中间沟组下段富有机质泥页岩的形成环境和有机质聚集机制,以DY1井为研究对象,开展了总有机碳(TOC)含量、显微组成、碳同位素、主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素等测试。结果表明,五墩凹陷中间沟组下段岩性为灰黑色炭质泥页岩、粉砂质泥页岩夹薄煤层等,泥页岩具有较高的TOC含量,质量分数介于0.53%～25.25%,均值为8.18%,成熟度Rran介于0.74%～1.21%。Mo含量、P/Ti值和有机质显微组成表明,中间沟组下段沉积水体具有较低的初级生产力,高丰度有机质主要来自于陆源高等植物,反映了研究区浅水三角洲–半深湖环境下泥页岩的古生产力不是有机质聚集的关键控制因素;V/(V+Ni)、Ceanom、Th/U和UEF-MoEF协变模式等揭示中间沟组下段泥页岩形成于缺氧环境;Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr和气候指数C等指标反映了温暖–半干旱的古气候条件;Sr/Ba、Ba/Ga、Ca/(Fe+Ca)和Al2O3  相似文献   

12.
邱振  王清晨 《地质科学》2012,(4):1085-1098
通过对来宾地区蓬莱滩剖面和铁桥剖面中二叠统(茅口组)与上二叠统(合山组)TOC、古生产力(Ba/Al)以及保存条件(V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)等)等指标的研究,认为本区仅蓬莱滩剖面局部发育优质烃源岩(TOC平均可达3％),缺氧的盆地环境是本区烃源岩发育的主控因素。结合区域研究资料,认为黔桂盆地整体上不发育上二叠统烃源岩,可能与这一时期以峨眉山地幔柱为代表的区域性地壳隆升作用有关。  相似文献   

13.
黔北下寒武统黑色岩系的沉积环境与地球化学响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
下寒武统黑色岩系在我国华北、华南及塔里木盆地等广泛发育,但富有机质泥页岩的分布特征及其控制因素未有定论.本文对黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组(及同时期地层)不同沉积相带典型剖面中的富有机质泥页岩及其上下层位进行了地球化学分析,识别出寒武纪早期不同沉积相带氧化还原环境的明显差异.台内凹陷相主要岩性为黑色页岩,底部为不等厚的薄层...  相似文献   

14.
湖南西部桑植地区中二叠统栖霞组地层旋回性明显,有机质也呈周期性变化.研究其有机质聚集堆积控制因素将有助于理解海平面变化在富有机碳沉积物形成过程中的作用.选择其中一个旋回作为研究目的层段,通过黄铁矿形态以及地球化学参数有机碳TOC、硫同位素、DOP以及微量元素的研究发现,初级生产力参数Ba、Ni、Cu和Zn的变化与TOC含量的变化一致,有机质聚集堆积主要受海洋表层初级生产力的控制,底部水体氧化还原条件与初级生产力有关.有机质的堆积最终归因于高频相对海平面变化,海平面快速上升带来丰富的营养物质,提高海洋表层生物生产力,海底有机质的分解消耗大量氧气,氧需求量的增加形成底部水体贫氧-厌氧环境.   相似文献   

15.
To accurately identify the natural gas hydrates (NGH) in the sea area of the Makran Accretionary Prism, Pakistan, this paper presents the testing and analysis of major and trace elements in sediment samples taken from two stations (S2 and S3) in the area by the China Geological Survey. As shown by testing results, all major elements are slightly different in content between the two stations except SiO2 and CaO. This also applies to the trace elements that include Sr and Ba primarily and Cr, Ni and Zn secondarily. It can be concluded in this study that the tectonic setting of the Makran Accretionary Prism is dominated by oceanic island arc and that provenance of the Makran Accretionary Prism is dominated by felsic igneous provenance, which is at the initial weathering stage and mainly consists of granodiorite. Besides terrigenous detritus, there are sediments possibly originating from Makran-Bela Ophiolite from the northwestern part and Murray Ridge igneous rocks from the southeastern part. The V/Cr, Ni/Co, and V/(V+Ni) ratios indicate that sediments of the two stations are in an oxidation-suboxidation environment. However, the authors infer that the sedimentary environment of the sediments 3.0 m below the seafloor tends to be gradually transformed into a reduction environment by comparison with the Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea where NGH has been discovered. The sediments in the Makran Accretionary Prism are rich in organic matter, with total organic carbon (TOC) content greater than 1%. According to comprehensive research, the organic matter in the sediments mainly originates from marine algae and has high TOC content, which is favorable for the formation of NGH.  相似文献   

16.
盐度是水体最基本的属性之一,古盐度是古环境、古气候和古生物研究中常用的指标.对来自不同海域的现代水体盐度和沉积物地球化学数据进行整理,发现硼/镓(B/Ga),锶/钡(Sr/Ba)和硫/总有机碳(S/TOC)等比值与水体盐度具有显著的相关性,可有做作为示踪水体盐度的指标.这些化学元素的双变量图显示,每个指标的不同阈值指向...  相似文献   

17.
泾川地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘,烃源岩发育情况尚不明确。通过野外地质调查和钻井岩心观察,结合烃源岩测试及元素地球化学资料,对长10—长7烃源岩进行评价,在环境分析的基础上研究影响烃源岩发育的主要因素。结果表明：研究区延长组烃源岩以长73泥页岩为最好,有机质类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1为主,TOC为 0.42%～29%;长10—长7泥岩有机质以Ⅱ2型为主,平均TOC含量低于 2%;Ro为 0.47%～1.08%,有机质基本已成熟。长10—长7烃源岩形成于温暖潮湿的环境,弱还原弱氧化的淡水介质条件,水深相对较浅。古生产力、沉积速率及水介质环境影响烃源岩发育。热水活动促进了古生物的繁盛,P、Cu含量及 P/Ti值越高,有机质 TOC含量越高。（La/Yb）N值越高,沉积速率越低,有机质越富集。Cu/Zn值越高,V/Cr值越高,Th/U值越低,水体还原性越好,有机质丰度越高。总之,热水活动提高了古生产力水平,相对较低的沉积速率有利于有机质的富集,还原性较强的水介质条件可使有机质得到良好的保存。陇县一带烃源岩因受陆源植物输入的影响,且形成环境不利,烃源岩品质相对较差。  相似文献   

18.
田巍  王传尚  白云山  李培军 《地球科学》2019,44(11):3794-3811
上泥盆统佘田桥组是湘中地区页岩气勘探的重要层系之一.为了探讨湘中地区涟源凹陷上泥盆统佘田桥组黑色泥页岩有机质富集机理,系统采集了区内湘新地3井佘田桥组20个泥页岩岩心样品,开展有机碳含量、主量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素等地球化学特征测试,分析佘田桥组页岩的古盐度、古气候、古氧化还原条件和古生产力等古沉积环境.结果表明:佘田桥组底部层段有机碳含量较高（1.28%~2.68%）,平均值为1.69%.页岩主要成分为SiO2（50.27%）、Al2O3（13.66%）、CaO（11.55%）.微量元素Rb、Sr和Zr富集而Co、Mo、Sc和Hf亏损.Sr/Ba、化学蚀变指数（CIA）、Th/U、V/Sc、V/Cr、δU比值表明佘田桥组富有机质页岩段沉积环境为淡水-半咸水、干旱的贫氧-次富氧环境,贫有机质页岩段为咸水、干旱-半干旱的富氧环境.结合区域层序地层特征,综合对比佘田桥组有机碳含量（TOC）与古氧化还原条件、古生产力条件的相关性,揭示出涟源凹陷佘田桥组富有机质页岩段有机质富集的主控因素为古氧化还原环境,而贫有机质页岩段有机质主要来源于陆源供给.   相似文献   

19.
Paired organic and carbonate carbon isotope compositions of Late Permian Wujiaping (吴家坪) and Dalong (大隆) formations at Shangsi (上寺), Northeast Sichuan (四川) were analyzed by MAT 251. An abrupt negative excursion in the two isotope records was observed in the middle part of Dalong Formation, in association with a drop in the carbon isotope difference of the two records and an increase of total organic carbon (TOC) content. The negative drop of the paired carbon isotope records issuggestive of the input of 12C-enriched CO2. The molecular ratios of pristane to phytane and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene indicate the anoxic condition in this interval. The enhanced TOC content is indicative of the elevated preservation of organic matter due to the anoxic condition. These isotopic and organic geochemical data probably infer the occurrence of the upwelUng in this interval. The additional contribution of volcanism activity observed in South China cannot be excluded to the input of 12C-enriched CO2 and the negative shifts in carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter and carbonate.  相似文献   

20.
《Organic Geochemistry》1999,30(2-3):161-188
Organic-rich source rocks have generally been attributed to enhanced preservation of organic matter under anoxic bottom waters. Here, geochemical analysis of kerogen and whole rock samples of organic-rich (lithofacies B1) and organic-lean (lithofacies B2) laminated mudrocks of the Devonian–Carboniferous Exshaw Formation, Alberta, highlight the importance of primary production in governing the quantity and quality of organic matter. Lower Si/Al, K/Al, Ti/Al and quartz/clay ratios in lithofacies B2, similar maceral types and the laminated fabric of the two lithofacies indicate that the quality and quantity of organic matter are not related to grain size, redox or organic matter source changes. High Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Hydrogen Index (HI), low Oxidation Index (Ox.I. ratio of oxygen functional groups to aliphatic groups derived by FTIR), lighter δ15Ntot and heavier δ13Corg isotopes indicate that kerogen of lithofacies B1 accumulated during periods of high organic-carbon production and delivery of relatively fresh, labile, well-preserved organic matter to the sea floor. In contrast, low TOC, HI, high Ox.I., heavier δ15Ntot and lighter δ13Corg isotopes indicate low primary productivity and delivery, high recycling and poor preservation of organic matter during accumulation of lithofacies B2.  相似文献   

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