首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.

In this paper, Lake Taihu, a large shallow freshwater lake in China, is chosen as an example of reconstruction of eutrophication through the comparison between stable isotopes from dissolved nutrients and plants and water column nutrient parameters and integration of multiple proxies in a sediment core from Meiliang Bay including TN, TP, TOC, C/N, δ 15N, δ 13C, etc. Differences in aquatic plant species and trophic status between East Taihu Bay and Meiliang Bay are indicated by their variations in δ 13C and δ 15N of aquatic plants and δ 15N of NH4 +. A significant influence of external nutrient inputs on Meiliang Bay is reflected in temporal changes in δ 15N of NH4 + and hydro-environmental parameters. The synchronous change between δ 13C and δ 15N values of sedimented organic matter (OM) has been attributed to elevated primary production at the beginning of eutrophication between 1950 and 1990, then recent inverse correlation between them has been caused by the uptake of 15N-enriched inorganic nitrogen by phytoplankton grown under eutrophication and subsequent OM decomposition and denitrification in surface sediments, indicating that the lake has suffered from progressive eutrophication since 1990. Based on the use of a combination of stable isotopes and elemental geochemistry, the eutrophication of Meiliang Bay in Lake Taihu could be better traced. These transitions of the lake eutrophication respectively occurring in the 1950s and 1990s have been suggested as a reflection of growing impacts of human activities, which is coincident with the instrumental data.

  相似文献   

2.
The investigation and continuous monitoring with an innovative iron oxide embedded cellulose acetate membrane (FeO/CAM) on the concentrations of biologically available phosphorus (BAP) were conducted in the Meiliang Bay of the Taihu Lake during summer in 2004. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved (FeO-DP), particulate (FeO-PP) and total bioavailable phosphorus (FeO-P) had similar horizontal distribution. The BAP concentrations were the highest in those estuaries in the northern bay. With the decrease of the distance to the estuary or long shore, there was little difference between BAP concentrations in an open lake area. During the observation period, algal blooms occurred in most waters of the northern bay, which was reflected from the high concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). While they were not highest in the estuarine waters of those major rivers, this is the case for the BAP concentrations. The concentrations of Chl-a had a significantly positive correlation with those of bioavailable phosphorus in the open area of the Meiliang Bay. With the sediment resuspension induced by wind and wave, BAP concentrations increased in a short-term, indicating that the riverine P inputs mainly contribute to the concentrations of BAP in the estuarine water while internal P release was the major source of BAP in the open lake area. In the eutrophic shallow lake, the blooms of alga may cause pH increase and further result in internal P release. The above results showed that the new membrane of FeO/CAM can be used to monitor the concentrations of BAP and provide the scientific justifications for the control strategy of the lake eutrophication.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, Lake Taihu, a large shallow freshwater lake in China, is chosen as an example of reconstruction of eutrophication through the comparison between stable isotopes from dissolved nutrients and plants and water column nutrient parameters and integration of multiple proxies in a sediment core from Meiliang Bay including TN, TP, TOC, C/N,δ15N,δ13C, etc. Differences in aquatic plant species and trophic status between East Taihu Bay and Meiliang Bay are indicated by their variations inδ13C andδ15N of aquatic plants andδ15N of NH4 . A significant influence of external nutrient inputs on Meiliang Bay is reflected in temporal changes inδ15N of NH4 and hydro-environmental parameters. The synchronous change betweenδ13C andδ15N values of sedi-mented organic matter (OM) has been attributed to elevated primary production at the beginning of eutrophication between 1950 and 1990, then recent inverse correlation between them has been caused by the uptake of 15N-enriched inorganic nitrogen by phytoplankton grown under eutrophication and subsequent OM decomposition and denitrification in surface sediments, indicating that the lake has suffered from progressive eutrophication since 1990. Based on the use of a combination of stable isotopes and elemental geochemistry, the eutrophication of Meiliang Bay in Lake Taihu could be better traced. These transitions of the lake eutrophication respectively occurring in the 1950s and 1990s have been suggested as a reflection of growing impacts of human activities, which is coincident with the instrumental data.  相似文献   

4.
The hydrogen isotopic composition(δD) of leaf wax long-chain n-alkanes(C27, C29, and C31) from lacustrine sediments has been widely applied to reconstruct terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological changes. However, few studies have addressed whether the aquatic-derived n-alkanes can affect the δD values of lake sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes, which are usually regarded as a recorder of the terrestrial hydrological signals. Here we systematically investigated δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from modern aquatic plants, both near-shore and off-shore surface sediments, surrounding terrestrial plant litters, as well as river water and lake water in Lake Qinghai and its satellite lakes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our data showed that(i) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants varied from-184‰ to-132‰ for n-C27, from-183‰ to-138‰ for n-C29, and from-189‰ to-130‰ for n-C31, respectively, with no significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues;(ii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from aquatic plants were generally more positive than those from surrounding terrestrial plants, possibly because that they recorded the D-enrichment of lake water in this semi-arid region;(iii) δD values of long-chain n-alkanes from surface sediments showed significant differences among the three n-alkanes homologues, due to the larger aquatic input of n-C27 to the sedimentary lipid pool than that of n-C31, and(iv) n-C27 δD values of near-shore aquatic plants and near-shore sediments are more negative than those from off-shore as a result of lower δD values of near-shore lake water. Our findings indicate that in this region(i) the offset between sedimentary n-C27 and n-C31 δD values(ΔδDC27-C31) could potentially be used to evaluate if sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes are derived from a single source;(ii) while δD values of n-C27 may be influenced by lake water hydrological changes, sedimentary n-C31 is derived predominantly from terrestrial plants and thus its δD can serve as a relatively reliable indicator for terrestrial paleoclimatic and paleohydrological reconstructions.  相似文献   

5.
The compound-specific stable carbon isotope compositions(δ~(13)C) of leaf wax n-alkanes from two short sediment cores recovered off the Pearl River estuary(PRE) were analyzed to check for their capability of indicating decadal scale catchment environmental change. Sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes exhibited an odd-over-even predominance, with a maximum at n-C_(29) or n-C_(31), indicating their leaf wax origin was from vascular plants. The δ~(13)C values of C_(29) and C_(31) n-alkane in all the sediment samples were in the range of -28.8‰ to -31.2‰, consistent with the C_3 plant-dominated vegetation in the Pearl River catchments. The time series of δ~(13)C records from the two cores were comparable and displayed a decreasing trend from the early 20 th century to the end of the 1970s, followed by a reversal in that change leading to continued increase for ca. 15 years. After being corrected for the effect of atmospheric CO_2 rise and δ~(13)C_(atm) decline, the δ~(13)C_(29) records largely retained their raw changing pattern; the post-1980 increase being more conspicuous. The slightly decreasing trend in corrected δ~(13)C records before around 1980 may have been caused by an increase in precipitation, whereas the subsequent increase of δ~(13)C is likely associated with the observed dry climate and/or intensive anthropogenic deforestation. Our results thus demonstrate that leaf wax n-alkanes buried in the sediments off the PRE may well reflect change in the regional climate and/or human activity in the river catchments over the past century.  相似文献   

6.
The light hydrocarbon composition of 209 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of China have been determined and analyzed. Some identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or corrected. The differences of compound-specific δ 13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been founded. The humic-sourced gas has the distribution of δ 13Cbenzene> ?24‰, δ 13Ctoluene >?23‰, δ 13Ccyclohexane > ?24‰ and δ 13Cmethyl cyclohexane> ?24‰, while the sapropelic-sourced gas has the distribution of δ 13Cbenzene <?24‰, δ 13Ctoluene< ?24‰, δ 13Ccyclohexane< ?24‰ and δ 13Cmethyl cyclohexane< ?24‰. Among the components of C7 light hydrocarbon compound, such as normal heptane (nC7), methyl cyclohexane (MCH) and dimethyl cyclopentane (ΣDMCP), etc, relative contents of nC7 and MCH are influenced mainly by the source organic matter type of natural gas. Therefore, it is suggested that the gas with relative content of nC7 of more than 30% and relative content of MCH of less than 70% is sapropelic-sourced gas, while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35% and relative content of MCH of more than 50% is humic-sourced gas. Among components of C5–7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5–7 normal alkane of more than 30% is sapropelic-sourced gas, while the gas with relative content of C5–7 normal alkane of less than 30% is humic-sourced gas. These paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas.  相似文献   

7.
Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has provided unprecedented insights into the topographic histories of many of the world’s highest mountain ranges. However, on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), stable isotopes from paleosols generally yield much higher paleoaltitudes than those based on fossils. It is therefore essential when attempting to interpret accurately this region’s paleoaltitudes that the empirical calibrations of local stable isotopes and the relations between them are established. Additionally, it is vital that careful estimations be made when estimate how different isotopes sourced from different areas may have been influenced by different controls. We present here 29 hydrogen isotopic values for leaf wax-derived n-alkanes (i.e., δDwax values, and abundance-weighted average δD values of C29 and C31) in surface soils, as well as the δD values of soil water (δDsw) samples (totaling 22) from Mount Longmen (LM), on the eastern TP (altitude ~0.8–4.0 km above sea level (asl), a region climatically affected by the East Asian Monsoon (EAM). We compared our results with published data from Mount Gongga (GG). In addition, 47 river water samples, 55 spring water samples, and the daily and monthly summer precipitation records (from May to October, 2015) from two precipitation observation stations were collected along the GG transect for δD analysis. LM soil δDwax values showed regional differences and responded strongly to altitude, varying from?160‰ to?219‰, with an altitudinal lapse rate (ALR) of?18‰ km?1 (R 2=0.83; p<0.0001; n=29). These δDwax values appeared more enriched than those from the GG transect by ~40‰. We found that both the climate and moisture sources led to the differences observed in soil δDwax values between the LM and GG transects. We found that, as a general rule, ε wax/rw, ε wax/p and ε wax/sw values (i.e., the isotopic fractionation of δDwax corresponding to δDrw, δDp and δDsw) increased with increasing altitude along both the LM and GG transects (up to 34‰and 50‰, respectively). Basing its research on a comparative study of δDwax, δDp, δDrw(δDspringw) and δDsw, this paper discusses the effects of moisture recycling, glacier-fed meltwater, relative humidity (RH), evapotranspiration (ET), vegetation cover, latitude, topography and/or other factors on ε wax/p values. Clearly, if ε wax-p values at higher altitudes are calculated using smaller ε wax-p values from lower altitudes, the calculated paleowaterδDp values are going to be more depleted than the actual δD values, and any paleoaltitude would therefore be overestimated.  相似文献   

8.
Lower Cretaceous C-isotope records show intermittent negative/positive spikes, and consistent patterns of coeval chemostratigraphic curves thus document shifts that signal simultaneous responses of temporal changes in the global carbon reservoir. The standard pattern registered by the δ 13Corg and δ 13Ccarb in Lower Aptian sediments includes distinct isotope segments C1 to C8 (Menegatti et al., 1998). In the El Pui section, Organyà Basin, Spain, C-isotope segment C2 is the longest interval preceding segments C3–C6 associated with oceanic anoxic event 1a (OAE 1a), and reveals a distinct negative shift of ~1.8‰ to ~2.23‰ defining the C-isotope pattern within that interval. Total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), δ 13Corg, microfacies, n-alkanes show no difference before, during, or after the negative inflection. The biomarkers indicate that organic matter (OM) mainly originates from algal/microbial sources because short-chain length homologues (≤nC19) dominate. nC20 through nC25 indicate some contribution from aquatic vegetation, but little from higher plants (>nC25), as also suggested by the terrestrial/aquatic ratio of n-alkanes or (TAR) = [(nC27+nC29+nC31)/(nC15+nC17+nC19)] (averages 0.085). We suggest that conjoint pulses of contemporaneous LIPs (Ontong Java) and massive explosive volcanism in northeast Asia, the Songliao Basin (SB-V), best conform to plausible causes of the negative intra-C2 carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) at that time. Because of its apparent common occurrence the intra-C2 inflection could be a useful marker harbinger to the more pronounced CIE C3, the hallmark of OAE1a.  相似文献   

9.
The Xushen gas field, located in the north of Songliao Basin, is a potential giant gas area for China in the future. Its proved reserves have exceeded 1000×108 m3 by the end of 2005. But, the origin of natural gases from the deep strata is still in debating. Epimetamorphic rocks as a potential gas source are widely spreading in the northern basement of Songliao Basin. According to pyrolysis experiments for these rocks in the semi-confined system, gas production and geochemistry of alkane gases are discussed in this paper. The Carboniferous-Permian epimetamorphic rocks were heated from 300°C to 550°C, with temperature interval of 50°C. The gas production was quantified and measured for chemical and carbon isotopic compositions. Results show that δ 13C1 is less than ?20‰, carbon isotope trend of alkane gas is δ 13C1<δ 13C2<δ 13C3 or δ 13C1<δ 13C2>δ 13C3, these features suggest that the gas would be coal-type gas at high-over maturity, not be inorganic gas with reversal trend of gaseous alkanes (δ 13C1>δ 13C2>δ 13C3). These characteristics of carbon isotopes are similar with the natural gas from the basin basement, but disagree with gas from the Xingcheng reservoir. Thus, the mixing gases from the pyrolysis gas with coal-typed gases at high-over maturity or oil-typed gases do not cause the reversal trend of carbon isotopes. The gas generation intensity for epimetamorphic rocks is 3.0×108–23.8×108 m3/km2, corresponding to R o from 2.0% to 3.5% for organic matter.  相似文献   

10.
Actual evapotranspiration(ET_a) over the Tibetan Plateau(TP) is an important component of the water cycle,and greatly influences the water budgets of the TP lake basins.Quantitative estimation of ET_a within lake basins is fundamental to physically understanding ET_a changes,and thus will improve the understanding of the hydro logical processes and energy balance throughout the lake basins.In this study,the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of ET_α within the Lake Selin Co(the TP's largest lake) and its surrounding small lakes and land area during 2003-2012 are examined at the basin scale.This was carried out using the well-established Water and Energy Budget-based Distributed Hydrological Model(WEB-DHM) for the land area,the Penman method for the water area when unfrozen,and a simple sublimation estimation approach for the water area when frozen.The relationships between ET_a changes and controlling factors are also discussed.Results indicate that the simulated land ET_a from the WEB-DHM reasonably agrees with the estimated ET_a values from the nonlinear complementary relationship model using appropriately calibrated parameter values at a point scale.Land ET_a displayed a non-significant increase of 7.03 mm year~(-1),and largely depends on precipitation.For the water area,the combined effects of reduced wind speed and net radiation offset the effect of rising temperature and vapor pressure deficit,and contributed to a non-significant decrease in evaporation of 4.17 mm year~(-1).Sensitivity analysis shows that vapor pressure deficit and wind speed are the most sensitive variables to the changes of evaporation from the water area.  相似文献   

11.
The Ordos Basin, the second largest sedimentary basin in China, contains the broad distribution of natural gas types. So far, several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin, each having over 1000×108m3 of proven gas reserves, and several gas pools have also been discovered in the Mesozoic. This paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs, and then discussed their origin. For hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic, the elevated δ 13C values of methane, ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases; the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different maturity. In the Lower Paleozoic, the δ 13C1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic, but the δ 13C2 and δ 13C3 values are slightly lighter, suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type gases. There are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes, especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane (i.e. δ 13C1>δ 13C2), inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type gases. In the Mesozoic, the δ 13C values for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12C, indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources; the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different maturity. In contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases, the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane, which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally, according to δ 13C1-R 0 relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents, the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source, bycontrast, the Upper Paleozoic source as a main gas source is contributed to the Lower Paleozoic gases.  相似文献   

12.
In 2013, the China Geological Survey and Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey conducted the second Chinese gas hydrate expedition in the northern South China Sea(SCS) and successfully obtained visible gas hydrate samples. Five of the thirteen drilling sites were cored for further research. In this work, Site GMGS2-08 is selected for the stable isotopic analysis of foraminifera present in the boreholes in order to reveal the carbon isotopic characteristics of the foraminifera and their response to methane release in the gas hydrate geological system. Our results show that the methane content at Site GMGS2-08 is extremely high, with headspace methane concentrations up to 39300 μmol L~(-1). The hydrocarbon δ~(13)C values, ranging from-69.4‰ to-72.3‰ PDB, distinctly indicate biogenic generation. Based on the δD analytical results(~(-1)83‰ to~(-1)85‰ SMOW), headspace methane is further discriminated to be microbial gas, derived from CO_2 reduction. By isotopic measurement, five light δ~(13)C events are found in the boreholes from Site GMGS2-08, with foraminiferal δ~(13)C values being apparently lower than the normal variation range found in the glacial-interglacial cycles of the SCS. The δ~(13)C values of benthic Uvigerina peregrina are extremely depleted(as low as~(-1)5.85‰ PDB), while those of planktonic Globigerinoides ruber reach-5.68‰ PDB. Scanning electron micrograph(SEM) studies show that foraminiferal tests have experienced post-depositional alteration, infilled with authigenic carbonate, and the diagenetic mineralization is unlikely to be related to the burial depths. The correlation calculation suggests that the anaerobic oxidation of organic matter has only weak influences on the δ~(13)C composition of benthic foraminifera. This means that the anomalous δ~(13)C depletions are predominantly attributed to the overprinting of secondary carbonates derived from the anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM). Furthermore, the negative δ~(13)C anomalies, coupled with the positive δ18O anomalies observed at Site GMGS2-08, are most likely the critical pieces of evidence for gas hydrate dissociation in the geological history of the study area.  相似文献   

13.
The 2017 Guptkashi earthquake occurred in a segment of the Himalayan arc with high potential for a strong earthquake in the near future. In this context, a careful analysis of the earthquake is important as it may shed light on source and ground motion characteristics during future earthquakes. Using the earthquake recording on a single broadband strong-motion seismograph installed at the epicenter, we estimate the earthquake’s location (30.546° N, 79.063° E), depth (H?=?19 km), the seismic moment (M0?=?1.12×1017 Nm, M w 5.3), the focal mechanism (φ?=?280°, δ?=?14°, λ?=?84°), the source radius (a?=?1.3 km), and the static stress drop (Δσ s ~22 MPa). The event occurred just above the Main Himalayan Thrust. S-wave spectra of the earthquake at hard sites in the arc are well approximated (assuming ω?2 source model) by attenuation parameters Q(f)?=?500f0.9, κ?=?0.04 s, and fmax?=?infinite, and a stress drop of Δσ?=?70 MPa. Observed and computed peak ground motions, using stochastic method along with parameters inferred from spectral analysis, agree well with each other. These attenuation parameters are also reasonable for the observed spectra and/or peak ground motion parameters in the arc at distances ≤?200 km during five other earthquakes in the region (4.6?≤?M w ?≤?6.9). The estimated stress drop of the six events ranges from 20 to 120 MPa. Our analysis suggests that attenuation parameters given above may be used for ground motion estimation at hard sites in the Himalayan arc via the stochastic method.  相似文献   

14.
Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag, the East China Sea Basin, differ greatly in gaseous compositions, of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2%–94% while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by CO2. Their hydrocarbon gases, without exception, contain less than 90% of methane and over 10% of C2 + heavier hydrocarbons, indicating a wet gas. Carbon isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed that δ 13C1, δ 13C2 and δ 13C3 are basically lighter than ?44‰, ?29‰ and ?26‰, respectively. The difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great, suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation. δ 13 \(C_{CO_2 } \) values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than ?10‰, indicating a typical abiogenic gas. The simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit, consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the latter. Moreover, δ 13C1 values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰ heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit while δ 13C2 and δ 13C3 values of the former are over 9‰ heavier than those of the latter. Currently the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas reservoir in Lishui Sag, where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter, therefore, natural gases in the LS36-1 oil-gas pool are mainly derived from the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine source rock rather than the Lingfeng Formation marine or Mingyuefeng Formation coal-measures source rocks.  相似文献   

15.
Phosphatase may accelerate the process of lake eutrophication through improving phosphorus bioavailability. This mechanism was studied in three Chinese eutrophic shallow lakes (Lake Taihu, Lake Longyang and Lake Lianhua). Phosphatase activity was related to the concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and chlorophyll a. Stability of dissolved phosphatase in reverse micelles may be attributed to molecular size, conformation and active residues of the enzyme. At the site with Microcystis bloomed in Lake Taihu, dissolved phosphatase activity was higher and more stable in micelles, SRP concentrations were lower in interstitial water, the contents of different forms of phosphorus and the amounts of aerobic bacteria were lower while respiration efficiency was higher in sediments. Phosphobacteria, both inorganic and organic and other microorganisms were abundant in surface water but rare in sediments. Therefore, internal phosphorus may substantially flux into water column by enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic release, together with mobility of bacteria, thereby initiating the bloom. In short, biological mechanism may act in concert with physical and chemical factors to drive the internal phosphorus release and accelerate lake eutrophication.  相似文献   

16.
The evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) during the Holocene has long been of significant interest.Knowledge of past EASM variability not only increases our understanding of monsoon dynamics on a long timescale,but it also provides an environmental and climatic background for research into Chinese cultural development.However,the timing of the EASM maximum remains controversial.The popular concept of an "early Holocene maximum" is mainly based on speleothemδ~(18)O(δ~(18)O_c) records from caves in southern China;however,the interpretation of δ~(18)O_C as a reliable proxy for EASM intensity is being increasingly challenged.The present paper is a critical review of the climatic significance of the δ~(18)O_C record from China.Firstly,we suggest that precipitation in northern China is an appropriate index of EASM intensity,the variation of which clearly indicates a mid-Holocene monsoon maximum.Secondly,an interregional comparison demonstrates that the precipitation record in northern China is quite different from that in southern China on a range of timescales,and is inconsistent with the spatial similarity exhibited by speleothem oxygen isotope records.Furthermore,both modeling and observational data show that the δ~(18)O_C records from southern China indeed reflect changes in precipitation δ~(18)O(δ~(18)O_P) rather than precipitation amount,and therefore that their use as an EASM proxy is inappropriate.Finally,we address several significant monsoon-related issues-including the driving mechanism of the EASM on an orbital timescale,the climatic significance of speleothem oxygen isotopes,and the relationship between atmospheric circulation and precipitation in monsoonal regions.  相似文献   

17.
水体富营养化会对整个水生态系统产生重要影响.为了解太湖富营养化对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响,于2012年3月至2013年2月对太湖3个典型湖区——藻型湖区(梅梁湾)、草型湖区(胥口湾)和强扰动湖区(湖心区)开展浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较研究.3个湖区中,湖心区营养水平最高,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾浮游甲壳动物密度和生物量最高,其次是湖心区,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾、湖心区和胥口湾的浮游甲壳动物年平均密度分别为199、150和91 ind./L,年平均生物量分别为1.950、1.557和0.743 mg/L.在整个研究期间,梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的浮游甲壳动物种类数分别为13、11和11;3个湖区的浮游甲壳动物优势种均为中华窄腹剑水蚤和简弧象鼻溞,其中中华窄腹剑水蚤在梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的年平均密度分别为57、25和36 ind./L,简弧象鼻溞在3个湖区的年平均密度分别为40、22和32 ind./L.胥口湾浮游甲壳动物生物多样性指数显著低于梅梁湾和湖心区.相关分析表明,浮游甲壳动物密度与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关.研究表明,同一湖泊不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物会对水体富营养化产生不同的生态响应.  相似文献   

18.
Non-dispersive infrared(NDIR) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS) CO_2 analyzers use 12CO_2 isotopologue absorption lines and are insensitive to all or part of other CO_2-related isotopologues. This may produce biases in CO_2 mole fraction measurements of a sample if its carbon isotopic composition deviates from that of the standard gases being used. To evaluate and compare the effects of carbon isotopic composition on NDIR and CRDS CO_2 analyzers, we prepared three test sample air cylinders with varying carbon isotopic abundances and calibrated them against five standard cylinders with ambient carbon isotopic composition using CRDS and NDIR systems. We found that the CO_2 mole fractions of the sample cylinders measured by G1301(CRDS) were in good agreement with those measured by Lo Flo(NDIR). The CO_2 values measured by both instruments were higher than that of a CO_2 isotope measured by G2201i(CRDS) analyzer for a test cylinder with depleted carbon isotopic composition δ~(13)C =-36.828‰, whereas no obvious difference was found for other two test cylinders with δ~(13)C=-8.630‰ and δ~(13)C=-15.380‰, respectively. According to the theoretical and experimental results, we concluded that the total CO_2 mole fractions of samples with depleted isotopic compositions can be corrected on the basis of their 12CO_2 values calibrated by standard gases using Lo Flo and G1301 if the δ~(13)C and δ18O values are known.  相似文献   

19.
We study the frictional and viscous effects on earthquake nucleation, especially for the nucleation phase, based on a one-degree-of-freedom spring-slider model with friction and viscosity. The frictional and viscous effects are specified by the characteristic displacement, U c, and viscosity coefficient, η, respectively. Simulation results show that friction and viscosity can both lengthen the natural period of the system and viscosity increases the duration time of motion of the slider. Higher viscosity causes a smaller amplitude of lower velocity motion than lower viscosity. A change of either U c (under large η) or η (under large U c) from a large value (U ch for U c and η h for η) to a small one (U cl for U c and η l for η) in two stages during sliding can result in a clear nucleation phase prior to the P-wave. The differences δU c = U ch ? U cl and δη = η h ? η l are two important factors in producing a nucleation phase. The difference between the nucleation phase and the P-wave increases with either δU c or δη. Like seismic observations, the peak amplitude of P-wave, which is associated with the earthquake magnitude, is independent upon the duration time of nucleation phase. A mechanism specified with a change of either η or U c from a larger value to a smaller one due to temporal variations in pore fluid pressure and temperature in the fault zone based on radiation efficiency is proposed to explain the simulation results and observations.  相似文献   

20.
Gega lake, in southeastern Tibet, was formed by the blocking of Yarlung Tsangpo gorge by a glacier and is a well-known example of geomorphological damming. However, the evolution of the damming process at the site is still not understood in detail. Here, we use measurements of multiple magnetic parameters of the sediments from the Yusong (YS) 3 section, which is well-dated by optically stimulated luminescence, to provide a detailed history of the late stage of Gega dammed lake since 17.0 ka. Low-frequency field magnetic susceptibility (χlf) increases upwards gradually from 25 to 79?×?10?8 m3/kg above 5.5 m, but other magnetic properties, such as frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χfd % and χfd), susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χARM), and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) did not show a similar degree of enhancement. The magnetic grain size indicators of χARM/χlf, χARM/SIRM, and χlf/SIRM all indicate a trend of increasing magnetic grain size from the 5.5 m to the top of section; however, the bulk sediment grain size decreases gradually within the same interval. The total organic carbon is very low (0.2–0.7%), and thus, it is unlikely that the sedimentary environment is sufficiently strongly reducing to lead to the dissolution of magnetic minerals. Therefore, we infer that the coarsening-upwards of the magnetic grain size, and the increasing magnetic susceptibility from 5.5 m, reflect the gradual preferential preservation of magnetic minerals, caused by the deepening of the lake. Thus, we interpret the magnetic record of the section as reflecting the gradual deepening of the late stage of Gega ice-dammed lake. Last, the abrupt disappearance of the lake may have resulted in an outburst flood.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号