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1.
Different from previous studies on effect of weathering upon geochemical variation along a single weathered profile, this paper provides a new methodology validated by comparing a weathered outcrop samples and their stratigraphic counterpart un-weathered core samples in a nearby shallow borehole. This outcrop and borehole penetrated the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng–Longmaxi shales, located in the same anticline structure in the northern part of Guizhou Province, Southern China. The mineral composition, major, trace and rare earth elements (REEs) composition and Rock-Eval parameters of outcrop and core samples were analyzed and compared. Organic matter (OM) was observed in the microscope and extracted for elements analysis. The results show that short-term weathering still has significant influence on OM, mineral and elemental composition of black shales. The elements composition shows the outcrop profile was moderately weathered. The REEs compositions do not alter much during weathering process and the REEs composition and their relative ratios still are valid for rock origin determination. The OM, mainly composed by graptolite and bitumen, even entering the highly-over thermal maturity, is still sensitive to the weathering with a systematic loss 30–50% of TOC along the outcrop profile, which suggests that the OM consumption is predominantly controlled by weathering duration and the distance from the weathering surface. In turn, OM has significant influence on the trace elements transportation behavior during weathering. Some trace elements associated with the OM such as V, Cr, Th, U, Ni and Co, change significantly in their absolute concentration during weathering, but their relative ratios do not necessarily change too much and might be still reliable proxies for paleo-environmental determination. The mobility of shale minerals during weathering is in the following order: plagioclase?>?potassium feldspar and dolomite >pyrite and OM. Short-term weathering can also result in considerable transportation of elements and significant variation of minerals content in black shale, which may pose potentially high environmental and engineering risk in the regions rich in black shale.  相似文献   

2.
何庆  高键  董田  何生  翟刚毅  邹高峰 《沉积学报》2021,39(3):686-703
目前关于牛蹄塘组页岩沉积古环境及其对有机质富集影响的认识尚显不足。为此,基于总有机碳（TOC）含量测定、XRD矿物组分分析、沉积地球化学分析等方法,以鄂西地区X井和Y井牛蹄塘组页岩为研究对象,揭示了页岩的沉积古环境,并探究了其对页岩有机质富集的影响。研究结果表明牛蹄塘组牛二段下部为富有机质层段,石英含量最高。牛一段页岩的Ca、P富集显著,牛二段以及牛三段页岩的Ca、Fe富集显著,其中牛二段页岩中的氧化还原敏感元素Mo、U富集程度最高。牛蹄塘组页岩无明显的Eu异常,轻稀土元素（LREE）比重稀土元素（HREE）更加富集。硅质页岩沉积于高的古生产力、较低的碎屑输入以及缺氧的底水环境;钙质页岩沉积于较高的古生产力、相对较低的碎屑输入以及贫氧—氧化的底水环境;而黏土质页岩和硅质—黏土质页岩沉积于较低的古生产力、较高的碎屑输入以及氧化的底水环境。此外,Babio、Sibio、U/Th、Corg/Ptot、Al、Ti/Al等古环境指标在垂向上的变化表明牛蹄塘组从沉积的早期到晚期,水深逐渐变浅,水动力条件变强,沉积底水的氧含量逐渐增加,表层水体的古生产力逐渐降低。缺氧的底水条件是控制牛蹄塘组富有机质页岩发育的关键因素。  相似文献   

3.
The paper presents data on the composition of biomarkers from bitumen extracts and the chemical structure of kerogen from Corg-rich sedimentary rocks before and after hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave at 300°C. Samples selected for this study are kukersite and Ordovician Dictyonema shale from the Baltics, Domanik oil shale from the Ukhta region, Upper Permian brown coal from the Pre-Ural foredeep, carbonaceous shale from the Oxfordian horizon of the Russian plate, and Upper Jurassic oil shales from the Sysola oil shale bearing region. The rocks contain type I, II, III, and II-S kerogens. The highest yield of extractable bitumen is achieved for Type II-S kerogen, whereas Type III kerogen produces the lowest amount of bitumen. The stages of organic matter thermal maturation achieved during the experiments correspond to a transition from PC2–3 to MC1–2. The 13C NMR data on kerogen indicate that the aromatic structures of geopolymers underwent significant changes.  相似文献   

4.
The Shengli River-Changshe Mountain oil shale zone, located in the North Qiangtang depression, northern Tibet plateau, represents a potentially large marine oil shale resource in China. Twenty-eight samples including oil shale, micritic limestone and marl were collected from the Shengli River area to determine the contents and distribution patterns of rare earth elements (REEs) in marine oil shale. Oil shale samples from the Shengli River area have high ash yield (61.86–67.48%) and TOC content (8.02–13.67%) with low total sulfur (St,d) content (0.76–1.39%) and intermediate shale oil content (3.60–16.30%). The total rare earth element (ΣREE) content in oil shale samples is notably depleted (46.79–67.90 μg/g), approximately one third of the mean value of the North American Shale Composite (NASC), and lower than that of world-wide black shales and Chinese coals, but higher than that of world-wide coals and micritic limestone samples (29.21 μg/g) from the Shengli River area. The oil shale samples from the Shengli River area exhibit shale-like Chondrite or NASC-normalized REE patterns similar to those of micritic limestone and marl samples from this area, indicating that REEs of these different lithological samples may have been derived from a similar terrigenous source.REE contents of oil shale samples are highly positive correlated with ash yield and show a positive correlation with Fe and a weakly positive correlation with organic sulfur, and the vertical variations of REEs mainly follow those of Si, Al, K and Ti. All these facts indicate that the REE contents in oil shale seams are mainly controlled by clay minerals and, to a lesser extent, by pyrite, as well as partly associated with oil shale organic constituents. Rare earth elements in the Shengli River oil shale have originated from two sources: a felsic volcanic rock source and a clastic or/and limestone source.  相似文献   

5.
<正> 地层地球化学是研究地球物质元素组成在地层中元素富存形式及其演化,即地层中物质元素组成的时空规律(侯德封,1959)。元素在地层中的分布和演变反映了自然条件和沉积环境的变化历史,元素的共生组合揭示岩石的成因和形成条件,所以地层地球化学是地层研究中的一个重要内容。同时,地层地球化学研究对于进一步揭示生物群兴衰、演替绝灭的历史,及其与环境介质变化之间的关系也有着十分重要的意义。 皖南赣北地区早、中奥陶世宁国组和胡乐组含笔石黑色岩系发育较好,地层出露完整,笔石化石丰富,笔石带序列齐全,生物地层研究较为详细(许杰,1934;陈旭等,1964;钱  相似文献   

6.
Oil shales were deposited in the Songliao Basin (NE China) during the Upper Cretaceous period, representing excellent hydrocarbon source rocks. High organic matter (OM) contents, a predominance of type-I kerogen, and a low maturity of OM in the oil shales are indicated by bulk geochemical parameters and biomarker data. A major contribution of aquatic organisms and minor inputs from terrigenous land plants to OM input are indicated by n-alkane distribution patterns, composition of steroids, and organic macerals. Strongly reducing bottom water conditions during the deposition of the oil shale sequences are indicated by low pristane/phytane ratios, high C14-aryl-isoprenoid contents, homohopane distribution patterns, and high V/Ni ratios. Enhanced salinity stratification with mesosaline and alkaline bottom waters during deposition of the oil shales are indicated by high gammacerane index values, low MTTC ratios, high β-carotene contents, low TOC/S ratios, and high Sr/Ba ratios. The stratified water column with anoxic conditions in the bottom water enhanced preservation of OM. Moderate input of detrital minerals during the deposition of the oil shale sequences is reflected by titanium concentrations. In this study, environmental conditions in the paleo-lake leading to OM accumulation in the sediments are related to sequence stratigraphy governed by climate and tectonics. The first Member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the Songliao Basin, containing the oil shale sequence, encompasses a third-order sequence that can be divided into three system tracts (transgressive system tract—TST, highstand system tract—HST, and regressive system tract—RST). Enrichment of OM changed from low values during TST-I to high-moderate values during TST-II/III and HST-I/II. Low OM enrichment occurs during RST-I and RST-II. Therefore, the highest enrichment of OM in the sediments is related to stages of mid-late TST and early HST.  相似文献   

7.
There is an increasing interest in the distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) within soils, primarily as these elements can be used to identify pedogenetic processes and because soils may be future sources for REE extraction, despite much attention should be paid to the protection and preservation of present soils. Here, we evaluate the processes that control the distribution of REEs in subsoil horizons developed over differing lithologies in an area of low anthropogenic contamination, allowing estimates of the importance of source rocks and weathering. Specifically, this study presents new data on the distribution of REEs and other trace elements, including transition and high-field-strength elements, in subsoils developed on both Quaternary silica-undersaturated volcanic rocks and Pliocene siliciclastic sedimentary rocks within the Mt. Vulture area of the southern Apennines in Italy. The subsoils in the Mt. Vulture area formed during moderate weathering (as classified using the chemical index of alteration) and contain an assemblage of secondary minerals that is dominated by trioctahedral illite with minor vermiculite. The REEs, high-field-strength elements, and transition metals have higher abundances in subsoils that developed from volcanic rocks, and pedogenesis caused the Mt. Vulture subsoils to have REE concentrations that are an order of magnitude higher than typical values for the upper continental crust. This result indicates that the distribution of REEs in soils is a valuable tool for mineral exploration. A statistical analysis of inter-elemental relationships indicates that REEs are concentrated in clay-rich fractions that also contain significant amounts of low-solubility elements such as Zr and Th, regardless of the parent rock. This suggests that low-solubility refractory minerals, such as zircon, play a significant role in controlling the distribution of REEs in soils. The values of (La/Yb)N and (Gd/Yb)N fractionation indices are dependent on the intensity of pedogenesis; soils in the study area have values that are higher than typical upper continental crust ratios, suggesting that soils, especially those that formed during interaction with near neutral to acidic organic-rich surface waters, may represent an important source of both light REEs and medium REEs (MREEs). In comparison, MREE/heavy REE fractionation in soils that form during moderate weathering may be affected by variations in parent rock lithologies, primarily as MREE-hosting minerals, such as pyroxenes, may control (La/Sm)N index values. Eu anomalies are thought to be the most effective provenance index for sediments, although the anomalies within the soils studied here are not related to the alteration of primary minerals, including feldspars, to clay phases. In some cases, Eu/Eu* values may have a weak correlation with elements hosted by heavy minerals, such as Zr; this indicates that the influence of mechanical sorting of clastic particles during sedimentary transport on the Eu/Eu* values of siliciclastic sediments needs to be considered carefully.  相似文献   

8.
The lower Cambrian develops a set of organic-rich black shales in Yangtze Platform and is regarded as one of the key layers of shale gas exploration. The microscope pore structure characteristics and methane sorption capacity were investigated using scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption and methane sorption experiments, and then their controlling factors combining with organic matter, mineral compositions were discussed for Niutitang shales in Zunyi area, Mufushan shales in Nanjing area and Huangboling shales in Chizhou area. The results show as below; ( I ) The pores in lower Cambrian shales are mainly dominated by organic pores, interlayer pores in clay minerals and micro-fractures, as well as containing some intergranular pores between brittle mineral grains, honeycomb poies formed by pyrite crystals falling out, and dissolution molds in fossils; ( 2) DKT pore size distributions show the pores is mainly concentrated in the range of less than 4 nm in lower Cambrian shales and kerogens, while a certain amount of pores are above 4 nm are also existed in lower Cambrian shales, which may be contributed by smectite; ( 3)The specific surface area, pore volume and Langmuir methane sorption capacity of the lower Cambrian shales are ranging from 5.58 to 31. 96 inVg, 0.026 to 0.088 mL/g and 1.36 to 5. 3 mL/g, respectively, which are mainly controlled by TOC and smectite contents, but the effect of TOC and smectite on physical properties are quite different for the lower Cambrian shales in different regions; ( 4)The specific surface area of two Niutitang kerogens are 7. 08 and 7. 92 times than that of the shales and methane sorp-Tion capacity of kerogens arc 5.81 and 7.09 times than that of the shales, suggesting that kerogen is a main carrier of methane gas occurrence in.  相似文献   

9.
The Sardar Formation (Carboniferous) has a lithological variation that is characterized by sandstone, shale and limestone members. Shales of the Sardar Formation from the east central Iran have been analyzed for major elements and a number of trace elements. The shales of Sardar Formation are rich in quartz minerals and clay minerals of the bulk minerals. Clay minerals of shales are composed of illite, kaolinite and slightly montmorillonite. SiO2 versus K2O/Na2O diagram shows these shales plotted in the passive continental margin or cratonic field. Geochemical data suggest high acidic source rocks similar to granite and intermediate igneous rocks. CIA and ICV suggest semi-humid climatic conditions during depositions and indicate high chemical weathering in the source area. The geochemical parameters such as V/Cr, Ni/Co and Cu/Zn ratios indicate that these shales were deposited in oxic environment.  相似文献   

10.
The spectra of the kerogen from the Middle Volga oil shales of the Volga-Pechora shale province and from the Ukhta domanik’s carbonaceous deposits have been studied. In the Middle Volga and domanik kerogens, carbon-oxygen bonding types have been revealed as dominant. Significant distinctions between the two kerogen types have been established. The presence of oxygen in carbonyl and phenol groups is typical for the domanik kerogen, and also in ether bonds for the kerogen of the Middle Volga shale rock mass, which are of considerable importance in its structure.  相似文献   

11.
页岩油分类与评价   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文
页岩油是以游离(含凝析态)、吸附及溶解(可溶解于天然气、干酪根和残余水等)态等多种方式赋存于有效生烃泥页岩地层层系中且具有勘探开发意义的非气态烃类。根据泥页岩地层中所含烃类相态、成因机理及勘探开发等特点,将页岩类油气划分为页岩气和页岩油等两类八种。结合页岩油特点,指出了我国页岩油形成条件和分布规律,即规模分布的有效生烃泥页岩、形成于深水-半深水相的富有机质泥页岩、较高的有机质丰度和适当的热演化程度以及较好的基质物性条件等是页岩油形成的主要条件。建立了中国陆相断陷湖盆页岩油发育模式,指出概率体积法可以作为页岩油资源评价的主要方法,提出了页岩油远景区、有利区及目标区优选的参数体系和标准。作为非常规油气能源的主要类型之一,页岩油将会对我国能源结构产生重要影响。  相似文献   

12.
黔中早石炭世九架炉组铝土矿含矿岩系富集Ti、Li、Sc、V、Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th和稀土(REEs)等"三稀金属",具有成为独立矿床或伴生资源的潜力。这些元素大部分与九架炉组共有同一母岩,且富集程度受母岩的成分和风化作用控制。本研究选取九架炉组母岩乌当娄山关群白云岩和纳雍牛蹄塘组泥质白云岩的现代风化剖面为研究对象,研究元素在风化作用过程中的迁移特征及分布规律,进而为九架炉组微量元素的富集机制提供启示。研究获得以下认识:1)依据剖面结构、ZrHf、Nb-Ta、Y-Ho二元图特征及REE配分曲线和Eu/Eu*值的相似性表明研究区土层主要来源于基底或母岩的风化; 2)白云岩风化成土过程中Si、Fe、Cr、As、Sb、Ti、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、REEs等元素化学性质相对稳定,富集程度较高,而Ca、Mg、Na、K、Sr、P、Mo、Cd等元素化学性质活泼,容易淋失亏损; 3)纳雍剖面REEs~(3+)和Ca~(2+)半径差与REEs富集系数相关性良好,表明碳酸盐岩风化过程中,含钙矿物磷灰石是稀土元素分配的重要控制因素; 4)九架炉组的母岩也是Ti、Li、Sc、V、Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th等微量元素的主要物质来源,母岩风化过程中,这些微量元素首先在副矿物、黏土矿物、铝矿物及磷灰石等矿物相中初步富集,之后随风化碎屑物一起沉积形成微量元素超常富集地层; 5)纳雍剖面地表和地下水提供了部分P、Be、Zn、Sb、Pb、Y及REEs来源,指示水体迁入作用也是九架炉组REEs富集的重要原因。研究表明黔中九架炉组微量元素的来源较复杂,风化-沉积过程中,化学性质稳定的元素残留在风化碎屑物中并被搬运-沉积在负地形中,而化学性质活泼的元素首先被带入水体,在沉积-成岩过程中特定条件下发生二次富集作用(例如次生矿物的形成及吸附)形成微量元素富集的地层。  相似文献   

13.
Titanite occurs as an accessory phase in a variety of igneous rocks, and is known to concentrate geologically important elements such as U, Th, rare earth element (REE), Y and Nb. The differences in the abundances of the REEs contained in titanite from granitoid rocks could reflect its response to changes in petrogenetic variables such as temperature of crystallization, pressure, composition, etc. Widespread migmatization in the granodiorite gneisses occurring to the east of Kolar and Ramagiri schist belts of the eastern Dharwar craton resulted in the enrichment of the REEs in titanite relative to their respective host rocks. A compositional influence on the partitioning of REEs between titanite and the host rock/magma is also noticed. The relative enrichment of REEs in titanite from quartz monzodiorite is lower than that found in the granodioritic gneiss. Depletion of REE and HFSE (high field-strength elements) abundances in granitic magmas that have equilibrated with titanite during fractional crystallization or partial melting has been modelled. As little as 1% of titanite present in residual phases during partial melting or in residual melts during fractional crystallization can significantly lower the abundances of trace elements such as Nb, Y, Zr and REE which implies the significance of this accessory mineral as a controlling factor in trace element distribution in granitoid rocks. Sm–Nd isotope studies on titanite, hornblende and whole rock yield isochron ages comparable to the precise U–Pb titanite ages, invoking the usefulness of Sm–Nd isochron ages involving minerals like titanite.  相似文献   

14.
Major, trace and rare earth elements of phosphatic rocks around Sonrai block of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic age having phosphatic breccia, quartzite, shale, sandstone, limestone and ironstone, have been determined to evaluate their correlation, relationship with the phosphorus content, the nature of possible substitution of various elements and regional distribution pattern over the area. The study indicates that the number of elements is substituted in the apatite structures; few of them are associated with phosphate and carbonate minerals. The variable concentration of major, trace and rare earth elements in the phosphatic rocks has been influenced by various physico-chemical processes involved during weathering and leaching of the source rocks. The distribution of the major, trace and rare earth elements is controlled by the environmental variations in the sediment water interface. The majority of trace elements were mainly influenced by the principle adsorbents like the phosphate minerals in addition to clay, iron oxides and silicate minerals. The PAAS normalized REE patterns of Sonrai block of phosphorites are characterized by negative Ce anomalies and Positive Eu anomalies. It is inferred from the distribution and interrelationship of major, trace and rare earth elements that the deposition of phosphate minerals might have occurred in highly oxidizing to slightly reducing conditions in supratidal to intertidal continental margins and shallow marine environment. The deposition was controlled by marine upwelling leading to excess charge of phosphate in certain zones of phosphogenic basins, lithologic facies variations in restricted circulations of basinal waters and electrochemical factors such as negative Eh, pH and other factors, which influenced the deposition of phosphates. The replacement, precipitation in voids and fissures and diagenesis were also important mechanisms of phosphate generation in Sonrai basin. The main source for various elements may be the minerals of cratonic mass of Bundelkhand Granitic Complex, a basement of Bijawar Basin, which also provided land derived phosphorus through weathering of the terrestrial cover.  相似文献   

15.
白云鄂博群黑色岩系微量元素地球化学特征及地质意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
白云鄂博群位于华北地台北缘,是一套中—新元古代裂谷沉积的产物。尖山组和比鲁特组是其中主要的黑色岩系。对以上两组中的碳质页岩和板岩的Au、Ag、As、Ba、Co、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、P、Pb、V、Zn、U、B、Sb等微量元素和稀土元素进行了较为详细的研究。通过元素含量特征、w(V)/w(V+Ni)、w(Zn)-w(Co)-w(Ni)三元图、稀土配分曲线、w(Ce)/w(La)、Ce和Eu异常、w(La)/w(Yb)-w(Ce)/w(La)和w(La)/w(Yb)-w(ΣREE)图解等方法对其沉积环境特征进行了探讨。微量元素含量分析显示白云鄂博群黑色岩系以富亲铜元素和亲石元素、贫亲铁元素为特征,其中富集Hg、B、As、Mn、Sb、Au、Ag、Pb、P、Ba、U、Mo等多种元素;较高的w(B)反映了黑色岩系沉积于盐度较高的水体中;高的w(V)/w(V+Ni)、w(Ce)/w(La)反映了黑色岩系形成于缺氧的沉积环境中;黑色岩系中Hg、Sb、Ba的富集和w(Zn)-w(Co)-w(Ni)图解中投点大部分靠近热水沉积区域指示了黑色岩系中有热水沉积物的参与;稀土元素配分模式、Ce和Eu异常及w(La)/w(Yb)-w(ΣREE)和w(La)/w(Yb)-w(Ce)/w(La)图解投点在两岩组中的不同特点表明尖山组沉积物以陆源沉积为主,有少量热水沉积物参与;而比鲁特组中热水沉积组分所占比例较大,形成时海水较深。  相似文献   

16.
Total organic carbon content (TOC), trace element and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations were determined in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Nayong area, Guizhou Province, South China, in order to study the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization. The results demonstrate that numerous elements are enriched in the polymetallic ores compared to those of the nearby black shale, particularly Ni, Mo, Zn, TOC and total PGE, which can reach up to 7.03 wt.%, 8.49 wt.%, 11.7 wt.%, 11.5 wt.% and 943 ppb, respectively. The elemental enrichment distribution patterns are similar to those in the Zunyi and Zhangjiajie areas except that the Nayong location is exceptionally enriched in Zn. Whereas positive correlations are observed between the ore elements of the polymetallic ores, no such correlations are observed in the black shale. These positively correlated metallic elements are classified into three groups: Co–Ni–Cu–PGE, Zn–Cd–Pb and Mo–Tl–TOC. The geological and geochemical features of these elements suggest that Proterozoic and Early Palaeozoic mafic and ultramafic rocks, dolomites and/or Pb–Zn deposits of the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation and seawater could be the principal sources for Co–Ni–Cu–PGE, Zn–Cd–Pb, and Mo–Tl–TOC, respectively. Furthermore, the chondrite-normalized patterns of PGEs with Pd/Pt, Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir indicate that PGE enrichment of the polymetallic ores is most likely related to hydrothermal processes associated with the mafic rocks. In contrast, PGE enrichment in the black shale resembles that of the marine oil shale with terrigenous and seawater contributions. Our investigations of TOC, trace elements and PGE geochemistry suggest that multiple sources along with submarine hydrothermal and biological contributions might be responsible for the formation of the polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization in the black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation across southern China.  相似文献   

17.
The isotopic composition of carbon from the organic matter of late Jurassic oil shales from the Volgian-Pechora shale province is studied. The existence of a dependence between Corg content in the rock and the isotopic composition of kerogen carbon is ascertained. The content of the heavy carbon isotope increases with increasing Corg. This dependence is accounted for by the progressive accumulation of isotopically heavy hydrocarbons of the initial organic matter due to sulfurization. The data on the isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes of bitumen in the rocks and the data on the absence of isotopic fractionation between thermobitumen and the residual kerogen from oil shales from the Volgian-Pechora shale province obtained by treating shale in an autoclave in the presence of water are presented first in this paper.  相似文献   

18.
对大厂锡矿床容矿岩石稀土元素地球化学研究表明，本矿区主要容矿岩石——硅质岩、富长石岩及电气石岩稀土元素总量低，具弱的Ce亏损，明显的Eu负异常。这些特点与某些 有代表性矿床中的热液喷气沉积岩一条带状燧石岩及电气石岩十分相似，证明了它们属于喷气沉积成因。相反，与主要容矿岩石互成条带的部分绢云母岩，含绢云母的长石岩等则稀土总量高，轻重稀土分馏明显，与北美页岩相似，具有陆源沉积或混合成因的特征。运用聚类分析的方法，这些岩石的微量元素地球化学分类与上述结果完全一致，为其成因进一步提供了佐证。  相似文献   

19.
朱扬明  李颖  郝芳  邹华耀  郭旭升 《沉积学报》2017,35(6):1254-1264
采用质谱和色谱-同位素质谱技术,测定了500余个干酪根及饱和烃、芳烃组份、正构烷烃的δ13C值,以此揭示了四川盆地海、陆相烃源岩有机碳同位素组成随地质时代的变化特点及其在高成熟阶段的演化特征,并结合其他相关分析资料,应用碳同位素剖析了不同类型海、陆相烃源岩的有机质生源及沉积环境。研究结果表明,该盆地从震旦系灯影组到中三叠统雷口坡组的海相地层中,干酪根的碳同位素组成随层位变新呈逐渐变重的趋势,可能的原因之一是浮游植物的进化作用;而上三叠统须家河组至中侏罗统千佛崖组的陆相有机质碳同位素组成则有反向的年代变化,主要与生源构成和沉积环境性质有关。这些海、陆相烃源岩的有机源难以用干酪根δ13C值进行区分,而可用饱和烃与芳烃组份的δ13C及其CV值来区别。海洋和湖泊不同沉积相带烃源岩的干酪根具有明显不同的δ13C值,结合其他相关资料可识别其有机质来源。煤系地层中煤与泥岩在干酪根碳同位素组成上没有可区分性,而两者有不同的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线。从成熟晚期到高-过成熟阶段,海、陆相干酪根的碳同位素均变重1~2‰,煤系泥岩的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线由负向线型分布向平直型演变。这些碳同位素的变化特征为油气源对比和烃源识别提供了依据。  相似文献   

20.
通过密封金管-高压釜体系对珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷北坡恩平组炭质泥岩的干酪根(PY),在24.1 MPa压力、20℃/hr(373.5~526℃)和2℃/h(343~489.2℃)两个升温速率条件下进行热模拟生烃实验,分析气态烃(C1 5)和液态烃(C6 14和C14+)的产率,以及沥青质和残余有机质碳同位素组成。同时与Green River页岩(GR)和Woodford泥岩(WF)的干酪根,分别代表典型的I型和II型干酪根进行对比研究。结果显示PY热演化产物中总油气量明显低于GR和WF干酪根,且气态烃(C1 5)最高产率是液态烃的1.5倍,揭示恩平组炭质泥岩主要以形成气态烃为主。在热演化过程中,有机质成熟度和母质类型是控制油气比的主要因素,气态烃和轻烃的产率比值主要受热演化成熟度的影响。干酪根残余有机质碳同位素和沥青质碳同位素在热演化过程中受有机质成熟度的影响较小,δ13C残余和δ13C沥青质可以间接反映原始母质的特征,为高演化烃源岩油气生成提供依据。  相似文献   

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