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1.
近海水汽初值和对流影响一次华南前汛期沿海强降水对流系统发展过程的机理研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本研究在对华南季风降水试验（SCMREX）观测资料分析的基础上,采用数值模拟试验探讨南海北部区域湿度场初值误差和海上对流对2014年5月8日华南沿海地区的一次强降雨过程的中尺度对流系统（MCS）的发展和移动的影响。加密探空和风廓线观测分析表明在珠江口地区有西南风和偏东风急流形成的辐合区,为对流在该地区增强发展提供了条件。增加和减少近海湿度以及关闭积云和微物理过程潜热释放,所造成的温度场以及风场的变化对广东沿海地区的对流的强度和移动路径都有明显的影响。特别是增加海上关键区的湿度,由于海上对流的发展改变了整个区域的环流,抑制了陆地上对流的发展。关闭海上关键区对流过程潜热的释放,导致低空急流到达更加偏北的位置,对流系统在模拟的后期向东北移动。通过这些试验表明,海上的湿度等要素场和对流活动对沿海地区的降雨预报有着十分重要的影响,需要进一步加强海上观测及其资料同化方法。 相似文献
2.
利用地面观测资料、探空资料、NCEP再分析资料、多普勒雷达资料及WRF输出资料,研究了2014年6月20—21日发生在江南地区的一次持续性暴雨过程中中尺度对流系统(mesoscale convective system,MCS)的演变过程、结构特征及模态转变机理。此次暴雨发生在500 h Pa东移发展的短波槽前、850 h Pa切变线与低空暖湿急流之间的不稳定区。MCS演变过程中组织模态发生转变,对流东移发展形成拖尾型(tailing stratiform,TS) MCS,后逐渐转变为平行型(parallel stratiform,PS) MCS。环境风场上,TS型MCS表现为垂直对流线的相对入流,弓状回波北侧有气旋生成; PS型MCS低层表现为垂直对流线的相对入流,中高层表现为平行向相对入流。TS型MCS中,强对流区位于正扰动气压带,形成垂直作用于对流线的气压梯度力,导致相对入流垂直对流线;而在平行对流线方向上,扰动气压变化小,平行相对气流弱,整体呈现为较强的垂直向相对气流; PS型MCS中,气压扰动整体表现为西南正气压扰动与东北负气压扰动的分布特征,在西南-东北向气压梯度力作用下,形成平行对流线向后的相对入流,导致MCS模态的转变。 相似文献
3.
EFFECTS OF CONDENSATION HEATING AND SURFACE FLUXES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SOUTH CHINA MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM (MCS) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
A sensitive numerical simulation study is carried out to investigate the effects of condensation
heating and surface fluxes on the development of a South China MCS that occurred during 23 – 24 May 1998.
The results reveal the following: (1) Condensation heating plays an important role in the development of MCS. In
every different stage, without condensation heating, MCS precipitation is significantly reduced, and quickly
dissipates. (2) Condensation heating demonstrates most importantly during the early development stages of MCS
vortex; as the vortex develops stronger, the condensation heating effects reduces. (3) By affecting the MCS
development processes, condensation heating also influences the formation of MCS mesoscale environment
structure features such as low-level jet (mLLJ), upper-level divergence. (4) By changing the antecedent
environmental circulation, the surface fluxes also play an important role in the development of MCS. Because of
the surface heating, pressure declines over the heavy rainfall and MCS happening regions, which results in the
intensification of southerly flows from the ocean along the South China coastline areas, and leads to the
enhancement of horizontal convergence and increase of vapor amount in the lower layer. All of these make the
atmosphere more unstable and more favorable for the convection. 相似文献
4.
利用NCEP FNL分析资料及南京多普勒雷达观测,借助WRF模式,对2017年8月19日发生在长江中下游地区的一次中尺度对流系统(MCS)进行模拟和诊断分析。此次MCS组织模态PS(Parallel Stratiform)型和TS(Trailing Stratiform)型共存,开始为带状结构,最后演变为强弓状飑线。气旋切变和低空急流是此次过程的重要影响系统,而午后强烈发展的地面锋触发了此次强对流。在垂直风切变和冷池共同作用下,西侧初始对流发展为PS型模态,东侧发展为TS型模态。由于PS型模态的中低层垂直风切变发生转向,导致其消散。TS型模态附近冷池和垂直风切变相配合,且在后向入流(Rear Inflow Jets,RIJ)作用下发展成为强弓状飑线;RIJ受中低层涡旋对影响而发展增强,其中气旋式涡旋主要由涡度方程中拉伸项决定,而反气旋式涡旋则主要由倾侧项决定。 相似文献
5.
The Evolution of a Meso-β-Scale Convective Vortex in the Dabie Mountain Area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that caused strong precipitation in the northern area of Dabie Mountain during 21-22 June 2008 is analyzed, along with the evolution of the associated meso-β-scale convective vortex (MCV). The mesoscale reanalysis data generated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) at a 3-km horizontal resolution and a 1-h time resolution during the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX) were utilized. The results show that two processes played key roles in the enhancement of convective instability. First, the mesoscale low-level jet strengthened and shifted eastward, leading to the convergence of warm-wet airflow and increasing convective instability at middle and low levels. Second, the warm-wet airflow interacted with the cold airflow from the north, causing increased vertical vorticity in the vicinity of steeply sloping moist isentropic surfaces. The combined action of these two processes caused the MCS to shift progressively eastward. Condensation associated with the MCS released latent heat and formed a layer of large diabatic heating in the middle troposphere, increasing the potential vorticity below this layer. This increase in potential vorticity created favorable conditions for the development of a low-level vortex circulation. The vertical motion associated with this low-level vortex further promoted the development of convection, creating a positive feedback between the deep convection and the low-level vortex circulation. This feedback mechanism not only promoted the maturation of the MCS, but also played the primary role in the evolution of the MCV. The MCV formed and developed due to the enhancement of the positive feedback that accompanied the coming together of the center of the vortex and the center of the convection. The positive feedback peaked and the MCV matured when these two centers converged. The positive feedback weakened and the MCV began to decay as the two centers separated and diverged. 相似文献
6.
一个长生命期准静止中尺度对流系统的观测特征及其持续的环境条件 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2010年5月31日至6月1日华南特大暴雨过程经历了三次集中降水期,共有4次MCS（Mesoscale Convective Systems）演变过程,其中一个TL/AS MCS（Training Line/Adjoining Stratiform Mesoscale Convective System,邻接层状单向发展的中尺度对流系统）在广西壮族自治区中部准静止地维持了10多个小时,导致了多个观测站出现极端强降水。用观测资料和数值模拟结果重点探讨了该TL/AS MCS的观测特征及其发展持续的环境条件。结果表明,准静止TL/AS MCS发展在一个高空强辐散、低空气旋性汇合环流的天气尺度环境中,TL/AS MCS维持期间热力环境特征表现为对流层中低层持续高湿近饱和态、偏中性层结、合适的对流有效位能和极小的对流抑制能量。在对流层中低层,低空急流的加强发展维持与对流层中层相对弱的环境风形成了风垂直切变随高度呈现强逆转,近地层风垂直切变垂直于对流线的分量大,而在中层风垂直切变平行于对流线的分量占绝对优势,风切变特征可能是TL/AS MCS 准静止的原因;低空急流和中层环流的相互作用、对流层动力和热力条件有利于强上升运动的长时间维持与发展,不断触发新对流从而组织成一个长生命期准静止的TL/AS MCS 相似文献
7.
利用自动气象站、多普勒雷达、FY4A、ECMWF模式、NCEP再分析资料,对2020年7月17—19日特大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：特大暴雨出现在安徽大别山附近和庐江两地,是中尺度气旋扰动环境下准静止的中尺度对流系统(MCS)以及MCS中准静止的涡旋状单体所产生。特大暴雨在高能量、强不稳定背景下,由中部和东部的中尺度气旋传播所致。中尺度气旋传播过程中单体不断新生、合并增强且移动缓慢,配合急流、辐合、干侵入、垂直环流等因素对组织化的MCS发展演变起到相当作用。低层切变线南侧到华南的西南急流,将水汽输送到安徽并在此有强烈辐合;高空、低空和超低空都存在急流,高低空急流耦合加剧MCS的强烈发展;地面辐合线是前期MCS的触发机制,伴随干冷空气的入侵,加大了大气的斜压性和MCS的对流不稳定;梅雨锋南北两侧都有垂直环流圈,即对流与高空急流之间通过对流加热在高空急流入口处产生热成风调整,维持梅雨锋的发展演变,强的上升下沉运动促进MCS的加强和降水的连续发生;大别山地形抬升和上游狭管效应是两地特大暴雨诱因。 相似文献
8.
飑线组织化过程对环境垂直风切变和水汽的响应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用ARPS模式对飑线发生发展过程进行二维理想数值试验,讨论了低层环境垂直风切变和水汽条件变化时,飑线内部物理因子配置变化及其与系统强度演变的联系。研究表明,飑线发展过程中出现的动量、热量和水汽的再分配过程,造成系统内垂直环流结构和扰动温湿场分布发生变化,从而影响系统内部深对流的组织化过程和飑线强度的发展。基于低层环境垂直风切变和水汽两个要素的敏感性试验研究表明,低层环境垂直风切变增大（减小）时,飑线移速减慢（加快）,冷池前沿激发的新对流与中高层的垂直运动相互贯通（分离）,飑线系统强度随之增强（减弱）。此外,当低层水汽增加（减少）时,会导致输送到中层的水汽增加（减少）,中层凝结潜热释放增多（减少）,该层垂直运动增强（减弱）;同时,飑线系统区域环境释放的对流有效位能（CAPE）增大（减小）,新生对流的强度增强（减弱）。低层水汽条件通过水汽输送和能量释放,改变冷池前沿新对流与中高层垂直环流的组织化结构,从而影响飑线强度。 相似文献
9.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中科院大气物理研究所PIAP3大气环流模式,分析了印度洋偶极子对夏季中国南海西南季风水汽输送的影响。结果表明,印度洋偶极子正位相期间夏季中国南海西南水汽输送较强,负位相期间则较弱。原因可归结为以下:正位相期间,MJO（Madden-Julian Oscillation）多活动于热带西印度洋,其向东传播受到阻碍,但经向传播明显,通常可传播至孟加拉湾地区,同时PIAP3显示印度洋季风槽位置偏北,且印尼以西过赤道气流较强,从而使得这一地区气旋性环流得到建立与加强。孟加拉湾地区对应着较强的对流活动以及深厚积云对流加热,从而通过对流加热的二级热力响应使西太平洋副热带高压位置向北推进,进而使得南海地区西南季风水汽输送得到建立与加强。在此期间孟加拉湾、中南半岛至南海地区对流活动较强,而苏门答腊沿岸对流活动受到抑制,由此增强了Reverse-Hadley环流,使低层经向风较强,进而增强了南海西南季风的水汽输送,PIAP3大气环流模式证实了Reverse-Hadley环流的增强。负位相期间,MJO多活动于热带东印度洋,在东传过程中受到Walker环流配置影响,在140°E赤道附近形成东西向非对称积云对流加热热源,其东侧Kelvin波响应加强了东风异常并配合副热带高压南缘东风压制了中国南海的西南季风水汽输送。在此期间,MJO在南海地区的经向传播较强,但经向传播常止步于南海地区15°N附近,虽携带大量水汽,但深厚积云对流强烈地消耗水汽使大气中水汽含量降低,PIAP3大气环流模式证实负位相期间深厚积云对流对水汽消耗加大,从而使得负位相期间南海地区水汽含量与正位相期间大体相近,但由于经向风不足使水汽向北输送较弱。 相似文献
10.
利用WRF中尺度数值模式,NCEP/NCAR分析资料,多普勒雷达观测资料等,对2016年7月25日一次东北冷涡下的飑线过程进行数值模拟,研究了飑线形成和维持与水平涡度的关系及飑线过程中中尺度对流涡旋(MCV)的形成机制,分析发现,高低层水平涡度逆时针旋转对本次飑线的形成和维持有很好的指示意义。(1)飑线发生前,高层渤海湾西侧出现水平涡度的逆时针旋转中心,并有较强的辐散配合,低层水平涡度为逆时针弯曲,为飑线产生提供了有利的上升运动条件。随后高层多个对流单体的水平涡度气旋式涡旋合并形成较大范围的气旋式涡旋结构,触发低层的上升运动,同时低层对流区前部形成一致的气旋式弯曲使得对流单体组织成带状结构,形成飑线。(2)飑线成熟时期高层水平涡度表现为统一大范围气旋式涡旋结构,低层则呈现典型的S型弯曲结构,水平涡度x方向的分量沿对流带从南至北表现为正负正,y方向的分量始终为正,并由对流带的中心向两侧减小,显示出水平涡度矢量旋转的方向对飑线影响的重要性。(3)由垂直涡度方程的分析得出,在飑线发展中期,MCV形成前,雷达反射率回波在500 hPa左右表现出明显的旋转,此时主要与500 hPa以上强的正涡度水平平流项及中层倾侧项和水平散度项有关,之后,在这几项的作用下使得中层风场产生气旋式旋转,形成MCV。 相似文献
11.
Based on the previous statistical analysis of mesoscale convective systems(MCSs)over the second-step terrain along Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley,eight representative long-lived eastward-propagating MCSs are selected for model-based sensitivity testing to investigate the initiation and evolution of these types of MCSs as well as their impact on downstream areas.We subject each MCS to a semi-idealized(CNTL)simulation and a sensitivity(NOLH)simulation that neglects condensational heating in the formation region.The CNTL experiment reveals convection forms in the region downstream of a shortwave trough typified by persistent southwesterly winds in the low-to midtroposphere.Upon merging with other convective systems,moist convection develops into an MCS,which propagates eastward under the influence of mid-tropospheric westerlies,and moves out of the second-step terrain.The MCS then merges with pre-existing local convection over the plains;the merged convection reinforces the cyclonic wind perturbation into a mesoscale vortex at 850 hPa.While this vortex moves eastward to regions with local vortex at 850 hPa,another vortex at 925 hPa is also intensified.Finally,the vortices at 850 and 925 hPa merge together and develop into a mesoscale convective vortex(MCV).In contrast,MCSs fail to form and move eastward in the NOLH experiment.In the absence of eastward-propagating MCSs,moist convection and mesoscale vortices still appear in the plains,but the vortex strength and precipitation intensity are significantly weakened.It is suggested the eastward-propagating MCSs over the second-step terrain significantly impact the development and enhancement of moist convection and vortices in the downstream areas. 相似文献
12.
在高空槽和低层切变线配合的相似环流背景下,2019 年 4 月 11 日深圳出现短时暴雨（ 简称“2019 年过程”）,2020 年 4 月 11 日以稳定性弱降水为主（ 简称“2020 年过程”）,利用 ERAS 再分析数据等对深圳这两次前汛期降水过程进行了对比分析。 结果表明,2019 年过程,温湿层结等对流条件和高空辐散条件较好,低空辐合动力条件相对较弱,在边界层辐合线触发下产生明显的中尺度对流系统（mesoscale convective system, MCS) 活动, 导致深圳出现短时强降水和雷暴大风。2020 年过程,低层辐合等动力条件较好,但对流条件相对较弱,降水以稳定性降水为主。 对比分析说明,温度和湿度层结条件较动力条件对华南前汛期 MCS 生成作用更为明显,强对流发生前 12 h深圳等珠三角地区 Q矢量辐合明显,对 MCS 活动以及强对流发生有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
13.
春夏季青藏高原积雪对中国夏末秋初
降水的影响及其可能机制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文首先利用最大协方差分析方法,探讨青藏高原积雪与中国降水之间的联系,发现中国夏末秋初（8～10月,简称ASO）降水与前期及同期高原积雪有着显著联系,当春夏季青藏高原西部多雪时,其后ASO中国长江及其以南地区多雨,而东部沿海的狭长区域少雨。进一步引入最大响应估计等方法,研究中国区域降水对高原积雪异常的响应及其可能的物理机制,结果表明,冬春季高原多雪异常可持续到夏季,并通过改变地表热力状况,导致ASO南亚高压减弱,同时在高、低空激发出两支波列:高层200 hPa波列沿中高纬西风急流传播,自高原经蒙古到达日本呈现明显的“负—正—负”位势高度异常传播,日本上空为气旋性异常环流;低层850 hPa波列起于高原,经孟加拉湾至中国南海,沿着西南气流传播,导致台湾附近的反气旋性异常环流,其西侧的偏南气流,将南海丰富的水汽输送至中国南部湖南、广西;而高层中心位于日本的气旋性异常环流西侧的偏北气流利于北方天气尺度扰动向南移动,它们为长江中下游及其以南地区多雨提供了有利条件。进一步计算定常波波数也表明,高层西风急流与低层西南季风气流作为波导,有利于高原上空的扰动沿着高、低空2支通道向东传播。由于东部沿海浙江、福建为正位势高度异常区,低层反气旋性异常环流则抑制了该区域的降水。 相似文献
14.
J. M. Egentowich M. L. Kaplan Y.-L. Lin A. J. Riordan 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2000,74(1-4):159-187
Summary Using observational analysis and mesoscale numerical simulations we investigate the subtropical jet (STJ) and its effects
on the lower environment (associated mass and momentum adjustments, development of a low-level jet (LLJ), and low-level PV)
48 to 6 hours before the Raleight tornado outbreak (1988). We also compare the environment to a synoptically similar event
in which severe weather forecasted but did not develop over central North Carolina. In the severe weather case a self-maintaining.
low-level circulation originated over Mexico, propagated across the Gulf Coast and moved over the Piedmont at the time of
the tornado. It is characterized by a surface trough, low-level PV maximum, mid-level jet, a warm Mexican airmass and STJ
exit region that was co-located and moved across the Gulf Coast States as a coupled system. Initially, a STJ exit region (with
thermally indirect ageostrophic circulation) approached the Gulf Coast creating upper-level divergence and ascent, which helped
to maintain a low-level trough. A warm Mexican airmass was located over the Gulf Coast (southeast of the surface trough) creating
a northwestward-directed PGF, which created a mid-level jet. The right entrance region of the mid-level jet and its associated
thermally direct circulation (ascent) was over the low-level trough. These features created an environment favorable to deep
convection and the release of latent heat that generated low-level PV. In the non-event case, these features (low-level warm
Mexican airmass, mid-level jet, deep convection, low-level PV and low-level trough) were absent over the Gulf Coast States.
Received December 23, 1999 Revised January 16, 2000 相似文献
15.
对海南岛秋季非热带气旋暴雨特性的分析发现： 暴雨的发生、维持和消失主要与大陆冷高、南海低值系统、热带云团活动密切相关,暴雨一般与华南沿海的低空偏东风急流相伴。Ｔ１０６ 流场预报为低空急流的生消预报提供了一个客观依据, 文章还对Ｔ１０６ 多个物理量场作了误差分析 相似文献
16.
北京“7.21”暴雨雨团的发生和传播机理 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
基于京津冀5部新一代天气雷达、区域5min自动站和中尺度数值模式模拟资料,通过雷达资料快速更新循环四维变分同化技术和三维数值云模式对低层三维动力和热动力特征的模拟分析,为北京"7.21"特大暴雨中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System,MCS)的结构特征和传播机理的分析提供了佐证。结果表明:(1)低层动力场和地形强迫对MCS的触发、增强和维持起到关键作用。在MCS形成阶段,地形强迫有利于低空偏南气流带来的暖湿空气在山前的辐合上升。随着MCS的加强,强降水区域呈现与地形走向接近的"西南—东北"向带状分布,单体移动具有明显的"列车效应",而MCS整体则向东偏南缓慢传播。在MCS传播前沿(山前)形成强的出流风场,低层2 km以下均为深厚的辐合上升区且进一步加强,表明地形强迫和低层风辐合对偏南暖湿空气抬升起到重要作用,有利于MCS长时间"列车效应"的维持和MCS的发展。MCS出流风场与平原地区近地面偏南风交汇,使得在距MCS传播前沿约50 km的、已经存在的一个接近"西西南—东东北"走向的出流边界明显增强。在MCS传播前沿存在较为明显的0-3 km风垂直切变,由MCS出流与低层偏南风形成的风向切变以及地形强迫造成的风速切变构成,切变区域与地形走向及MCS伸展方向密切相关,切变强度达到中纬度低层强切变阈值范围。低层风垂直切变与MCS存在明显的正反馈效应,亦有利于MCS的长时间发展和维持。(2)低层热动力场为MCS的发展、传播提供了重要条件。在MCS传播前方的环境低层是明显的暖湿区,而在传播后方的低层则是由于地面冷锋及MCS降水造成的冷区,冷暖空气交汇对MCS的高度组织化和强降水的持续起到重要作用。低层的热力层结不稳定区域主要分布在MCS的南部到西南部地区,为MCS尾部风暴单体的不断新生和移动传播创造了良好的热力条件。最后,通过观测和模拟结果综合分析,初步得出了与此次强降水MCS发展演变密切相关的低层热、动力配置的概念模型,为MCS"列车效应"和后向传播特征的机制分析提供了依据。 相似文献
17.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORIZONTAL VORTICITY INDUCED BY
VERTICAL SHEAR AND VERTICAL MOTION DURING A SQUALL LINE
PROCESS 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The horizontal vorticity equation used in this study
was obtained using the equations of motion in the pressure
coordinate system without considering friction, to reveal its
relationship with vertical shear. By diagnostically analyzing
each term in the horizontal vorticity equation during a squall
line process that occurred on 19 June 2010, we found that the
non-thermal wind term had a negative contribution to the local
change of upward movement in the low-level atmosphere, and that
its impact changed gradually from negative to positive with
altitude, which could influence upward movement in the mid- and
upper-level atmosphere greatly. The contribution of upward
vertical transport to vertical movement was the largest in the
low-level atmosphere, but had negative contribution to the
upper-level atmosphere. These features were most evident in the
development stage of the squall line. Based on analysis of
convection cells along a squall line, we found that in the
process of cell development diabatic heating caused the
subsidence of constant potential temperature surface and non-
geostrophic motion, which then triggered strong convergence of
horizontal acceleration in the mid-level atmosphere and
divergence of horizontal acceleration in the upper-level
atmosphere. These changes of horizontal wind field could cause a
counterclockwise increment of the horizontal vorticity around
the warm cell, which then generated an increase of upward
movement. This was the main reason why the non-thermal wind term
had the largest contribution to the strengthening of upward
movement in the mid- and upper-level atmosphere. The vertical
transport of large value of horizontal vorticity was the key to
trigger convection in this squall line process. 相似文献
18.
2003年7月4~5日在江淮地区沿梅雨锋有一系列中尺度对流系统相继生成和强烈发展,导致了江淮地区特大暴雨的形成。该研究利用中尺度数值模式MM5对这次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,在模拟结果的基础上重点分析了不同尺度天气系统相互作用对这次特大暴雨过程的影响作用。在这次特大暴雨过程中,位于梅雨锋北侧的东北—西南走向深厚、稳定的短波槽系统与槽前从西南移来的低涡系统相配合,加强了位于梅雨锋北侧的反气旋性扰动发展,从而导致梅雨锋北侧反气旋性涡旋的形成。该类反气旋性涡旋形成对江淮切变线的加强与维持起重要作用。中尺度对流系统的潜热释放首先导致梅雨锋低层切变线上的中尺度对流性涡旋(MCV)的形成,而中尺度对流性涡旋的形成进一步加强了切变线上的低层辐合,中尺度对流性涡旋消亡后,在切变线上形成低涡。梅雨锋附近主要存在4种不同垂直环流,它在降水的不同阶段具有不同的结构、配置与动力学作用。其中跨锋面、高层非地转两支垂直环流对锋区的对流扰动发展和暴雨形成最为重要,而降水发展可以调整锋区垂直环流的结构、配置,随降水的减弱,梅雨锋区的不同垂直环流系统又重新恢复到先前结构。梅雨锋上不同尺度、高度的天气系统之间的相互作用主要通过这些垂直环流系统调整实现。 相似文献
19.
In this study, we first show that tropical cyclone (TC) Usagi evolved from a mid-level vortex over the South China Sea (SCS) in August 2001. The initial disturbance of TC Usagi had a maximum potential vorticity (PV) near 500 hPa, and an anticyclonic circulation with a cold core near the surface. The cyclonic circulation and its warm core of the mid-level vortex developed gradually downward toward the surface when environmental easterly and dry air intruded from the upper troposphere; finally, the mid-level vortex evolved into TC Usagi under favorable environment conditions such as weak vertical wind shear, deep moist layer, etc. To investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic processes during TC Usagi genesis, the technique of piecewise PV inversion is employed. The results show that the actions of upper-layer PV and potential temperature anomalies were not important in TC Usagi genesis. Surface-layer thermal anomalies mainly produced negative disturbances of temperature at the vortex center below 800 hPa, which was unfavorable to the genesis of a cyclonic circulation near the surface. Middle-to-lower-layer latent heat played a key role in TC Usagi genesis and downward development of dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The actions of dry air intrusion from the upper troposphere, environmental westerly changing into easterly in the middle and lower troposphere, and baroclinic structure of the vortex were also important. The cyclonic circulation of the mid-level vortex could develop downward quickly from the middle troposphere toward the surface. However, whether the warm core of the vortex developed near the surface depended on the combined actions of surface-layer thermal anomaly and middle-to-lower-layer latent heat. Finally, we present a conceptual model of TC Usagi genesis induced by a mid-level vortex over the SCS. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所年代际气候预测系统IAP DecPreS的海洋同化试验（简称EnOI-IAU试验）在西北太平洋地区的海表面温度（SST）年循环的模拟技巧,并通过对比IAP DecPreS系统自由耦合历史气候模拟试验结果,在包含海气耦合过程的框架下讨论了耦合模式中西北太平洋夏季SST模拟差异,及其对亚洲季风区夏季季风降水模拟的影响。结果表明,EnOI-IAU试验较好地模拟出了西北太平洋各个季节的SST空间分布,并显著减小了原存在于历史气候模拟试验中持续全年的SST冷偏差。混合层热收支诊断分析表明,包含同化过程在内的海洋过程的模拟差异对西北太平洋海温的模拟提升有重要贡献。夏季,EnOI-IAU试验模拟的印度季风伴随的低层西风较观测偏东、偏强,且高估了赤道西太平洋区域的降水量值、低估了印度洋区域的降水量值。水汽收支分析显示,气旋式环流异常造成的水汽辐合异常是造成亚洲季风区降水模拟差异的主要原因。研究表明,较之历史模拟试验,EnOI-IAU试验中夏季西北太平洋地区SST增暖造成局地对流增强,进而使得局地产生异常上升运动,水汽辐合增强,造成西北太平洋地区降水模拟偏多,激发出低层西风异常及赤道外气旋式环流异常。该低层西风异常导致了北印度洋地区低层辐散异常,减小了原存在于历史试验中印度洋地区的正降水偏差。西北太平洋气旋式环流异常一方面增强了印度夏季风伴随的低层西风,使得更多的水汽从阿拉伯海输送到西太平洋暖池区域,增强了该区域的降水量;另一方面,该气旋式环流异常减小了历史模拟试验中中国南部区域偏强的低层风速,进而提升了模式对东亚低层西南风的模拟能力。 相似文献