共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
岩土材料不同应力路径下脆性变化的二元介质模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验研究表明,岩土材料在加卸荷时表现出不同的变形破坏特性,卸荷时脆性增加。建议了一个可以描述材料脆性变化的脆性指数 ,并验证了B指标能较好地描述岩土材料在加卸荷时的脆性变化。应用二元介质模型,对岩样在卸载周围应力过程中的应力-应变关系进行了模拟,表明这一模型不但可以模拟岩样在低围压下的应变软化到高围压下的应变硬化现象,而且可以模拟岩样在卸载周围应力过程中的变形破坏过程,特别是对于表现为应变软化的岩样,可以反映出应力峰值前后卸围压时的变形破坏过程的差别。 相似文献
2.
基于数字图像的土、岩和混凝土内部结构定量分析和力学数值计算的研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
土、岩及混凝土是一种内部结构极其复杂的材料,内部细观组成和结构决定了它们在外力作用下内部应力和应变等物理场的分布状态,在很大程度上控制了它们的宏观力学响应和破坏机理和过程。自1995年以来,数字图像处理技术作为一种材料细观空间结构及几何形态的精确量测和数字表述手段快速地被应用于沥青混凝土、水泥混凝土、土和岩体材料细观结构定量分析中来。本文在研究相关文献的基础上,分析和研究了数字图像技术在土、岩及混凝土内部结构定量分析和力学数值计算中的发展过程和研究成果,内容包括:单个骨料颗粒形态特征定量分析;土、岩和混凝土内部结构定量分析;岩体结构定量分析中的应用;基于数字图像处理的土、岩和混凝土细观结构力学计算。在此基础上,本文进一步对数字图像技术在岩土领域中的应用进展及未来的发展趋势进行了探讨,认为数字图像作为一种空间分布测量手段和数字表述方法使得它具有巨大的潜力,特别是在岩土领域的纵深发展过程中,它可能实现考虑细微观结构性的岩土力学和工程分析和预测的、新的方法和理论。 相似文献
3.
沈珠江等在总结岩土材料的基本特性、分析理论和研究方法的基础上,提出了岩土破损力学理论框架和二元介质模型概念。基于岩土二元介质模型思想,近年来在试验、理论和数值模拟方面对结构性岩土材料进行了详细研究。通过对棒状和棱柱状结构块试件的平面试验,探讨了结构性岩土材料的破损机制,并发现了在受荷过程中结构块逐渐破损并转化为软弱带二者共同抵抗外部作用,即验证了二元介质模型对结构性岩土材料力学抽象的正确性;扩展了岩土二元介质模型对岩土材料的脆性变化进行了模拟,并与结构性土和砂岩的三轴试验结果进行了验证;基于二元介质模型概念,发展了一种模拟岩土材料破损过程的细观数值方法,同时提出了适用于结构性岩土材料的强度准则。 相似文献
4.
基于图像检索技术的岩石单轴压缩破坏过程CT描述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于X射线的CT扫描技术,因其具有多层位、对同一岩石试件可连续、无损扫描等优点,在岩石力学与工程研究中得到了广泛应用。对岩石单轴压缩破坏过程进行实时CT扫描,也是岩石力学研究的重要内容之一。针对三维显微CT试验系统实时监测煤岩单轴压缩破坏过程中,因位移误差会引起扫描层定位不准确,进而影响试验结果这一基本问题,提出了基于图像检索技术的CT扫描图像处理方法。通过对煤岩试样在单轴载荷作用下破坏过程的CT实时监测,并引入基于Manhattan距离的相似性计算方法,检索出岩石试件同一层位在不同应力状态下的相似扫描层。结果表明,采用图像检索的方法,可以有效地减小煤岩在加载破坏过程中位移误差的影响,更好地通过CT图像来描述煤岩在不同应力状态下的微裂纹分布状况和演化规律,从而在细观层次上揭示岩石在单轴压缩条件下破坏的基本规律。 相似文献
5.
为了探究含软、硬两种岩性碎块石土石混合体的变形破坏过程与力学性质,发展了一种基于软硬石模板库的土石混合体建模方法。通过在PFC2D中建立符合原位结构特征的软硬石模板库,利用此模板库生成了不同含石量土石混合体颗粒流模型,对土石混合体进行了单轴压缩颗粒流模拟。结果表明：土石混合体破坏始于土-石接触面,土石介质分离大多因剪切破坏导致,加载前期微裂纹迅速增长,中、后期微裂纹增长速率减缓,但宏观变形渐趋显著;随着含石量的增加,土石混合体单轴抗压强度逐渐降低,块石的转动与侧向移动会加剧土石混合体的整体破坏;相同含石量下,随着软石比例的增加,单轴抗压强度呈下降趋势,试验后试样破裂率与单个软石颗粒的破裂程度均保持在较高水平,软石颗粒破裂是引起土石混合体单轴抗压强度降低的重要原因。 相似文献
6.
冲击载荷作用下准脆性材料Ⅱ型裂纹扩展研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冲击载荷作用下准脆性材料的动态断裂一直是关注的热点问题,Ⅱ型裂纹试样受冲击剪切时其裂纹扩展方向同材料力学性质和冲击速度等密切相关。应用岩石动态破裂过程动态分析系统软件,对单边平行双裂缝试样开展了冲击载荷作用下的裂纹动态扩展数值模拟,分别研究了不同材料力学性质、材料均质度、入射应力脉冲幅值和历时对II型裂纹动态扩展的影响。数值模拟结果表明,纯II型裂纹在动荷载作用下的扩展,不仅受到剪切损伤,而且还存在拉伸损伤;准脆性材料的非均匀性导致了主裂缝周围产生大量微裂纹的破坏,影响裂缝的分岔和内部的应力值;应力幅值和应力脉冲历时分别超过某一定值时,主裂缝将出现分叉现象,试样的破坏程度加剧,其研究结果对于深入揭示准脆性材料在动荷载作用下II型裂纹扩展的规律及准脆性材料的损伤断裂机制具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
A new rock mass failure criterion for biaxial loading conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake Jinyong Park Bwalya Malama 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):871-888
To simulate brittle rocks, a mixture of glastone, sand and water was used as a model material. Thin galvanized sheets of thickness
0.254 mm were used to create joints in blocks made out of the model material. To investigate the failure modes and strength,
both the intact material blocks as well as jointed model material blocks of size 35.6 × 17.8 × 2.5 cm having different joint
geometry configurations were subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compressive loadings. A new intact rock failure criterion is
proposed at the 3-D level. This criterion is validated for biaxial loading through laboratory experimental results obtained
on intact model material blocks. Results obtained from both the intact and jointed model material blocks are used to develop
a strongly non-linear new rock mass failure criterion for biaxial loading. In this failure criterion, the fracture tensor
component is used to incorporate the directional effect of fracture geometry system on jointed block strength. The failure
criterion shows the important role, the intermediate principal stress plays on rock mass strength. 相似文献
8.
A relationship between tensile strength and loading stress governing the onset of mode I crack propagation obtained via numerical investigations using a bonded particle model 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Numerical models based on the discrete element method are used to study the fracturing process in brittle rock‐like materials under direct and indirect tension. The results demonstrate the capacity of the model to capture the essential characteristics of fracture including the onset of crack propagation, stable and unstable crack growth, arrest and reinitiation of fracturing, and crack branching. Simulations of Brazilian indirect tension tests serve to calibrate the numerical model, relating macroscopic tensile strength of specimens to their micromechanical breakage parameters. A second suite of simulations reveals a linear relationship between the tensile strength of specimens and the loading stress for which mode I tensile crack propagation ensues. Based on these results, a crack initiation criterion for brittle materials is proposed, prescribing the stressing conditions required to induce tensile failure. Such a criterion, if broadly applicable, provides a practical means to rapidly assess the failure potential of brittle materials under tensile loads. 相似文献
9.
Naser A. Al-Shayea 《Engineering Geology》2005,81(1):84-97
Propagation of a crack in engineering materials including rocks can cause failure. Knowledge of the stress state under which a crack can propagate, and the trajectory it may follow during its growth are thus very important for the stability of rock masses/materials and for the safe design of structures in/on rocks. In this paper, the crack initiation angle and subsequent crack propagation path are experimentally investigated for limestone rock specimens. This investigation was conducted under various mixed mode I-II loading conditions, including pure mode-I and pure mode-II.This study includes conducting diametrical compression tests on notched Brazilian disk specimens. Moreover, the effect of confining pressure and temperature on crack initiation and propagation were also studied. The experimental results were compared with theoretical predictions of crack initiation angle. The results showed that limestone behaves in brittle fashion, and the effects of confining pressure and temperature on failure trajectories were not significant. Generally, the crack initiation angle can be predicted by the maximum tangential stress criterion. However, for notched Brazilian disk with high value of crack orientation with respect to loading direction, crack does not propagate from the tip of the crack. This important observation indicated that the tensile-strength failure can become more critical than the fracture-toughness failure. 相似文献
10.
11.
地下洞室开挖围岩经历典型径向卸载、环向加载应力路径,由此引起的岩体强度、变形特征和破坏机制也不尽相同。针对锦屏二级水电站高地应力赋存环境,对施工排水洞大理岩开展常规单轴全应变、三轴压缩、卸围压、卸围压-加载轴压等4种不同应力路径力学试验,得到应力-应变全过程曲线、变形破坏特征和极限储能变化规律。试验研究结果表明, （1）锦屏二级水电站大理岩破坏时轴向应变一般较小,为硬脆性材料,卸荷应力路径下该脆性特征更为明显;（2）卸围压同时加载轴压试验峰值强度对应轴向应变、环向应变及体积应变值一般高于单纯的卸围压值,而对应峰值强度则一般低于卸围压值;（3）卸荷速率较大时,变形模量越大,大理岩峰值强度越低。加载速率越大,变形模量越小,峰值强度越高。初始围压越高,变形模量值越低,峰值强度越高;（4）无侧限作用时试件主要为张拉破坏,低侧限作用时为剪切破坏为主,局部存在张拉破坏,较高侧限时,剪切面为典型X或Y型;（5）岩石试件具有极限储能值,该值受多种因素的影响。一般情况下试件破坏对应围压越高,极限储能值越高,卸载速率越大,极限储能值越小。研究结果对于岩爆孕育发生机制解释以及工程实际问题的解决均有参考价值。 相似文献
12.
Weak planes affect the strength and deformational behaviors of rock slopes, and the anisotropic characteristics of rock mass should be considered in slope stability analysis. Effects of joint plane orientations on failure mechanism and strength response of inherently anisotropic rock samples were firstly investigated. The specimens with various orientations of joints were evaluated under uniaxial compression, Brazilian tensile, and direct shear tests. By treating the foliated rock as transversely isotropic materials, the relevant elastic constants and strength parameters were obtained from experimental results. The slope damage zone was then investigated using Comsol Multiphysics code based on Hoffman criterion. It is indicated that the failure mechanism and strength response depend highly on the inclination of specimens with respect to the loading direction. For disks with the same inclination angle, the value of tensile strength has an increasing trend with the total fracture length. Numerical results show that partial slope mass failed in single slope and no large-scale landslide occurred. The failure pattern in numerical results agrees well with the field observations. The cooperation between the experimental results and the numerical results allows an in-depth analysis of the experimental results and thus better understanding the dominant effect of joints on the deformation and failure of rock mass. 相似文献
13.
Richa Shukla P. G. Ranjith S. K. Choi A. Haque Mohan Yellishetty Li Hong 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(1):83-93
Acoustic emissions (AE) and stress–strain curve analysis are well accepted ways of analysing crack propagation and monitoring the various failure stages (such as crack closure, crack initiation level during rock failure under compression) of rocks and rock-like materials. This paper presents details and results of experimental investigations conducted for characterizing the brittle failure processes induced in a rock due to monocyclic uniaxial compression on loading of two types of sandstone core samples saturated in NaCl brines of varying concentration (0, 2, 5, 10 and 15 % NaCl by weight). The two types of sandstone samples were saturated under vacuum for more than 45 days with the respective pore fluid to allow them to interact with the rocks. It was observed that the uniaxial compressive strength and stress–strain behaviour of the rock specimens changed with increasing NaCl concentration in the saturating fluid. The acoustic emission patterns also varied considerably for increasing ionic strength of the saturating brines. These observations can be attributed to the deposition of NaCl crystals in the rock’s pore spaces as well some minor geo-chemical interactions between the rock minerals and the brine. The AE pattern variations could also be partly related to the higher conductivity of the ionic strength of the high-NaCl concentration brine as it is able to transfer more acoustic energy from the cracks to the AE sensors. 相似文献
14.
盐岩油气储库介质地质力学模型相似材料的研制 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
以江苏金坛盐岩地下油气储库为示范工程,以精铁粉、重晶石粉、石英砂、一级松香和医用酒精为原料,根据相似原理以及金坛盐岩油气储库地层中盐岩、泥岩和盐岩夹层的实测物理力学参数,开展了各种配比条件下材料的单轴压缩、三轴压缩、直剪和巴西劈裂试验,通过原岩和模型材料的重度、泊松比、弹性模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角等基本物理力学参数以及相应变形特征和强度破坏特性的对比分析,研制出基本满足相似条件要求的盐岩油气储库介质（盐岩、泥岩和盐岩夹层）的地质力学模型相似材料,为开展盐岩地下油气储库运营的变形与失效破坏地质力学模型试验提供了可靠的材料保证。 相似文献
15.
Polygonal finite elements are gaining an increasing attention in the computational mechanics literature, but their application in rock mechanics is very rare. This paper deals with numerical modeling of rock failure under dynamic loading based on polygonal finite elements. For this end, a damage-viscoplastic constitutive model for rock based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion with the Rankine criterion as a tensile cutoff is employed and implemented with the polygonal finite element method. Moreover, the mineral mesostructure or rock is described by randomly mapping groups of polygonal elements representing the constituent minerals into a global mesh and assigning these groups with the corresponding mineral material properties. The performance of the polygonal elements is compared with that of the linear and quadratic triangular and bilinear quadrilateral elements in numerical simulations of controlled shear band formation under uniaxial compression and lateral splitting failure in the dogbone tension test. Numerical simulations of uniaxial tension and compression tests as well as dynamic Brazilian disc test under increasing loading rates demonstrate that the present approach predicts the correct failure modes as well as the dynamic increase in strength of rock. 相似文献
16.
用相似材料制作含预制裂隙岩体无锚和加锚试样,以锚杆与裂隙呈45°、90°打入锚杆制作3组试样,进行60次冻融循环,对冻融过程中裂隙进行应变监测并对冻融循环60次后的试样进行单轴压缩试验,探讨冻融循环作用下不同角度的锚杆支护对裂隙岩体的裂隙扩展规律、锚固效应及破坏模式的影响。研究结果表明:裂隙岩体在经历30次冻融循环之前,两种支护方式对裂隙的控制效果相当,随着冻融循环的进行,锚杆支护角度会对作用于锚杆的摩阻力产生一定影响,锚杆与裂隙夹角越大,作用于裂隙的摩阻力越大;天然状况下一个冻融循环周期内裂隙的应变大致经历了冷缩→冻胀→冻胀稳定→融缩→回弹→稳定6个阶段,两种支护工况均未出现明显的融缩阶段和回弹阶段,且90°支护工况效果比45°支护工况效果更加明显;对裂隙岩体采用水泥浆进行压力灌浆,由于水泥浆的保护作用可以对整个锚固系统起到一定的修复作用;锚杆增强了裂隙岩体抵制裂隙扩展的能力,降低了裂隙岩体劈裂破坏的突然性,且破坏模式由张拉破坏转换为张剪复合破坏。 相似文献
17.
岩体内部赋存的裂隙很多表现为折线型,为探究这类岩体的断裂机制,制备含折线型裂隙砂岩试件并对其进行单轴压缩试验。采用数字图像相关(DIC)方法计算加载过程中的变形场演化,根据新生裂纹两侧的位移差异识别裂纹类型;运用扩展有限元法(XFEM)模拟断裂过程,根据应力分布特征解释翼型裂纹起裂与扩展机制。DIC计算结果表明,新生裂纹处出现应变局部化带,裂纹两侧发生相对分离;含直线型和折线型裂隙砂岩试件的翼型裂纹分别萌生于预制裂隙端部以及折角处,这是因为裂隙几何形态会改变拉应力集中位置;含折线型裂隙砂岩试件的起裂应力小于含直线型裂隙砂岩试件,这是因为相同加载条件下前者的最大拉应力值更大;这2类试件的裂纹扩展均是由于裂纹尖端集中的拉应力引起的,裂纹依然呈张开状态;裂隙几何形态未改变试件的最终破坏模式,均表现为对角剪切破坏。 相似文献
18.
19.
Rock mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics are associated with stress history and loading path. Unloading conditions occur during the formation of a salt cavity as a result of washing techniques. Such conditions require an improved understanding of the mechanical and deformation behaviors of rock salt. In our study, rock salt dilatancy behaviors under triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were analyzed and compared with those from conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The volume deformation of rock salt under unloading was more than under triaxial loading, but less than under uniaxial loading (with the same deviatoric stress). Generally, under the same axial compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate decreased as the confining compression increased, and under the same confining compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate increased as the axial compression increased. The dilatancy boundary of the unloading confining pressure test began with unloading. This is different from the dilatancy of the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The accelerated dilatancy point boundary stress value was affected by confining and axial compressions. The specimens entered into a creep state after unloading. The associated creep rate depends on the deviatoric stress and confining compression values at the end of the unloading process. Based on unloading theory and the experimental data, we propose a constitutive model of rock salt damage. Our model reflects the dilatancy progression at constant axial stress and reduced lateral confinement. 相似文献
20.
土石混合体重塑样制备及其压密特征与力学特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于土力学与岩石力学的实验室力学试验原理与方法,本文首先探索了土石混合体重塑样的制备、压密特性等问题,初步给出土石混合体重塑样制备的一个标准流程,并揭示了土石混合体的压密特性与机制,即土石混合体压密主要是土体的压密,但块石直接影响其压密效果,并指出本次试验土石混合体50锤次可达到的最佳压密效果,而压密机制随含石量增加而有所变化。运用高精度岩石试验机,首次进行了土石混合体的单轴压缩试验。试验表明,在无侧限条件下块石与土体无胶结,导致了试样实际承载面积减小,使其抗压强度与弹模反而低于土体;而土石混合体中块石形成骨架结构的力学响应是土石混合体的一个重要的力学特性。 相似文献