共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
引潮力的全球位移场及应力场 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文将地球看作由若干层均匀弹性球壳及一个液核所组成。文中用弹性力学方法得出了在日月引潮力作用下全球位移场及应力场的解析解。由它们将易于分析各种参数变化所产生的效应,这有助于地球模型的构制。 作为例子,文中对1981年IGS及IUGG公布并建议采用的“初步参考地球模型”（简称PREM模型）计算了引潮力引起的全球位移场及应力场,给出了模型地球的内部位移及应力的分布曲线。同时,对PREM模型计算了勒夫数及潮汐因子。计算结果与观测值相当吻合。 相似文献
2.
gPhone重力仪低频段良好的噪声水平有利于记录地球自由振荡信息。利用泉州基准地震台gPhone重力仪原始观测数据,分析直接检测2021年7月29日美国阿拉斯加州以南海域MS 8.1地震激发的地球自由振荡信息的可能性,结果表明,基频振型0S4—0S60和多个谐频振型的实测频率值与地球初步参考模型（PREM）的理论值基本一致,可见利用该台gPhone重力仪可有效检测地球自由振荡信号。文中所得结果可用于地球内部结构研究,有助于做出更精细的地球模型。 相似文献
3.
F. W. Jones 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1974,112(5):793-800
Summary A numerical method is used to calculate the geomagnetic fields associated with a three-dimensional conductivity anomaly. Fields associated with a two-dimensional model are also studied numerically for a range of frequencies and apparent resistivity curves for the two models are compared with that calculated for a layered earth. The apparent resistivity curves for both the three-dimensional model and the two-dimensional model differ considerably from the layered case, and it is evident that if a layered model is used for interpretation the results may be very misleading. 相似文献
4.
The effect of the oceans and sedimentary cover on global magnetovariational field distribution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Electromagnetic fields excited by long-period geomagnetic variations were calculated for spherical earth models with the realistic inhomogeneous surface layer. Calculations were also carried out for the model with the double inhomogeneous layer. The modelling results did not display the same level of distortions which had been observed experimentally. The revealed contradiction may be explained by a possible existence of significant inhomogeneities in the earth mantle. 相似文献
5.
6.
瞬变电磁场的直接时域数值分析 总被引：44，自引：9，他引：35
为了深入了解瞬变电磁场的勘探原理,直接在时间域对负阶跃脉冲激发的二维瞬态场进行了数值分析.采用的方法是从反映电磁场基本规律的麦克斯韦方程组出发,导出时域电场的齐次扩散方程,对所研究的空间区域作差分离散,源作为初始条件加入,利用准静态近似处理空中边界,然后进行时间的逐步递推,由此展现瞬变电磁场在地下扩散随时间发展的全过程.通过模拟计算不同时刻瞬态电场在地下的分布形态及地面上感生电动势相应的变化,揭示了低阻异常体对感应涡流的聚集作用,低阻覆盖层对瞬变场扩散的减速作用,及瞬变场的延时效应.因此,瞬变电磁法对低阻体是敏感的,有上覆低阻层时探测同样的深度需要较长的时间,而延时效应瞬变场的晚期时段可反映埋藏较浅的异常体. 相似文献
7.
Approximation to Cutoffs of Higher Modes of Rayleigh Waves for a Layered Earth Model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A cutoff defines the long-period termination of a Rayleigh-wave higher mode and, therefore is a key characteristic of higher
mode energy relationship to several material properties of the subsurface. Cutoffs have been used to estimate the shear-wave
velocity of an underlying half space of a layered earth model. In this study, we describe a method that replaces the multilayer
earth model with a single surface layer overlying the half-space model, accomplished by harmonic averaging of velocities and
arithmetic averaging of densities. Using numerical comparisons with theoretical models validates the single-layer approximation.
Accuracy of this single-layer approximation is best defined by values of the calculated error in the frequency and phase velocity
estimate at a cutoff. Our proposed method is intuitively explained using ray theory. Numerical results indicate that a cutoffs
frequency is controlled by the averaged elastic properties within the passing depth of Rayleigh waves and the shear-wave velocity
of the underlying half space. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2000,62(3):169-187
A simple model is introduced to represent positive return strokes so that the electromagnetic field environment created by them at different distances and at ionospheric heights can be calculated. The model parameters were selected in such a way that they can be directly connected to the observed features of the electromagnetic fields. This removed the guess work that is sometimes necessary in attributing values to the parameters of models. The model is then used to evaluate the electromagnetic fields created by positive return strokes at locations, such as in the immediate vicinity of the lightning flash and in the ionosphere, where it is difficult to perform field measurements. 相似文献
9.
A 2-D boundary problem formulation in terms of pore pressure in Biot poroelasticity model is discussed, with application to a vertical contact model mechanically excited by a lunar-solar tidal deformation wave, representing a fault zone structure. A problem parametrization in terms of permeability and Biot’s modulus contrasts is proposed and its numerical solution is obtained for a series of models differing in the values of the above parameters. The behavior of pore pressure and its gradient is analyzed. From those, the electric field of the electrokinetic nature is calculated. The possibilities of estimation of the elastic properties and permeability of geological formations from the observations of the horizontal and vertical electric field measured inside the medium and at the earth’s surface near the block boundary are discussed. 相似文献
10.
The effect of the electrical anisotropy on the response of helicopter-borne frequency-domain electromagnetic systems 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) systems are commonly used for conductivity mapping and the data are often interpreted using an isotropic horizontally layered earth model. However, in regions with distinct dipping stratification, it is useful to extend the model to a layered earth with general anisotropy by assigning each layer a symmetrical 3 × 3 resistivity tensor. The electromagnetic (EM) field is represented by two scalar potentials, which describe the poloidal and toroidal parts of the magnetic field. Via a 2D Fourier transform, we obtain two coupled ordinary differential equations in the vertical coordinate. To stabilize the numerical calculation, the wavenumber domain is divided into two parts associated with small and large wavenumbers. The EM field for small wavenumbers is continued from layer to layer with the continuity conditions. For large wavenumbers, the EM field behaves like a DC field and therefore cannot be sensed by airborne EM systems. Thus, the contribution from the large wavenumbers is simply ignored. The magnetic fields are calculated for the vertical coaxial (VCX), horizontal coplanar (HCP) and vertical coplanar (VCP) coil configurations for a helicopter EM system. The apparent resistivities defined from the VCX, VCP and HCP coil responses, when plotted in polar coordinates, clearly identify the principal anisotropic axes of an anisotropic earth. The field example from the Edwards Aquifer recharge area in Texas confirms that the polar plots of the apparent resistivities identify the principal anisotropic axes that coincide well with the direction of the underground structures. 相似文献
11.
A procedure is proposed for calculating extreme characteristics of the level of a sea with allowance for positive and negative setups. Analysis is made of past storm events in the Northern Caspian Sea that have caused strong setups. Sixty-three storm weather patterns are chosen from a period of 45 years. Time ring synoptic maps are used to digitize the atmospheric pressure fields and calculate the field of its gradient and the wind near water surface. Based on these data, the sea level values and currents are calculated through two- and three-dimensional hydrodynamic models. A probabilistic model along with computer-aided data treatment procedures are used to calculate the fields of extreme characteristics of the sea level at the Lagan gage with the occurrence of once per N years at the average Caspian Sea level of 27 m below SL. 相似文献
12.
A. Joshi 《Journal of Seismology》2001,5(4):499-518
Garhwal Himalaya has been rocked by two major earthquakes in the span of just eight years, viz. Uttarkashi earthquake of 20th Oct, 1991 and Chamoli earthquake of 28th March, 1999. Chamoli earthquake of March 28, 1999 was recorded at 11 different stations of a strong motion array installed in the epicentral region. The maximum peak ground acceleration (353 cm/s2) was recorded at an accelerograph located at Gopeshwar. The data from eleven stations has been used for comparison with the simulated acceleration envelopes due to a model of the rupture responsible for this earthquake. For simulation of acceleration envelope the method of Midorikawa (1993) has been modified for its applicability to Himalayan region. This method has earlier been used by Joshi and Patel (1997) and Joshi (1999) for the studyof Uttarkashi earthquake of 20th Oct, 1991. The same method has been used for study of Chamoli earthquake. Layered earth crust has been introduced in place of homogeneous one in this method. The model of rupture is placed at a depth of 12 km below the Munsiari thrust for modelling Chamoli earthquake. Peak ground acceleration was calculated from simulated acceleration envelope using layered as well as homogeneous earth crust. For the rupture placed in a layered crust model peak ground acceleration of order 312 cm/s2 was simulated at Gopeshwar which is quite close to actually recorded value. The comparison of peak ground acceleration values in terms of root mean square error at eleven stations suggests that the root mean square error is reduced by inclusion of a layered earth crust in place of homogeneous earth crust. 相似文献
13.
针对任意各向异性地层,利用极向型和环向型标量位函数,导出相应的直流电视电阻率和磁电阻率的磁场响应关系.计算了各向异性地层的直流电视电阻率和磁电阻率响应特征,重点分析了电阻率测深方法与磁电阻率探测方法对地下各向异性介质的探测能力.文中采用状态矩阵的分析方法,首先采用极向型和环向型标量位构造了各向异性层状介质电场与磁场的通解,利用各层界面电场、磁场的连续性及地面激励源的耦合条件,推导了不同层之间电磁场的状态矩阵,建立了空间电场与磁场的递归计算关系.其次,针对递归计算中指数项数值计算的不稳定性,借用状态矩阵的性质,导出了将不稳定指数计算项转化为稳定的指数项的转换关系.针对横向各向同性(TI)介质中极向位与环向位解耦的特点,导出了电磁场的直接积分解.最后,采用解析解验证了算法的正确性,给出了多层各向异性地层模型的视电阻率和磁场响应曲线,分析了直流电法探测裂缝性地层、估计裂缝分布性状的可能性. 相似文献
14.
该文建立了百万网格的分层PREM地球模型, 利用并行有限元方法计算了自转速率快速变化所引起的全球附加的位移场和应力场。 计算模型中不仅考虑了地球的径向分层, 同时还考虑椭率和地形的影响。 利用数值试验的方法, 系统分析了地球自转速率变化为Δω/ω=2×10-10时所引起的全球应力分布特征, 研究表明椭率对地表各个应力分量的影响在千分之几, 而地形的影响则表现为径向应力与地形正相关, 且相同高度的地形在低纬度影响较大, 纬向和经向的应力大小分别与地形在SN向和EW向的地形梯度直接相关。 相似文献
15.
地球物理学中关于电磁波勘探研究通常采用的是地球半空间模型.然而,对于几十公里的有限长电缆源（长偶极源）,远距离电磁波场探测必须要考虑电离层的影响,它是一个全空间问题.关于包含电离层、空气层和地球介质（我们称“地-电离层”模式）的电磁波场特征的研究在国外较少,国内几乎是空白.本文采用全空间积分方程法首先对小尺度的可控源电磁波场特征进行了研究,由于此时电离层的影响可忽略,它应该和半空间成熟的CSAMT模拟结果一致,对比结果表明,二者是一致的,验证了全空间模拟方法的可靠性和有效性.随后进行了50 km长电缆电离层和空气层高度都为100 km的“地-电离层”模式大尺度电磁波场模拟,以探讨大尺度可控源电磁波场的特征.给定频率的“地-电离层”模式电磁场的衰减曲线表明长电缆远距离电磁波场由于受电离层的作用存在衰减逐渐变小的过渡场和衰减变小的波导场.为了探讨复杂介质“地-电离层”模式电磁波特征,对“地-电离层”模式的典型地盾和地台多层介质模型进行了数值模拟,得到了偶极源长度50 km、电流200A、收发距离远达1600 km和2500 km的合理的电磁场结果.最后,对一简单含油储层结构模型进行了长偶极、大功率、远距离电磁波场响应计算.储层横向不均匀复杂结构模拟的结果表明,考虑电离层和大气层的“地-电离层”模式大尺度深层复杂介质模拟时,电磁场对深部目标体仍有很好的异常响应. 相似文献
16.
The electromagnetic response of a horizontal electric dipole buried in a multi‐layered earth 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The electromagnetic response of a horizontal electric dipole transmitter in the presence of a conductive, layered earth is important in a number of geophysical applications, ranging from controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotellurics to borehole geophysics to marine electromagnetics. The problem has been thoroughly studied for more than a century, starting from a dipole resting on the surface of a half‐space and subsequently advancing all the way to a transmitter buried within a stack of anisotropic layers. The solution is still relevant today. For example, it is useful for one‐dimensional modelling and interpretation, as well as to provide background fields for two‐ and three‐dimensional modelling methods such as integral equation or primary–secondary field formulations. This tutorial borrows elements from the many texts and papers on the topic and combines them into what we believe is a helpful guide to performing layered earth electromagnetic field calculations. It is not intended to replace any of the existing work on the subject. However, we have found that this combination of elements is particularly effective in teaching electromagnetic theory and providing a basis for algorithmic development. Readers will be able to calculate electric and magnetic fields at any point in or above the earth, produced by a transmitter at any location. As an illustrative example, we calculate the fields of a dipole buried in a multi‐layered anisotropic earth to demonstrate how the theory that developed in this tutorial can be implemented in practice; we then use the example to examine the diffusion of volume charge density within anisotropic media—a rarely visualised process. The algorithm is internally validated by comparing the response of many thin layers with alternating high and low conductivity values to the theoretically equivalent (yet algorithmically simpler) anisotropic solution, as well as externally validated against an independent algorithm. 相似文献
17.
Spatial models to describe dependent georeferenced data are applied in different fields and, particularly, are used to analyze earth and environmental data. Most of these applications are carried out under Gaussian spatial models. The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution is a unimodal and positively skewed model which has received considerable attention in several areas, including earth and environmental sciences. In addition, theoretical arguments have been provided to justify its usage in the data modeling from these sciences, at least in the same settings where the lognormal distribution can be employed. This paper presents kriging with external drift based on a Birnbaum–Saunders spatial model. The maximum likelihood method is considered to estimate its parameters. The results obtained in the paper are illustrated by an experimental data set related to agricultural management. Specifically, in this illustration, the spatial variability of magnesium content in the soil as a function of calcium content is analyzed. 相似文献
18.
G. V. Prostolupov V. M. Novoselitskiy V. N. Koneshov G. P. Shcherbinina 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(6):530-535
A method of potential field processing based on the transformation of vectors of the total horizontal gradient in windows of various sizes is considered. The gradients are calculated at the centers of triangles, whose vertices are points of observations, as a rule, of gravity and magnetic fields. Averaging of horizontal gradients of the field rather than initial values of the field is the main distinction of this approach from the known methods. This procedure, referred to in this paper as vector scanning of the field, makes it possible to obtain layer distributions of field sources in a 3-D diagram that is a quasi-density model of the study medium within the framework of certain model concepts. The paper presents a model example demonstrating the possibility of separating the fields produced by two sources located on a vertical line and an example illustrating the application of this method to the interpretation of the gravity field in the zone of the geodynamic influence of the Urals. 相似文献
19.
基于单次散射模型的尾波功率谱分析法,利用安徽省蒙城区域数字地震台1999年12月30日记录震中距35 km,M_S 4.1地震波形资料计算蒙城地震台周边半径约55 km范围内区域地球介质不同频率的Q值,发现0.5—20 Hz频率范围内,Q值随频率的变化关系近似服从幂函数关系Q_c=Q_0f~η,Q_0为1 Hz时的Q值,即Q_c=27.04f~(0.9952±0.0004),其中Q值在13—533范围内,平均值为273,η值在0.9952±0.004。结果表明,蒙城地震台附近范围内Q值具有较强的频域依赖性,与他人研究求得的Q作比较,平均值结果接近该Q值可以较好反映当地地球介质的品质因子;给出当地地震波传播介质的平均自由程为15 km,探讨介质的品质因子Q(Q_c)值的物理意义及应用,对研究本地区的地震活动习性及震后趋势预测具有重要意义。 相似文献
20.
为了研究轻量土的主动土压力特性,通过开展大比尺刚性挡土墙模型试验,采用人工控制挡土墙位移的方式,分析轻量土作为墙后填土时的主动土压力分布规律。结果表明：轻量土的侧向土压力随着挡墙位移量的增加先降低后逐渐趋于稳定,侧向土压力在挡墙位移量为3 mm时初步达到稳定状态,对比发现轻量土的主动土压力显著小于重塑黄土,这表明轻量土可以有效降低墙背主动土压力。轻量土的主动土压力系数处于0～0.16之间,沿着挡墙分布较为稳定,而重塑黄土主动土压力系数介于0～0.57之间,显著大于轻量土的主动土压力系数。经朗肯理论值与模型试验值对比分析,发现轻量土的朗肯主动土压力小于试验值,理论值与试验值之间的绝对误差处于0～6.32 kPa之间,其在实际工程中可以忽略不计。鉴于模型试验中墙背与填土之间存在一定的摩擦,朗肯理论在计算轻量土的主动土压力时仍较为准确。通过模型试验研究和传统理论分析,揭示了轻量土的主动土压力特性,对于完善轻量土土压力理论具有重要意义。 相似文献