共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Ning Luo 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(2):87-108
Probabilistic stability analyses of constructed wrapped-face reinforced slopes (or embankments) using frictional soils were carried out using the random finite element method (RFEM). Soil properties reported in the literature for unsaturated frictional fills compacted to different densities were used in the simulations. Bar elements were added to the RFEM code to simulate extensible geosynthetic reinforcement layers and the Davis approach was used to improve numerical stability for purely frictional soil slopes at collapse. The influence of isotropic and anisotropic spatially variable soil strength was investigated and shown to have a large influence on the variation of maximum mobilised tensile forces in reinforcement layers for the steep 5 m-high slopes in the study. The influence of fill placed at different layer thickness and compacted to different levels was simulated by adjusting the soil strength and unit weight, and the vertical strength correlation length in the anisotropic spatially variable strength field used in each slope realisation. Numerical results showed that vertical strength correlation lengths approaching the magnitude of fill lift heights can control the probability of failure for reinforced slopes constructed with weak fills placed in lift heights close to but less than the wrapped reinforcement spacing used in the study. 相似文献
2.
地震动下考虑各向异性土体-盾构隧道数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对层状土体-盾构隧道地震反应分析,引入了横观各向同性弹塑性模型,建立了横观各向同性介质的双渐近-多向透射边界条件。针对盾构隧道抗震设计的特点,基于横观各向同性弹塑性模型,研制了考虑层状土体各向异性和施工开挖效应,适合于地下结构动力计算的弹塑性动力有限元程序。在程序中对不同的材料采用了不同的本构关系和单元形式,并采用了关联流动法则和多种屈服准则,可同时进行横观各向同性土体与地下结构的平面应力、平面应变和轴对称问题的静动力有限元分析。最后,利用所研制的程序对上海地铁二号线石门一路站附近区间隧道在不同超越概率地震波输入下的地震反应进行了计算。结果表明,在层状土体-地铁盾构隧道的抗震分析中考虑土体各向异性的影响是必要的,所提出的计算模型是合理易行的。 相似文献
3.
A finite element model for pile‐driving analysis is developed and used to investigate the behaviour of pre‐bored piles, which are then driven the last 1.25 or 2.25 m to their final design depth. The study was conducted for the case of saturated clays. The model traces the penetration of the pile into the soil and accommodates for large deformations. The non‐linear behaviour of the clay in this study is predicted using the bounding‐surface‐plasticity model, as applied to isotropic cohesive soils. The details of the 3‐D numerical modelling and computational schemes are presented. A significant difference was observed in the pile displacement during driving, and in the computed soil resistance at the pile tip, particularly at the earliest driving stages. No difference in soil resistance at the soil pile interface along the pile shaft was detected between the pre‐bored piles whether driven 1.25 or 2.25 m. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Various constitutive models have been proposed, and previous studies focused on identifying parameters of specified models. To develop the smart construction, this paper proposes a novel optimization-based intelligent model selection procedure in which parameter identification is also performed during staged excavation. To conduct the model selection, a database of seven constitutive models accounting for isotropic or anisotropic yield surface, isotropic or anisotropic elasticity, or small strain stiffness for clayey soils is established, with each model numbered and deemed as one additional parameter for optimization. A newly developed real-coded genetic algorithm is adopted to evaluate the performance of simulation against field measurement. As the process of optimization goes on, the soil model exhibiting good performance during simulation survives from the database and model parameters are also optimized. For each excavation stage, with the selected model and optimized parameters, wall deflection and ground surface settlement of the subsequent unexcavated stage are predicted. The proposed procedure is repeated until the entire excavation is finished. This proposed procedure is applied to a real staged excavation with field data, which demonstrates its effectiveness and efficiency in engineering practice with highlighting the importance of anisotropic elasticity and small strain stiffness in simulating excavation. All results demonstrate that the current study has both academic significance and practical significance in providing an efficient and effective approach of adaptive optimization-based model selection with parameters updating in engineering applications.
相似文献5.
Mohammed Saiful Alam Siddiquee M. S. Islam F. Tatsuoka M. K. Islam 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1447-1462
Soil is a heterogeneous material and most natural soil deposits show a definite stratification. The mechanical behaviour of such material is generally different in different directions, especially in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the stratification. A series of isotropic compression tests were carried out to study the behavior of granular material produced under controlled stratification in the laboratory. These tests were conducted both on cylindrical and square prismatic tri-axial specimens. It was observed that for hydrostatic loading, the strain response was different in different directions, especially in directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of soil deposition. A definite trend of anisotropy was observed in the deformation pattern. The observed anisotropy is modeled in this paper by treating soil-dilatancy as a variable quantity. The equation of the plastic potential surface of the model which obeys a non-associated flow rule, is assumed to be dependent on three main variables confining pressure (\(\sigma_{3}\)), void ratio (e) and the angle of bedding plane orientation (δ) during deposition. The angle of bedding plane orientation (δ) was measured with respect to the direction of the major principal stress. The model has a cap yield surface in the isotropic stress direction, which is supplemented by a shear hardening Mohr–Coulomb surface in the deviator direction. This paper focuses on predicting the anisotropic strain response of stratified soil deposits subjected to isotropic compression. The proposed anisotropic model incorporates within an existing strain-hardening sand model, a modified cap yield surface and a modified plastic potential function related to the cap surface, to account for the anistropic response observed in isotropic compression tests. The two dimensional stress–strain model was extended to three dimensional Cartesian space. The strain anisotropy observed in the isotropic compression tests was predicted by the three dimensional anisotropic model proposed for granular materials. 相似文献
6.
根据桩端土应力扩散的规律,建立了桩端扩散虚土桩模型。基于该模型对非均质土中桩-土纵向耦合振动进行研究。利用复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,得到桩与虚土桩桩侧土的剪切复刚度。结合边界条件、初始条件和连续条件,对扩散虚土桩和实体桩动力方程从底层往顶层逐层进行求解,得到桩顶动力响应的频域解析解和时域半解析解。通过对桩端扩散虚土桩扩散角、扩散层厚度、桩侧土非均质性和桩长的影响进行计算分析,得到基于扩散虚土桩法桩-土纵向振动响应特性。研究结论可为桩基础动力设计和动态检测提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
常规室内模型试验中,土体侧向位移作用下桩身变形特性能够获得,而桩周土体内部的位移很难量测。因此,结合透明土材料、粒子图像测速(PIV)技术和光学测量系统,设计了侧向位移作用下被动桩桩周土体变形测量试验系统。通过非插入式测量,得到桩不同埋置深度下桩周土体的位移场。试验结果表明:相同侧向位移模式下,桩埋置深度越大,桩对桩前土体的遮拦效应越明显,中间与两侧土体的相对位移越大。基于模型试验的结果建立了数值模型,参数敏感分析表明土体侧向位移形状对桩前土体位移遮拦效应的影响程度依次为矩形、抛物线形和三角形,且遮拦效果随着桩径的增加而更加明显。 相似文献
8.
A rotational kinematic hardening constitutive model with the capability of predicting the behavior of soil during three‐dimensional stress reversals has been developed. An existing elasto‐plastic constitutive model, the Single Hardening Model, utilizing isotropic hardening serves as the basic framework in these formulations. The framework of the kinematic hardening model was discussed in a companion paper. The previously proposed cross‐anisotropic Single Hardening Model is added to the present kinematic hardening mechanism to capture inherent anisotropy of sands in addition to the stress reversals. This model involves 13 parameters, which can be determined from simple laboratory experiments, such as isotropic compression, drained triaxial compression and triaxial extension tests. The results from a series of true triaxial tests with large three‐dimensional stress reversals performed on medium dense cross‐anisotropic Santa Monica Beach sand are employed for comparison with predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
修正了传统隐式回映算法,建立了适用于饱和黏土循环动力分析的边界面塑性模型的完全隐式积分格式。该模型基于无弹性域概念和临界状态理论,采用各向同性、运动硬化准则、旋转的边界面,并引入表征土体结构损伤和重塑程度的损伤变量以反映循环载荷作用下饱和黏土的各向异性、刚度、强度软化及塑性变形累积等特征。针对等压固结 和偏压固结 的饱和高岭黏土的不排水三轴试验进行模拟,采用不同的应变增量步长进行计算,并与试验数据对比,结果表明,修正隐式回映算法应用于该类边界面模型的合理性、积分格式的精确性和稳定性;另外,结合有限元软件自动时间步长的增量迭代解法,对饱和黏土应力控制的不排水动三轴试验进行预测,结果表明,修正的适用于该边界面的塑性模型隐式回映算法可以得到比较合理的数值分析结果,能够反映饱和黏土的循环刚度的退化和强度的弱化等动力特性。 相似文献
10.
在航空电磁探测方法应用中,地下探测环境复杂,地下介质物性参数存在各向异性特征。如果采用常规各向同性介质模型,在资料解释过程中会产生严重的偏差。本文基于矢量有限元法开展三维任意各向异性频率域航空电磁响应模拟计算研究。首先,将总场分解成一次场和二次场,对空气介质的均匀全空间进行一次场解析计算,同时利用矢量有限元法对二次电场的双旋度方程进行求解。为提高求解速度,采用共享内存直接求解器PARDISO对大规模稀疏矩阵并行计算,大大提高了三维模型的计算速度。之后开展了4种典型目标模型的三维各向异性介质模拟：围岩各向同性-目标体各向异性（绕z轴旋转）模型;围岩各向同性-目标体各向异性（绕x轴旋转）模型;围岩各向异性-目标体各向异性（绕z轴旋转）模型;围岩各向异性-目标体各向异性（绕x轴旋转）模型。对比分析了不同模型在不同旋转角度情况下,磁场实虚分量的变化特征,进而总结了各向异性参数对航空电磁响应的影响规律和识别方法。 相似文献
11.
利用不同浓度NaCl溶液饱和黏土,进行等向压缩试验并分析渗透吸力对等向压缩特性的影响规律。试验结果表明：渗透吸力对于黏土的等向压缩行为存在明显影响,主要体现在对初始弹性压缩线斜率、初始屈服应力的影响上。随着渗透吸力的增大,初始弹性压缩线斜率增大、初始屈服应力逐渐减小;而渗透吸力对弹塑段压缩线斜率和卸荷回弹线斜率影响不大。基于等向压缩试验结果,建立了盐溶液饱和黏土的本构模型,经过验证该模型能有效地模拟盐溶液饱和黏土的等向压缩特性。此外,该模型还可以模拟恒定等向压力下渗透吸力改变引起的试样变形。该等向压缩试验结果及所建立的模型为进一步分析及模拟化学-力学耦合行为提供了数据支持和理论基础。 相似文献
12.
In this paper, an integrated approach has been carried out with an intent to study the reflection and transmission phenomena of plane SH-type wave on a corrugated interface separating two magnetoelastic transversely isotropic half-space. Closed form expressions for reflection and transmission coefficients have been derived for both plane and corrugated surface. Rayleigh’s method of approximation have been incorporated to deduce equations for the first- and second-order approximation of corrugation. Analytical solutions for both the half-spaces have been worked out. All possible cases have been apprehended specially for anisotropic and an isotropic medium. The effects of magnetoelastic coupling parameter, angle at which the wave crosses the magnetic field, corrugation amplitude, frequency factor and wave number have been explained by collaborating with graphical analysis. 相似文献
13.
为了揭示黏性土中静压桩贯入过程中桩土界面桩侧土压力的受力特性,依托山东东营某桩工程开展了现场足尺试验,得到了静压桩沉桩过程中桩土界面桩侧土压力随贯入深度的变化规律,分析了贯入过程中不同土层桩侧土压力的分布特性,明确了桩侧土压力在沉桩过程中存在明显的退化效应,探讨了桩土界面桩侧土压力与桩侧上覆土体竖向土压力的比值关系。结果表明：桩土界面桩侧土压力与土层性质密切相关;随着传感器贯入深度的逐渐增加,桩侧土压力逐渐增大,并且增大幅度随土层的不同而不同;在同一贯入深度处,桩土界面桩侧土压力存在明显的退化现象,粉土中的退化幅度明显小于粉质黏土中的退化幅度;同一土层中桩土界面桩侧土压力与桩侧上覆土体竖向土压力的比值为常数,并且粉土中的比值明显大于粉质黏土中的比值。 相似文献
14.
Sarat Kumar Das Pijush Samui Akshaya Kumar Sabat T. G. Sitharam 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(2):393-403
The swelling pressure of soil depends upon various soil parameters such as mineralogy, clay content, Atterberg’s limits, dry
density, moisture content, initial degree of saturation, etc. along with structural and environmental factors. It is very
difficult to model and analyze swelling pressure effectively taking all the above aspects into consideration. Various statistical/empirical
methods have been attempted to predict the swelling pressure based on index properties of soil. In this paper, the computational
intelligence techniques artificial neural network and support vector machine have been used to develop models based on the
set of available experimental results to predict swelling pressure from the inputs; natural moisture content, dry density,
liquid limit, plasticity index, and clay fraction. The generalization of the model to new set of data other than the training
set of data is discussed which is required for successful application of a model. A detailed study of the relative performance
of the computational intelligence techniques has been carried out based on different statistical performance criteria. 相似文献
15.
Use of a resistivity cone for detecting contaminated soil layers 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
A cone-penetration technique was developed to detect contaminated soil layers with electrolytes and NAPLs. In this study, laboratory and field experiments were performed to apply the technique. In the laboratory, the change in resistivity was quantitatively examined by adding salt or oil to soil samples. The results showed that the resistivity measurement was varied with an order of ppm for the electrolyte concentration in soil. It was found that the resistivity of sand increased with increasing oil concentration. The effect of oil content was stronger for lower water content of sand.
The results obtained from field experiments showed that the resistivity cone can be used for detecting the contaminated layer in soils whose background values are known. Particularly, the instrument can be used effectively for examining the effects of remediation, by measuring the resistivity of the ground before and after remediation, unless the soil fabric changes significantly during remediation procedures. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents some experimental results on desiccation cracking tests conducted on thin layers of clay soils. Observation
of the evolution of cracking patterns was examined to clarify the transient mechanisms of the crack formation of clay soils.
Laboratory experimentation on desiccation cracking was carried out to examine experimentally the quantitative relationships
between the characteristics of soil cracks and the prevailing controlling conditions. Five desiccation cracking tests for
slurried clay soils were carried out using shrinkage moulds in a humidity chamber, which was capable of controlling relative
humidity and temperature. The soil used in the experimental studies was residual basaltic clay and was classified as a highly
reactive soil. In order to provide simple conditions for theoretical modelling, the tests were conducted in perspex and metal
moulds with rectangular cross-sections. The lengths of the moulds were considerably larger than their widths so that parallel
cracking were generated in thin layers. In each cracking test, several rectangular moulds of different thicknesses and widths
were used. Some of these tests were used for observation, crack initiation and evolution, and others for moisture content
measurement during desiccation. The test results include evolution of the cracking pattern, influences of speed of desiccation
and typical crack spacing to depth ratios for soil layers. 相似文献
17.
18.
基于Biot动力固结方程,应用Novak薄层方法研究了饱和土中单桩在水平冲击荷载作用下的动力响应问题。首先引入势函数对方程解耦,再通过算子分解和分离变量法,结合初始边界条件,并联立桩基振动微分方程,推导了Laplace变换域内桩身位移函数及内力表达式。采用Laplace逆变换的优化模型求得了时域内瞬态响应的封闭解。将该解退化到单相介质条件下的桩顶位移-时间曲线与已有的边界元方法的结果基本吻合,验证了解答的正确性。参数分析结果表明：桩-土模量比、长径比、渗透系数对桩身位移均影响显著,而同条件下长径比超过一特定值后则影响较小,且桩土模量比是影响桩身弯矩大小及其分布的重要参数。 相似文献
19.
桩-土滑动摩擦的试验研究 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：25
静力压入桩贯入地基时,桩侧表面与土之间产生滑动摩擦。通过在改进的仪器上进行的室内试验,研究了桩-土滑动摩擦及其时效性,为静压桩沉桩过程的数值模拟和承载力分析打下了基础。 相似文献
20.
考虑地基沉积过程中产生的竖向和水平向力学性质的差异,对横观各向同性地基中管桩扭转振动频域响应进行了理论研究。基于横观各向同性材料的本构关系以及桩-土耦合扭转振动,建立了桩土系统定解问题,通过Laplace变换和分离变量法求得了桩周土和桩芯土扭转振动位移形式解。通过桩-土接触面的连续条件,求得了管桩扭转频域响应解析解,并得到了桩顶复动刚度和速度导纳的表达式。将所得解退化到横观各向同性地基中实心桩解以及均匀地基中管桩解,并与已有文献进行了对比,验证了解的合理性。通过数值算例,分析了桩周土和桩芯土的横观各向同性力学参数对桩顶扭转复刚度及速度导纳的影响。 相似文献