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1.
巴丹吉林沙漠地区地物类型单一,地形起伏,形成了天然的二向反射数据集;因此,本研究利用巴丹吉林沙漠地区的ASTER GDEM产品提供的地面高程数据,计算出每个坡元所对应的太阳-观测几何信息(包括太阳天顶角与方位角和观测天顶角与方位角),假设沙丘上每个坡元的表面结构不随其坡度和坡向变化,加上Landsat-TM/ETM+对地观测的信息,就形成了对同一地物的多角度观测数据集,从而可以提取该地区的BRDF特征。为了检验该方法,利用该方法获取的BRDF特征信息模拟了25景Landsat-TM/ETM+数据,并与实际的Landsat-TM/ETM+图像进行对比分析。结果表明, Landsat-TM/ETM+前4个波段的模拟图像与真实图像地表平均反射率相比,平均误差分别为2.80%、1.92%、2.68%和2.32%,高于一般辐射定标中5%—7%的误差要求,因此本研究方法可为高分辨率数据的交叉辐射定标等应用提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
利用4种地表类型共16个地面站点的MISR 9个角度反射率数据产品和MODIS反射率数据产品(MOD09A1), 对比两种传感器获取的地表方向反射观测数据和用BRDF模型参数产品计算的方向反射数据, 分析了这两种BRDF模型参数的外推能力。研究结果表明: (1) MISR和MODIS BRDF模型参数数据产品都具有一定的对观测数据以外方向反射的外推能力, 相比用MISR BRDF模型参数数据外推到相应MODIS观测角度方向反射的结果一致性较强。(2) 采用两种BRDF模型参数推算的方向反射率与观测数据的接近程度有随观测天顶角的增大而减弱的趋势, 在观测天顶角较小时一致性较好。(3) 所用数据处理结果显示, MODIS BRDF模型参数数据产品在近垂直主平面方向反射率推算结果相比近主平面方向的推算结果更接近观测数据。  相似文献   

3.
胡昌苗  张微  冯峥  唐娉 《遥感学报》2014,18(2):267-286
全球地表覆盖遥感制图与关键技术研究项目要求对两个基准年度(2000年,2010年)的全球覆盖30 m分辨率遥感数据进行辐射处理,转换到地表反射率,数据以Landsat TM/ETM+为主,HJ-1A/B CCD数据为补充。海量数据中有些不适宜进行绝对大气校正,为了保证全球覆盖,对这些数据设计开发了一套自动的相对辐射处理及精度验证流程算法,利用相邻数据重叠区域进行相对辐射校正的方式,将数据由Oigital Number(DN)值直接转换为地表反射率,精度验证以MODIS地表反射率产品MOD09GA作为参考,比较对应波段数据的相对一致性,算法采用了图像分块处理技术及OpenMP加速技术提高效率,实际应用结果表明该算法流程可以满足项目对辐射处理精度、速度及自动化程度的要求。  相似文献   

4.
A main limitation of pixel-based vegetation indices or reflectance values for estimating above-ground biomass is that they do not consider the mixed spectral components on the earth's surface covered by a pixel. In this research, we decomposed mixed reflectance in each pixel before developing models to achieve higher accuracy in above-ground biomass estimation. Spectral mixture analysis was applied to decompose the mixed spectral components of Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery into fractional images. Afterwards, regression models were developed by integrating training data and fraction images. The results showed that the spectral mixture analysis improved the accuracy of biomass estimation of Dipterocarp forests. When applied to the independent validation data set, the model based on the vegetation fraction reduced 5–16% the root mean square error compared to the models using a single band 4 or 5, multiple bands 4, 5, 7 and all non-thermal bands of Landsat ETM+.  相似文献   

5.
Bamboo-dominated forests are unusual and interesting because their structure and biomass fluctuate in decades-long cycles corresponding to the flowering and mortality rhythm of the bamboo. In southwestern Amazonia, these forests have been estimated to occupy an area of approximately 160 000 km2, and a single reproductively synchronized patch can cover up to thousands of square kilometers. Accurate mapping of these forests is challenging, however: the forests are spatially heterogeneous, with bamboo densities varying widely among adjacent sites; much of the area is inaccessible, so field verification of bamboo presence is difficult to obtain and georeferenced records of past flowering events virtually non-existent; and detectability of the bamboo by remote sensing varies considerably during its life cycle. In this study, we develop a supervised time series segmentation approach that allows us to identify both the presence of bamboo forests and the years in which the bamboo flowering and subsequent mortality have occurred. We then apply the method to the entire Landsat TM/ETM+ archive from 1984 to the end of 2018 and validate the classification by visual interpretation of very high resolution imagery. Collecting accurate ground reference data of bamboo presence and bamboo mortality timing is notably difficult in these forests, and we therefore developed a methodology that takes advantage of imperfect reference data obtained from the Landsat time series itself. Our results show that bamboo forests can be differentiated from non-bamboo forests using any of the infrared bands, but band 5 produces the highest classification accuracy. Interestingly, there appears to be a temporal difference in the spectral responses of the three infrared bands to bamboo flowering and mortality: near infrared (band 4) reflectance reacts to the event earlier than shortwave infrared (bands 5 and 7) reflectance. The long Landsat TM/ETM+ archive allows our methodology to detect some areas with two mortality events, with a theoretical maximum interval of 29 years. Analysis of these pixels with repeated mortality confirms that the life cycles of the local bamboo species (Guadua sarcocarpa and G. weberbauerii) last typically 28 years.  相似文献   

6.
李大成  唐娉  胡昌苗  郑柯 《遥感学报》2014,18(2):307-319
Landsat 5卫星较低的时间分辨率(16天)使得其很难获得大区域的、时相一致的清晰影像数据集。本文发展了一种基于半物理模型的时空融合算法-即乘性调制融合算法,并借助多时序的MODIS反射率数据来生成多时相的Landsat TM/ETM+反射率合成影像,经镶嵌后得到区域尺度的高时空分辨率地表反射率数据集(Landsat TM/ETM+)。本文利用吉林省2006年—2011年的Landsat 5 TM地表反射率数据以及500 m的MOD09A1反射率产品来生成3个时相的Landsat 5 TM反射率合成数据,从而获得研究区在上述时相下地表反射率数据的镶嵌图。初步分析表明,所生成的Landsat 5 TM反射率数据的光谱分布特征与MOD09A1反射率数据较为一致,且图像在整体上光谱特征的连续性较好。  相似文献   

7.
基于影像的Landsat TM/ETM+数据正规化技术   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
阐述了基于影像的LandsatTM／ETM^＋的数据正规化技术及其发展。该技术通过将Landsat影像的亮度值转换成传感器处的辐射值和反射率采对影像进行辐射校正。实例表明，使用正规化技术处理后的影像可以明显削弱日照和大气的影响，去除它们产生的噪声；其所书的传感器处的反射率与地面实测反射率的RMS值非常小。  相似文献   

8.
The automated cloud cover assessment (ACCA) algorithm has provided automated estimates of cloud cover for the Landsat ETM+ mission since 2001. However, due to the lack of a band around 1.375 μm, cloud edges and transparent clouds such as cirrus cannot be detected. Use of Landsat ETM+ imagery for terrestrial land analysis is further hampered by the relatively long revisit period due to a nadir only viewing sensor. In this study, the ACCA threshold parameters were altered to minimise omission errors in the cloud masks. Object-based analysis was used to reduce the commission errors from the extended cloud filters. The method resulted in the removal of optically thin cirrus cloud and cloud edges which are often missed by other methods in sub-tropical areas. Although not fully automated, the principles of the method developed here provide an opportunity for using otherwise sub-optimal or completely unusable Landsat ETM+ imagery for operational applications. Where specific images are required for particular research goals the method can be used to remove cloud and transparent cloud helping to reduce bias in subsequent land cover classifications.  相似文献   

9.
Remotely sensed images are an important data source for the mapping of glacial landforms and the reconstruction of past glacial environments. However the results produced can differ depending on a wide range of factors related to the type of sensors used and the characteristics of the landforms being mapped. This paper uses a range of satellite imagery to explore the three main sources of variation in the mapped results: relative size, azimuth biasing and landform signal strength. Recommendations include the use of imagery illuminated with low solar elevation, although an awareness of the selective bias introduced by solar azimuth is necessary. Landsat ETM+ imagery meets the requirements for glacial landform mapping and is the recommended data source. However users may well have to consider alternative data in the form of SPOT, Landsat TM or Landsat MSS images. Digital elevation models should also be considered a valuable data source.  相似文献   

10.
In support to the Remote Sensing Survey of the global Forest Resource Assessment 2010, the TREES-3 project has processed more than 12,000 Landsat TM and ETM+ data subsets systematically distributed over the tropics. The project aims at deriving area estimates of tropical forest cover change for the periods 1990-2000-2005. The paper presents the pre-processing steps applied in an operational and robust manner to this large amount of multi-date and multi-scene imagery: conversion to top-of-atmosphere reflectance, cloud and cloud shadow detection, haze correction and image radiometric normalization. The results show that the haze correction algorithm has improved the visual appearance of the image and significantly corrected the digital numbers for Landsat visible bands, especially the red band. The impact of the normalization procedures (forest normalization and relative normalization) was assessed on 210 image pairs: in all cases the correlation between the spectral values of the same land cover in both images was improved. The developed automatic pre-processing chain provided a consistent multi-temporal data set across the tropics that will constitute the basis for an automatic object-based supervised classification.  相似文献   

11.
Surface fires are common in coalfields where coal is mined or exposed to sunlight for long durations of time. The heat energy emitted from these fires affects the signal recorded by sensors operating in the shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Landsat TM/ETM+ band-7 is sensitive to solar reflected radiation as well as emitted radiation from a target. The ‘maximum solar reflection threshold’ method proposed in this study uses the highest spectral radiance that can be attributed to solar reflection as the conservative threshold to segregate the pixels with emitted component from those with reflected component of the EM energy. Investigations with Landsat TM/ETM+ data indicate a reflectance value of 0.23–0.25 as the most representative highest reflectance (threshold) in coal mining areas. The method apparently has the advantage that it is based on the reflectance characteristics of materials (sandstone-shale mixtures) typically found in coal mining areas.  相似文献   

12.
利用BRDF原型和单方向反射率数据估算地表反照率   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
地表反照率是影响地表能量收支平衡的决定性参数之一,精确反演地表反照率需要考虑地表各向异性反射特征。本文尝试以双向反射分布函数BRDF原型为地表各向异性反射的先验知识,通过单方向反射率反演地表反照率。首先根据地面实测及MODIS多角度反射率数据对反演方法进行分析和精度评价,然后借助MODIS BRDF产品统计出研究区的主导BRDF原型,并联合环境一号卫星(HJ-1)单方向反射率数据反演30 m地表反照率,最终将结果与地表实测数据进行比较。结果表明:BRDF原型对BRDF的变化进行了约束,且能够适用于几十米尺度的遥感数据反照率的反演;不同级别的各向异性反射特征的分布是不均一的,借助于主导BRDF原型能够使大部分样本的地表反照率满足精度要求;利用研究区MODIS BRDF产品统计得到的主导BRDF原型为先验知识,通过HJ-1数据反演得到的地表反照率与地表实测反照率有较高的一致性,而朗伯假定条件下的反照率高于实测结果。本文算法简单高效,可为产生全国范围的中高分辨卫星反照率产品提供有价值的算法参考。  相似文献   

13.
基于新型水体指数(NWI)进行水体信息提取的实验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
基于遥感数据构建的水体指数模型可用于水体信息的提取。本文在对水体及其背景地物进行光谱特征分析的基础上,结合水体在近红外和中红外波段(相当于Landsat TM/ETM+影像的Band 4,Band 5和Band 7)同时具有强吸收这一典型特征,提出了一种新型的水体指数NW I(New W ater Index)。将该指数在含不同水体类型的遥感影像上进行实验,均获得了较好的提取效果。利用文献样本数据所作的实验表明,NW I具有很强的普适性,可用于水体信息的快速提取,且具有较高的精度。  相似文献   

14.
The detection of buried archaeological remains using satellite remote sensing is still an open question in archaeological research. This research investigates how the phenological stages of crops can be used support the detection of buried archaeological remains. Ground remote sensing data using the GER-1500 spectroradiometer were obtained from two sites. One site was the Neolithic settlements in central Greece and the other was in Alampra village in Cyprus. For the latter, an archaeological environment was simulated and ground spectroradiometric measurements were systematically acquired over the different phases of the phenological cycle of barley crops. The acquired in situ reflectance measurements have been converted to "in-band" reflectance values of the Landsat TM/ETM+ using the satellite relative spectral responses filters (RSR). Based on the proposed methodology, 97 Landsat MSS, TM, and ETM+ satellite images were acquired (covering a period from 1983 to 2011), for the Thessalian (Greek) site. It has been found that phenological-cycle observations can provide valuable information for identifying buried archaeological remains. Such observations may be used in cases where the spatial resolution of satellite imagery is not high and therefore cannot help support the detection of archaeological remains using standard interpretation techniques.  相似文献   

15.
The spectroradiometric retrieved reflectance of a local crop, namely, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), is directly compared to the reflectance of Landsat 5TM and 7ETM+ atmospherically corrected and uncorrected satellite images. Also, vegetation indices from the same satellite images—atmospherically corrected and uncorrected—are compared with the corresponding vegetation indices produced from field measurements using a spectroradiometer. Vegetation Indices are vital in the estimation of crop evapotransiration under standard conditions (ETc) because they are used in stochastic or empirical models for describing crop canopy parameters such as the Leaf Area Index (LAI) or crop height. ETc is finally determined using the FAO Penman-Monteith method adapted to satellite data, and is used to examine the impact of atmospheric effects. Regarding the reflectance comparison, the main problem was observed in Band 4 of Landsat 5TM and 7ETM+, where the difference, for uncorrected images, was more than 20% and statistically significant. Results regarding ETc show that omission or ineffective atmospheric corrections in Landsat 5TM,/7ETM+ satellite images always results in a water deficit when estimating crop water demand. Diminished estimated crop water requirements can result in a reduction in output or, if critical, crop failure. The paper seeks to illustrate the importance of removing atmospheric effects from satellite images designated for hydrological purposes.  相似文献   

16.
A time series of leaf area index (LAI) has been developed based on 16-day normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) at 250 m resolution (MOD250_LAI). The MOD250_LAI product uses a physical radiative transfer model which establishes a relationship between LAI, fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) and given patterns of surface reflectance, view-illumination conditions and optical properties of vegetation. In situ measurements of LAI and FVC made at 166 plots using hemispherical photography served for calibration of model parameters and validation of modelling results. Optical properties of vegetation cover, summarized by the light extinction coefficient, were computed at the local (pixel) level based on empirical models between ground-measured tree crown architecture at 85 sampling plots and spectral values in Landsat ETM+ bands. Influence of view-illumination conditions on optical properties of canopy was simulated by a view angle geometry model incorporating the solar zenith angle and the sensor viewing angle. The results revealed high compatibility of the produced MOD250_LAI data set with ground truth information and the 30 m resolution Landsat ETM+ LAI estimated using the similar algorithm. The produced MOD250_LAI was also compared with the global MODIS 1000-m LAI product (MOD15A2 LAI). Results show good consistency of the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics between the two LAI products. However, the results also showed that the annual LAI amplitude by the MOD15A2 product is significantly higher than by the MOD250_LAI. This higher amplitude is caused by a considerable underestimation of the tropical rainforest LAI by the MOD15A2 during the seasonal phases of low leaf production.  相似文献   

17.
Cyanobacterial bloom is a growing environmental problem in inland waters. In this study, we propose a method for monitoring levels of cyanobacterial blooms from Landsat/ETM+ images. The visual cyanobacteria index (VCI) is a simple index for in-situ visual interpretation of cyanobacterial blooms levels, by classifying them into six categories based on aggregation (e.g., subsurface blooms, surface scum). The floating algae index (FAI) and remote sensing reflectance in the red wavelength domain, which can be obtained from Landsat/ETM+ images, were related to the VCI for estimating cyanobacteria bloom levels from the Landsat/ETM+ images. Nine field campaigns were carried out at Lakes Nishiura and Kitaura (Lake Kasumigaura group), Japan, from June to August 2012. We also collected reflectance spectra at 20 stations for different VCI levels on August 3, 2012. The reflectance spectra were recalculated in correspondence to each ETM+ band, and used to calculate the FAI. The FAI values were then used to determine thresholds for classifying cyanobacterial blooms into different VCI levels. These FAI thresholds were validated using three Landsat/ETM+ images. Results showed that FAI values differed significantly at the respective VCI levels except between levels 1 and 2 (subsurface blooms) and levels 5 and 6 (surface scum and hyperscum). This indicated that the FAI was able to detect the high level of cyanobacteria that forms surface scum. In contrast, the Landsat/ETM+ band 3 reflectance could be used as an alternative index for distinguishing surface scum and hyperscum. Application of the thresholds for VCI classifications to three Landsat/ETM+ images showed that the volume of cyanobacterial blooms can be effectively classified into the six VCI levels.  相似文献   

18.
提出一种通过融合高空间低时间分辨率、低空间高时间分辨率地表短波反照率,来估算高时空分辨率地表短波反照率的方法。首先,利用Landsat ETM+数据,通过窄波段到宽波段的转换得到一景或多景空间分辨率较高的ETM+蓝天空短波反照率;然后,在MODIS短波反照率产品基础上,以天空光比例因子为权重,得到空间分辨率较低的MODIS蓝天空短波反照率;最后,利用STARFM(Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)模型融合ETM+短波反照率的空间变化信息和MODIS短波反照率的时间变化信息,得到高时空分辨率的地表短波反照率。针对STARFM模型在异质性区域估算精度降低的问题,通过以MODIS反照率影像各像元的端元(各地类)反照率取代MODIS像元反照率来提取时空变化等信息参与STARFM模型的融合过程,达到提高异质性区域估算精度的目的。结果显示,直接利用STARFM模型估算得到的高空间分辨率地表短波反照率处在合理的精度范围内(RMSE0.02),用改进后的STARFM模型估算得到的异质性区域短波反照率和真实ETM+短波反照率间的相关系数增大。  相似文献   

19.
A new method was developed in this study for producing a clear-sky Landsat composite for cropland from cloud-contaminated Landsat images acquired in a short time period. It used Thiel–Sen regression to normalize all Landsat scenes to a MODIS image to make all Landsat images radiometrically consistent and comparable. Pixel selection criteria combining the modified maximum vegetation index and the modified minimum visible reflectance selection methods were designed to enhance the pixel selection of land/water over cloud/shadow in the image compositing. The advantages of the method include (1) avoiding complicated atmospheric corrections but with reliable surface reflectance results, (2) being insensitive to errors induced by image co-registration uncertainties between Landsat and MODIS images, (3) avoiding the lack of samples for the regression analysis using the full Landsat scenes (rather than overlay regions), and (4) enhancing cloud/shadow detection. The composite image has MODIS-like surface reflectance, thus making MODIS algorithms applicable for retrieving biophysical parameters. The method was automatically implemented on a set of 13 cloud-contaminated (>39%) Landsat-7 (Scan-Line Corrector-Off) and Landsat-8 scenes acquired during peak growing season in a crop region of Manitoba, Canada. The result was a 95.8% cloud-free image. The method can also substantially increase the usage of cloud-contaminated Landsat data.  相似文献   

20.
本文利用多时相Landsat TM/ETM+影像分析了兖州市1998年和2002年的土地利用/覆盖变化。综合考虑波段间相关系数和OIF指数,选择最佳波段组合进行图像解译,并在此基础上运用最大似然分类器(MLC)和支持向量机(SVM)的分类方法对遥感影像进行分类。进而利用SVM分类结果进行土地利用遥感动态监测,获取兖州市土地利用/覆盖变化信息,并与社会经济统计资料的统计结果进行比较。最后提取TM/ETM+影像的RDVI,基于线性混合像元分解模型分析了植被覆盖的变化。结果表明,基于多时相TM/ETM+影像分析的土地利用/覆盖变化与实际统计数据较吻合,适合动态监测土地利用变化,且精度较高。  相似文献   

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