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1.
黄河小北干流汛期和非汛期冲淤过程模拟   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
滞后性是河流系统自动调整的重要特征之一。根据河道演变的滞后响应机制,在考虑上游来水来沙和下游侵蚀基准面(潼关高程)共同影响的基础上,建立了能够模拟河道汛期和非汛期冲淤过程的滞后响应模型,并采用黄河小北干流1960-2015年的冲淤资料进行参数率定(1960-2001年)和模型验证(2002-2015年)。结果表明该模型能较好地模拟小北干流汛期和非汛期的冲淤过程。汛期和非汛期累计冲淤量的模拟效果优于单个冲淤量;累计冲淤量和单个冲淤量的模拟效果汛期要优于非汛期。三门峡水库修建后,1960-2015年间小北干流汛期和非汛期的冲淤过程表现出时段差异。根据建立的滞后响应模型,本文分析了来水来沙和潼关高程对小北干流汛期和非汛期各个特征时段冲淤的贡献率,汛期和非汛期的第一时段(1960-1970年,1960-1968年)主要受到潼关高程的影响,但是后续时段主要受到来水来沙的影响。  相似文献   

2.
黄河宁蒙河段悬沙冲淤量时空变化及其影响因素   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
王随继  范小黎  赵晓坤 《地理研究》2010,29(10):1879-1888
通过对黄河宁蒙河段6个水文站1952~2003年间的实测悬移质泥沙资料,运用输沙平衡方法,对划分的5个时段和5个区段的悬沙冲淤量进行了计算分析,探讨宁蒙河段悬沙冲淤量的时空变化规律。黄河上游无大型水库的1952~1959年间和水库建成坝下河道充分调整后的1994~2003年间,宁蒙河段强烈淤积,年均悬沙淤积量分别为0.9588亿t/a和0.9503亿t/a;而期间的三个时段,年均悬沙分别为净侵蚀0.6127亿t/a、微淤0.0161亿t/a和较强淤积0.7475亿t/a。年均悬沙淤积量在宁蒙河段为0.345亿t/a;在宁夏河段为0.076亿t/a,其中下沿河~青铜峡区段微淤,青铜峡~石嘴山区段冲淤平衡;在内蒙古河段总和为0.269亿t/a,石嘴山~巴彦高乐、巴彦高乐~三湖河口、三湖河口~头道拐三个区段分别为0.0084亿t/a、0.113亿t/a和0.147亿t/a,沿程增大。悬沙淤积量的时间变化主要受到区间支流来沙量变化和水库建设的双重影响,而空间变化主要受到青铜峡水库拦沙以及刘家峡、龙羊峡水库消减洪峰的影响。黄河宁蒙河段处于构造沉降区,淤积是总趋势,人类活动可以引起个别时段、区段发生侵蚀,但无法改变其沉积的总趋势。  相似文献   

3.
白涛  麻蓉  马旭  哈燕萍  黄强 《中国沙漠》2018,38(3):645-650
围绕黄河上游沙漠宽谷河段“多大流量能冲动多大含沙量的泥沙”、“不同流量能冲走多少泥沙”两个关键问题,对沙漠宽谷河段的水沙阈值展开深入研究。通过分析各断面历年水量、沙量变化过程,揭示了沙漠宽谷河段各区间河段的冲淤规律,得到不同区间河段、不同含沙量情况下的水沙阈值系列。基于水量平衡原理与输沙量平衡原理,分析各断面冲沙输沙流量、含沙量与输沙量之间的关系,建立场次洪水的河道输沙量计算模型,量化水量与沙量的转化效果。通过实例计算,不考虑沙漠宽谷河段水沙调控时,头道拐站的输沙量为0.124×108 t,沙漠宽谷河段的冲刷量为0.0527×108 t,考虑水沙调控时,输沙量增加近4倍。水沙调控显著改善了沙漠宽谷河道的水沙关系,冲刷了河槽,验证了水沙阈值及输沙量计算的准确性和可靠性。  相似文献   

4.
沈逸  吴保生  王彦君  覃超  郑珊 《地理学报》2023,(11):2735-2749
1999年小浪底水库投入运用以来,黄河下游河道发生持续冲刷,其时空变化过程复杂。基于滞后响应模型单步模式推导得到了黄河下游累计冲淤量的计算公式,2000—2020年计算值与实测值之间的决定系数R2达0.99。当前,黄河下游处于持续冲刷之中,冲刷速度逐渐变慢,当前时段的平衡值与计算值的差异减小,河床冲刷正在逐渐趋向于平衡。基于悬移质泥沙不平衡输沙方程得到了黄河下游主槽单位河长累计冲刷量空间分布的计算公式,2003—2015年计算值与实测值之间的决定系数R2在0.98~0.99之间,相对误差多年平均值为6.2%。结果表明,在当前黄河下游来沙减少,河道发生持续冲刷的背景下,就多年平均情况而言,累计淤积量调整完成一半所需的时间约为3.0 a,完成95%所需的时间约为13.0 a;且随着冲刷的持续发展,黄河下游累计冲刷量的空间分布在逐渐趋于均匀。本文的结果可为分析黄河下游复杂时空变化过程提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
半干旱区不同类型沙丘风沙流结构特征   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
采用两种阶梯式集沙仪和小型气象站于2017年4—5月对科尔沁沙地流动沙丘、半固定沙丘和固定沙丘0~75 cm气流层风沙流的总输沙量、输沙率、粒径组成分布和风蚀特征值进行了观测。结果表明:(1)随着高度增加,总输沙量下降,随着风速增加,总输沙量上升;92.20%~95.60%的输沙量发生在0~21 cm高度。(2)总输沙率(Q)流动沙丘>半固定沙丘>固定沙丘,将Q与地上200 cm风速进行函数拟合,流动沙丘幂函数最佳(R2=0.986),半固定(R2=0.990)和固定沙丘(R2=0.956)指数函数最佳。(3)将各高度的输沙率与地上200 cm风速进行函数拟合,流动沙丘(R2≥0.905)和半固定沙丘(R2≥0.968)拟合度幂函数好于指数函数,固定沙丘(R2≥0.923)指数函数优于幂函数。(4)在一定高度下,3类沙丘输沙率均随着风速的增加而增加;在一定风速下,输沙率随着高度的增加而逐渐递减。(5)3类沙丘的特征值随着风速的增加呈现出逐渐递增的趋势;流动沙丘以λ>1为主,表现出持续侵蚀输送沙粒的能力;半固定沙丘当风速>9.0 m·s-1时逐渐出现侵蚀状态;固定沙丘以λ<1为主,近地表风沙以堆积状态为主。(6)3类沙丘主要由粒径为0.1~0.25 mm的细沙构成,在0~30 cm高度,细沙占输沙量的50.09%~85.11%,在30~75 cm高度,细沙占输沙量的43.53%~75.53%。  相似文献   

6.
许炯心 《地理科学》2016,36(6):837-845
冲积河流平滩流量既反映了河道尺度上的水文-地貌耦合关系,又与流域因素密切相关。从这一概念出发,以黄河上游内蒙古河段为例,研究了平滩流量的变化,并在流域层面与河道层面上对其成因进行了研究。结果表明:上游水库调节改变了出库流量过程,使汛期流量大幅度减小,泄流过程均匀化,因而平滩流量减小。在龙羊峡水库修建后洪水流量减小导致漫滩机遇降低的情形下,泥沙淤在主槽内,也是平滩流量减小的重要原因。泥沙冲淤对于平滩流量的影响存在着某种累积或滞后效应,巴彦高勒平滩流量Qbf,BY不仅与当年的冲淤量有关,还与以前冲淤量有关,前4 a平均淤积量对平滩流量的影响最大。建立了平滩流量与前4 a累计淤积量、年均流量、年最大日流量的多元回归方程,该方程表明平滩流量既与当年的流量特征相联系,也与一定时间尺度上河道冲淤造成的后果相联系,反映了某种水文地貌耦合关系。研究还表明,存在着以下因果关系链:龙羊峡水库修建→汛期来沙系数增大→河道淤积加强→平滩流量减小。因此,通过改变龙羊峡水库的运用方式,增大汛期下泄流量,可以减小河道淤积、增大平滩流量,从而增大下泄洪水的能力,降低凌汛期间的防洪压力。平滩流量的变化是流域因素变化的结果,所建立的多元回归方程表明,在50 a的时间尺度上,暖干化指标的增大、引水率的增大、水库总库容的增大和天然径流系数的减小,是黄河上游平滩流量减小的原因。  相似文献   

7.
宋城城  王军 《地理学报》2014,69(11):1683-1696
利用长江口1982-2010年间4个年份的高精度实测地形数据、大通站输沙量数据以及河口工程建设信息等,分3个阶段研究了长江口整体冲淤规律、不同分区冲淤变化时空差异、重点断面垂向冲淤特征、水下三角洲重要区域 (崇明东滩、横沙浅滩、九段沙以及南汇东滩) 的演变趋势与受控因素。结果表明:(1) 近30年长江口整体上表现为略微冲刷,冲刷面积占51.83%,在3个阶段中呈现出“冲刷—淤积—再冲刷”的冲淤演化态势,且冲淤变化时空差异显著,仅长江北港区为持续冲刷。(2) 崇明东滩和横沙浅滩东侧和北侧、九段沙北侧以及南汇东滩的5 m以浅区域以垂向淤积为主,而崇明东滩和横沙浅滩南侧、九段沙东侧和南侧的5 m以浅区域则以垂向冲刷为主。(3) 长江口重要区域2 m和5 m等深线包络面积整体上是不断增加的,1982-2010年时段内年均增加量分别为10.42 km2/a和7.99 km2/a,但各分区则表现不一致;10 m等深线包络面积在整体上及各个分区内均表现为明显减小;15 m等深线包络面积变幅较小,基本保持稳定状态;(4) 受河口工程建设影响,仅崇明东滩水下三角洲等深线包络面积减小的趋势与大通站输沙量减少趋势相同。主要结论:从长江口水下三角洲等深线包络面积和分布形态的变化看,基于目前上游输沙量持续减少的宏观自然背景下,大规模的河口工程建设对近年来长江口水下三角洲演变的控制作用日益明显。  相似文献   

8.
黄河内蒙古段土壤风蚀特征模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采集黄河内蒙古段风沙土、灰漠土、棕钙土和灌淤土,在室内进行土壤理化性质测定和风洞模拟试验。对比分析了4种土壤的理化性质和不同风速及含水量条件下的风蚀特征,并量化了不同土壤的风蚀强度与土壤理化性质间关系。结果表明:(1)相对于棕钙土和灌淤土,风沙土和灰漠土易蚀性颗粒含量较大,团聚体、有机质和碳酸钙含量较低,但相同风速和含水量条件下平均风蚀强度风沙土>棕钙土>灰漠土>灌淤土。(2)不同土壤风蚀强度与风速均呈较好的幂函数关系(R2≥0.85,P<0.05),尤其是风沙土和棕钙土,幂函数关系明显优于指数函数。(3)除灰漠土,土壤风蚀强度与土壤含水量均呈较好指数函数关系(R2>0.90,P<0.05),风沙土和灰漠土的风蚀强度突降的含水量临界点在4.5%左右,灌淤土和棕钙土无明显临界点。(4)不同土壤输沙率均随距地表高度的增加而急剧减少。在距地表10 cm范围内,不同土壤输沙率占总输沙率比例风沙土(82.67%)>灰漠土(80.77%)>灌淤土(74.07%)>棕钙土(73.77%),当距地表大于30 cm后,集沙仪中基本收集不到风沙土和灰漠土风蚀颗粒。当轴心风速为16 m·s-1时,不同土壤风沙流结构均表现为单峰曲线。(5)不同土壤风蚀强度与风速、含水量、团聚体、易蚀性颗粒和黏粒含量均呈较强的非线性相关关系(R2=0.76,P<0.05)。易蚀性颗粒含量是影响风蚀强度最主要的土壤属性,其次是干团聚体和黏粒含量。  相似文献   

9.
黄河内蒙古河段冲淤演变及其影响因素   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
冲淤平衡的河流具有调整河床变形使之趋向不变形的特性,这种特性必然反映在河床横断面冲淤演变的趋势之中。据此,采用横断面冲淤指标跟踪计算法生成黄河上游巴彦高勒、三湖河口站1976-2006 年的横断面冲淤演变时间序列,对该长期序列的趋势变化和突变特点进行分析后发现:内蒙古河床演变明显存在3 个阶段,即演变相对稳定阶段、河床快速萎缩变形阶段和新的相对稳定阶段,以及孔兑来沙大的年份是横断面冲淤面积趋势改变的时间。大型水库修建后,孔兑来沙对河道横断面冲淤趋势变化的影响更加显著,表明近年来大洪水缺失和孔兑来沙的共同作用是导致河床萎缩的重要根源。90 年代中后期横断面冲淤演变再次发生突变之后,内蒙河段进入到一个新的相对稳定期,河床边界条件已经和来水来沙条件相适应,因此在新的稳定条件下,如何治理内蒙河道的淤积萎缩值得探讨。  相似文献   

10.
渭河下游河流输沙需水量计算   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
基于对河流输沙运动特性的分析,认为最小河流输沙需水量是当河流输沙基本上处于冲淤平衡状态时输送单位重量的泥沙所需要的水的体积,通过河段进口即上游断面水流挟沙力 (Su*) 与含沙量 (Su) 比较,分Su ≤ Su*和Su > Su*两种情况,分别建立了最小河段输沙需水量的计算方法。并应用该方法对渭河下游输沙需水量做了计算。计算的空间尺度为渭河下游的咸阳、临潼、华县三个断面,时间尺度为四个代表年的年内月均需水量,分p = 25% (1963年)、p = 50% (1990年)、p = 75% (1982年)、p = 90% (1979年)。计算结果分析表明:渭河各断面汛期月均输沙需水量大于非汛期月均输沙需水量。相较而言,在不同代表年的汛期和非汛期,从咸阳断面至华县断面输沙需水量在增加。在丰水年 (p = 25%),渭河下游咸阳、临潼、华县等3个断面年输沙需水量分别为63.67亿m3、97.95亿m3和103.25亿m3;在平水年 (p = 50%),渭河下游咸阳、临潼、华县等3个断面年输沙需水量分别为49.71亿m3、83.27亿m3和85.08亿m3;在枯水年 (p = 75%),渭河下游咸阳、临潼、华县等3个断面年输沙需水量分别为30.17亿m3、55.14亿m3和65.32亿m3;在特枯水年 (p = 90%),渭河下游咸阳、临潼、华县等3个断面年输沙需水量分别为23.96亿m3、37.91亿m3和38.92亿m3。由丰水年到枯水年,渭河下游各断面年输沙需水量变小。  相似文献   

11.
Based on an empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of “more input, more output” for sediment-laden flow in rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can take into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical runoff for sediment initiation, and the differences in sediment particle sizes between the mainstream and tributaries. Then, sediment load equations for non-flood and flood seasons for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai, as well as the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai, were formulated based on data collected between 1952 and 2010. The corresponding sediment deposition and the cumulative values at each river reach were calculated using the proposed sediment transport equations for the period 1952 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Comparisons between the calculated and measured values using the proposed sediment load equations for the sub-reaches and the entire reach showed that the calculated sediment load and sediment deposition and the corresponding cumulative values in the flood and non-flood seasons were in good agreement with the measured values. These results indicated that the proposed methods can be applied to calculate the sediment load and the associated sediment deposition in the flood and non-flood seasons for long-term trend analysis of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.  相似文献   

12.
Based on an empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of "more input, more output" for sediment-laden flow in rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can take into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical runoff for sediment initiation, and the differences in sediment particle sizes between the mainstream and tributaries. Then, sediment load equations for non-flood and flood seasons for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai, as well as the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai, were formulated based on data collected between 1952 and 2010. The corresponding sediment deposition and the cumulative values at each river reach were calculated using the proposed sediment transport equations for the period 1952 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Comparisons between the calculated and measured values using the proposed sediment load equations for the sub-reaches and the entire reach showed that the calculated sediment load and sediment deposition and the corresponding cumulative values in the flood and non-flood seasons were in good agreement with the measured values. These results indicated that the proposed methods can be applied to calculate the sediment load and the associated sediment deposition in the flood and non-flood seasons for long-term trend analysis of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.  相似文献   

13.
The Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River face problems of severe sedimentation caused by a variety of complex factors. The sedimentation process in those reaches has been characterized using the sediment balance method, and the key factors affecting the process have been analyzed using the correlation analysis method. The results show that during the period 1952–2012 the Bayangaole (Bayan Gol) to Toudaoguai reaches in Inner Mongolia have undergone successive processes of accumulative sedimentation, then relative balance, and then accumulative sedimentation once again. The total annual sedimentation is 12.0341×108 m3, of which accumulations from July to October account for 95.1% and the reaches from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai account for 98.5%. The main factor affecting scouring and sedimentation of the Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou reaches is the combined water and sediment condition. The critical conditions for equilibrium are an incoming sediment coefficient < 0.007 kg·s·m–6 and a flow discharge > 700 m3·s–1. The main factor affecting scouring and sedimentation of the Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai reaches is the incoming sediment from the tributaries on the south bank and the combined water and sediment condition of the main stream. The critical conditions of the main stream for maintaining equilibrium status are a flow discharge of the main stream exceeding 800 m3·s–1 and a comprehensive incoming sediment coefficient < 0.005 kg·s·m–6. The incoming sediment from the tributaries has little impact on the main stream when the annual sediment load is less than 0.1×108 t. The incoming sediment coefficient of the main stream and the incoming sediment from the tributaries both play vital roles in the riverbed evolution of the Inner Mongolia reaches, but the latter contributes the most.  相似文献   

14.
The application of dams built upstream will change the input conditions, including water and sediment, of downstream fluvial system, and destroy previous dynamic quasi-equilibrium reached by channel streamflow, so indispensable adjustments are necessary for downstream channel to adapt to the new water and sediment supply, leading the fluvial system to restore its previous equilibrium or reach a new equilibrium. Using about 50-year-long hydrological, sedimentary and cross-sectional data, temporal response processes of Toudaoguai cross-section located in the upper Yellow River to the operation of reservoirs built upstream are analyzed. The results show that the Toudaoguai cross-section change was influenced strongly by upstream reservoir operation and downstream channel bed armoring thereafter occurred gradually and extended to the reach below Sanhuhekou gauging station. Besides, median diameter of suspended sediment load experienced a three-stage change that is characterized by an increase at first, then a decrease and an increase again finally, which reflects the process of channel bed armoring that began at Qingtongxia reservoir and then gradually developed downstream to the reach below Sanhuhekou cross-section. Since the joint operation strategy of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Qingtongxia reservoirs was introduced in 1986, the three-stage change trend has become less evident than that in the time period between 1969 and 1986 when only Qingtongxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs were put into operation alone. In addition, since 1987, the extent of lateral migration and thalweg elevation change at Toudaoguai cross-section has reduced dramatically, cross-sectional profile and location tended to be stable, which is beneficial to the normal living for local people.  相似文献   

15.
重庆主城区河段河道泥沙冲淤事关防洪、航运及码头作业等,是三峡水库泥沙问题的重点内容之一。本文依据原型观测资料,以三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水前后河段的泥沙冲淤规律为基础,结合河床组成分析和一维数学模型,计算提出河段悬移质泥沙走沙基本条件,并应用于减淤调度实践中。结果表明:① 三峡水库175 m试验性蓄水后至2012年重庆主城区河段河床冲刷强度下降,主走沙期推迟至汛前消落期,2013年后上游来沙减少使得河床冲刷强度再次增大;② 当寸滩站流量大于4000 m 3/s、坝前水位低于167 m时,河段开始走沙;当寸滩站流量增大至超过5000 m 3/s、坝前水位下降至163 m时,河段走沙能力增强;加大水库自163 m水位的消落速度,能够避免库尾河段产生累积性淤积。  相似文献   

16.
The influence of ecological technology measures on the annual sediment loads of rivers complies with the principles of statistics. In this paper, the annual sediment load of the Wuding River is taken as the dependent variable and the rainfall, rainstorms during the flood period of the Wuding River and areas of ecological technology measures are taken as the independent variables to analyze the influence of ecological technology measures on the annual sediment load of the Wuding River during the years 1956 to 2007. This research uses a stepwise regression method. The result shows that 1) the non-linear regression equation composed of three independent variables including 7-8 monthly rainfalls along the Wuding River, areas of ecological technology measures and maximum daily rainfall along the Wuding River has been calculated and set up; the correlation coefficient is R2=0.857 and the significance level is α=0.001. 2) R2=0.717 is adjusted and the regression equation reveals a change of annual sediment load exceeding 71.7% over 52 years; 3) The standardized regression coefficient for ecological technology measure area has the maximum absolute value of the three independent variables shows maximum influence on the change of annual sediment load; and 4) Because of implementing the ecological technology measures, until to year of 2007, when the 7-8 monthly rainfall and maximum daily rainfall are the maximum values in the research section, the annual sediment load is calculated as 149million ton, which is 36% of the maximum value in the history.  相似文献   

17.
陆苗  许有鹏  高斌  周才钰 《地理学报》2021,76(11):2685-2696
在水利工程建设及其人为调度的影响下,平原河网水系连通程度发生了巨大变化。为此,针对平原河网区水文连通难以模拟的问题,在现有水系结构连通的基础上,将水利工程的运行纳入水文连通的评价体系,提出一种适用于平原河网区水利工程调控下的水文连通评价指数(SLCI)。该指数从水闸通过概率、水流分流能力及河网连通程度,从点—线—面分尺度逐步评价不同调度规则下汛期与非汛期水文连通的动态变化。并且,该指数以格网为评价单元,结合反映地理要素空间集聚性的Getis-Ord Gi*指数,相比行政单元、水利片区等大尺度评价单元,能够更精细地描述水文连通空间上的分异性。太湖流域武澄锡虞区是一个典型的平原河网区,本指数在该区域进行了应用,得到以下结果:受到水闸调控的作用,武澄锡虞区非汛期时平均水文连通指数为0.66,汛期时平均水文连通指数则为0.50。另外,非汛期时水文连通集聚空间范围比汛期时高5%。其中,非汛期与汛期连通高值区SLCI值分别为0.93与0.87,低值区SLCI值分别为0.25与0.16。本文提出的水文连通评价指数可为有关部门开展长三角地区水系建设工作提供理论支撑,也为开展人为调控下平原河网区水文连通评价提供新思路。  相似文献   

18.
提高黄河下游游荡段的输沙能力是河道治理的主要任务,而河道输沙效率(排沙比)受到来水来沙条件和河床边界条件的共同影响。本文基于1971—2016年花园口—高村河段(简称花高段)的实测水沙及地形资料,计算了花高段的平均河相系数及水沙条件(来沙系数和水流冲刷强度),从汛期和场次洪水2个时间尺度,定量分析了排沙比与水沙条件及前一年汛后主槽形态之间的响应关系。分析结果表明:① 汛期和场次洪水排沙比与来沙系数呈负相关,与水流冲刷强度呈正相关,临界的汛期不淤来沙系数为0.012 kg?s/m 6,场次洪水排沙比与来沙系数及水量比的决定系数为0.76;② 游荡段排沙比与河相系数呈负相关,当河相系数大于15 /m 0.5时,河段排沙比基本小于1;③ 以来沙系数与河相系数为自变量的汛期排沙比计算式的决定系数为0.82,计算精度较高,对于场次洪水排沙比而言,断面形态的影响权重大于来沙系数。这些排沙比计算公式能够反映游荡段的输沙特点,有助于定量掌握断面形态及水沙条件对河道输沙能力的影响。  相似文献   

19.
2002年开始的黄河调水调沙改变了进入黄河口的水沙条件,必然引起尾闾河道地貌的显著调整。根据黄河尾闾河道利津以下的断面实测高程数据,建立基于正交曲线网格的河道DEM,结合河床形态与水沙条件变化,综合研究黄河尾闾河道冲淤的时空演变及其影响因素。结果表明,调水调沙以来尾闾河道冲刷明显,2002—2017年累计冲刷6240万m 3,根据冲淤速率可以分为3个阶段:快速冲刷阶段(2002—2005年)冲刷速率为1443万m 3/a;冲刷减慢阶段(2006—2014年)冲刷速率为139万m 3/a;以及淤积阶段(2015—2017年),淤积速率为263万m 3/a。其中,调水调沙初始4年尾闾河道的冲刷量占总冲刷量的80%,2006年以后冲刷强度逐渐减弱,甚至转为淤积。从季节上看,主要表现为汛期冲刷,非汛期淤积;从空间上看,越往口门方向,冲刷强度越小。调水调沙改变了入海水沙的年内分配,造成了尾闾河道的持续冲刷,入海流路也发生多次调整。但经过多年冲刷,河床整体下切,加上河口淤积延伸影响,调水调沙对尾闾河道的冲刷效率在持续降低。受河口海域淤积影响,近口门段在经历冲刷后转为淤积,河道纵比降减缓,增加了尾闾的不稳定性。  相似文献   

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