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1.
水合物沉积物力学性质的三维离散元分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水合物沉积物力学特性研究是天然气水合物开采领域中的热点问题。为深入了解水合物对沉积物力学特性的影响,在提出一个新的水合物沉积物离散元数值试样制备方法的基础上,模拟了不同水合物饱和度沉积物试样的三轴排水试验,并从其应力-应变关系、体变特性、弹性模量及峰值强度等方面对模拟结果及已有室内三轴试验结果进行了对比,然后利用该方法对具有不同微观胶结参数的水合物沉积物样进行了三轴离散元数值试验。研究结果表明：所提出的离散元模拟方法能较好地反映水合物沉积物的主要力学特性;天然气水合物与土颗粒间胶结性能的改变会对水合物沉积物的力学响应产生一定的影响;水合物沉积物强度和模量的增加是孔隙填充水合物和粒间胶结水合物共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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天然沉积饱和黏土渗透系数试验研究与预测模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究天然沉积土的物理特性、结构状态与应力水平对其渗透特性的影响,采用固结渗透联合试验,对太湖湖沼相粉质黏土原状样与具有不同前期固结压力的重塑样的渗透系数变化规律进行了测定。原状样和重塑样的渗透系数均随固结压力的增大呈非线性减小,且两者的孔隙比与渗透系数的变化模式相一致;而前期固结压力仅影响渗透系数大小。试验结果表明：土体渗透系数随孔隙比的变化规律不受土结构性（颗粒间胶结作用）和应力历史的影响;对于同一土体,渗透系数大小主要由孔隙比决定,进而对试验和相关文献中不同土体渗透系数在压缩过程中变化规律进行了分析,建立了线性的lg(1+e)-lgkv渗透模型,并考虑了液限的影响,对渗透指数 的经验关系进行了修正,修正后的 计算结果更接近于实测值。研究结果对准确分析原位地基实际受荷过程中非线性固结性状具有重要意义。 相似文献
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K. GERMANN 《Sedimentology》1969,12(3-4):257-277
SUMMARY
Dolomitic intraclastic sediments intercalated in a cyclic limestone-dolostone sequence of the Wettersteinkalk represent a rock type with reworking fabrics demonstrating early lithification and dolomitization. The extreme flatness and the angularity of the pebble-sized doloclasts, the lack in plastically deformed dolomitic fragments, and clasts of previously cementated arenites and oncolites testify to a pre-reworking consolidation which, besides biogenic stabilization and dehydration, requires an early cementation. In the different types of doloclasts cementation both by dolomite and by calcite has been confirmed by stained peels and thin-sections, electron-microphotographs, and electron-microprobe analysis.
The prevailing rock type, a very poorly sorted mixture of doloclasts and minor amounts of rounded limeclasts with a pelletal calcite mud matrix is interpreted as storm sediment formed by the introduction of subtidal lime muds to dolomite incrusted supratidal flats. 相似文献
Dolomitic intraclastic sediments intercalated in a cyclic limestone-dolostone sequence of the Wettersteinkalk represent a rock type with reworking fabrics demonstrating early lithification and dolomitization. The extreme flatness and the angularity of the pebble-sized doloclasts, the lack in plastically deformed dolomitic fragments, and clasts of previously cementated arenites and oncolites testify to a pre-reworking consolidation which, besides biogenic stabilization and dehydration, requires an early cementation. In the different types of doloclasts cementation both by dolomite and by calcite has been confirmed by stained peels and thin-sections, electron-microphotographs, and electron-microprobe analysis.
The prevailing rock type, a very poorly sorted mixture of doloclasts and minor amounts of rounded limeclasts with a pelletal calcite mud matrix is interpreted as storm sediment formed by the introduction of subtidal lime muds to dolomite incrusted supratidal flats. 相似文献
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Rakesh J. Pillai I. Bushra R. G. Robinson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(2):801-808
Clays treated with lower cement contents often exhibit behaviour similar to stiff clays with planar failure surface under triaxial compression. In the present work the behaviour of a marine clay treated with 5 % cement, subjected to undrained triaxial compression tests is studied. The pre-consolidation pressure of the cemented clay due to the cementation bonding is observed to be very high. It is attempted to model the behaviour of cement treated clay using a bounding surface plasticity formulation as the plastic behaviour of the cemented clays within the yield surface has to be considered. The effect of cementation is included in the model as the pre-consolidation pressure obtained from consolidation tests. The tensile strength due to cementation bonds is included in the equation of the bounding surface. Simulations of the undrained triaxial compression tests on cemented clays are carried out and the results are validated with the experimental results. 相似文献
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Cemented coarse-grained alluvium is present in a vast area of Tehran city, Iran including its suburbs. This deposit consists of gravely sand to sandy gravel with some cobbles and is dominantly cemented by carbonaceous materials. In order to understand the mechanical behaviour of this soil, a series of triaxial compression tests were performed on uncemented, artificially cemented and destructured samples. Hydrated lime was used as the cementation agent for sample preparation to model the Tehran deposit. The tests were performed on cemented samples after an appropriate time for curing. The tests on cemented samples show that a shear zone appears as the shear stress approaches the peak shear strength. During shearing these samples undergo dilation at confining stress lower than 1000kPa. However, the uncemented and destructured samples show contraction during shearing. Peak shear strength is followed by strain softening for all cemented samples. The shear strength increases with increasing cement content but the influence of the cementation decreases as the confining stress increases. With increasing cementation the stress-strain behaviour of samples tend towards the behaviour expected of high-density soils. Test results indicate that the failure envelope for cemented samples is curved and not linear. 相似文献
6.
The behaviour of an artificially cemented sandy gravel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The major section of the city of Tehran, Iran has been developed on cemented coarse-grained alluvium. This deposit consists of gravely sand to sandy gravel with some cobbles and is dominantly cemented by carbonaceous materials. In order to understand the mechanical behaviour of this soil, a series of undrained triaxial compression tests and unconfined compression tests were performed on uncemented and artificially cemented samples. Portland cement type I was used as the cementation agent for preparing artificially cemented samples. Uncemented samples and lightly cemented samples (1.5% cement) tested at high confining pressure showed contractive behaviour accompanied with positive excess pore water pressure and a barrelling failure mode. However, cemented samples and uncemented samples tested at low confining pressure (25 and 50 kN/m2) showed dilative behaviour accompanied with negative excess pore water pressure. Shear zones were formed in these samples and a clear peak in excess pore water pressure and stress ratio against strain could be observed. Test results showed that the limiting stress ratio surface for cemented samples is curved and expands as the cementation and density increase. Unconfined compression strength of cemented samples increases with increases in cementation and density as well. 相似文献
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三维离散元单轴试验模拟甲烷水合物宏观三轴强度特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
填充型水合物的砂性能源土试样可视为特殊的散粒体材料,即砂粒和水合物颗粒混合物,具有明显的非连续特征。为研究填充型水合物的能源土力学特性,初步探索了甲烷水合物在不同温度、反压条件下加荷模式的离散元模拟方法。离散元模拟中,将水合物块体视为由大量颗粒通过强胶结作用凝聚而成的整体,室内试验中的内部孔隙水压作用转化为水合物颗粒间的胶结力,故需要合理确定颗粒间胶结模型参数来实现反压的影响作用。通过参数反演建立了宏观强度、刚度参数与平行胶结模型的微观胶结参数间的宏、微观关系,基于已有室内甲烷水合物三轴试验资料,确定了给定温度和反压条件下的微观胶结参数取值,随后进行离散元单轴压缩试验。离散元单轴压缩试验模拟获得的水合物强度特性,与室内三轴试验结果符合较好;通过建立的宏、微观参数间的关系,实现了不同温度、反压下的水合物加荷模式的模拟。为进一步提出深海能源土离散元数值试验成样方法--孔隙填充水合物生成技术,形成含填充型水合物的能源土试样,研究其力学和变形特性奠定基础。 相似文献
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Techniques have been developed to prepare reasonably homogeneous, reproducible bulk samples of a kaolinite clay (Hydrite 10) with predetermined microfabrics and to reliably identify these microfabrics both quantitatively and qualitatively. Eight samples with quite diverse histories were produced in the laboratory by controlling the chemistry of the clay-water system, the consolidation stress path (either isotropic or anisotropic), and the magnitude of the consolidation stresses. The fabrics of these samples are identified and quantified by the combined use of scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry, and reasonably comprehensive appraisals of particle associations and orientation are obtained. Anisotropic consolidation was found to induce a preferred particle orientation, whereas isotropic consolidation tended to provide basically random samples. The anisotropically consolidated samples from dispersed slurries exhibited somewhat greater particle orientation than those from flocculated slurries, and, although considerable particle orientation occurred at low values of the consolidation stress, increases in the major principal consolidation stress did accentuate the particle orientation. The presence of domains or small groups of particles is suggested in certain samples, especially in those consolidated isotropically. 相似文献
11.
Adel W. Felestteen Maher I. El-Soughier Mustafa S. Mohamed Mostafa N. S. Monged 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3467-3480
A total of 51 samples, collected from the Jurassic sediments (Ras Qattara, Yakout, Khatatba, Masajid, and Alam El Bueib (member 6) formations) of Salam-3X well, were subjected to organic geochemical analysis. Of the samples, nine have been subjected to palynofacies investigation. Based on the sedimentary organic matter, these sediments show only one palynofacies type, indicating the presence of gas- and oil-prone source rocks and reflecting deposition under marginal dysoxic–anoxic to shelf-to-basin transition conditions. The total organic content of the samples analyzed is characterized by a wide range of content, including fair, good, very good, and excellent. The organic matter quality of these samples is concentrated around types III (gas prone), III–II (gas and oil prone), and II (oil prone), reflecting gas- and oil-prone sediments, with a tendency to generate gas rather than oil; the result matches with the palynological analysis data. The temperature of maximum pyrolytic hydrocarbon generation of analyzed samples are ranging between 440 and 457 °C, reflecting thermally mature organic matter. 相似文献
12.
Chemical and mechanical processes during burial diagenesis of chalk: an interpretation based on specific surface data of deep-sea sediments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Burial diagenesis of chalk is a combination of mechanical compaction and chemical recrystallization as well as cementation. We have predicted the characteristic trends in specific surface resulting from these processes. The specific surface is normally measured by nitrogen adsorption but is here measured by image analysis of scanning electron micrographs. This method concentrates on the micritic matrix alone. Deep-sea sediments are ideally suited to the study of burial diagenesis because they accumulate in a relatively conservative tectonic setting. We used material from the Ontong Java Plateau in the Pacific, where a > 1 km thick package of chalk facies sediments accumulated from the Cretaceous to the present. In the upper 200–300 m the sediment is unconsolidated carbonate ooze, throughout this depth interval compaction is the principal porosity reducing agent, but recrystallization has an equal or larger influence on the textural development. In the chalk interval below, compaction is not the only porosity reducing agent but it has a larger influence on texture than concurrent recrystallization. Below 850 m grain-bridging cementation becomes important resulting in a lithified limestone below 1100 m. This interpretation is based on specific surface data alone, and modifies current diagenetic models. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Pebble fabric data are available from several facies of glacigenic sediments deposited by modern glaciers, where sedimentary processes can be observed or inferred with relatively little ambiguity. Over 100 samples from contemporary environments illustrate fabrics characterizing melt-out till, deformed and undeformed lodgement till, sediment flow deposits and ice slope colluvium. Lodgement till fabric variability is related to the two-layer structure of these sediments; a structureless, friable upper layer with low shear strength and high consolidation coefficient, overlying a very compact material of horizontal platy structure. Fabric strength (assessed by eigenvalue analysis) is weaker and pebble dip is more dispersed in the upper structureless horizon. Stronger fabrics in the lower platy horizon may be primary depositional fabrics which are destroyed by subglacial shearing to give weaker fabrics in the upper horizon. Alternatively, upper horizon fabrics may be characteristic of all recently-deposited lodgement tills, with stronger fabrics developing at depth by dewatering and consolidation. There is a general reduction in fabric strength and an increase in particle dip associated with the transition from melt-out tills, through undeformed and deformed lodgement tills, to sediment flow deposits and ice slope colluvium. There is, however, considerable overlap in the fabric strengths characteristic of sediment flow deposits and deformed lodgement tills. Fabric data from modern glacial sedimentary facies are used to assist in interpreting the mode of deposition of some Quaternary glacial sediments. Relatively strong fabrics characteristic of melt-out tills and undeformed lodgement tills are more likely to be diagnostic of genesis than weaker fabrics associated with deformed sediments. 相似文献
14.
为了研究现场施工工艺下水泥土的强度及变形特性,对水泥搅拌桩钻孔芯样进行了无侧限抗压强度试验与三轴试验,分析了水泥掺量与围压对水泥土芯样强度、变形特性的影响规律。结果表明：随着水泥掺量的提高,水泥土芯样的强度明显增强,变形模量显著增大,但其破坏应变变小,脆性增大;水泥掺量超过18%的水泥土芯样其应力-应变关系表现为软化型,随着围压的提高,其强度增强,破坏应变增大,脆性降低,且应力-应变关系曲线有可能发生转型;不同围压下的水泥土芯样三轴试验先为体缩,后变化为体胀,发生剪胀的应变较破坏应变略小,是由剪切面上颗粒错动引起的,在颗粒错动达到一定程度后抗剪强度才发挥到峰值;水泥土的结构屈服应力比较大,在围压的作用下其胶结结构未发生破损,强度包线满足摩尔-库仑线性强度规律;根据水泥土的强度变形特征,应力-应变全曲线分弹性、塑性、软化3个阶段,可采用Popovics模型对其进行模拟,与试验结果较为吻合。 相似文献
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利用自行研制的高压固结试验系统,对重塑黏土试样进行了竖向压力从0.25 MPa到12.00 MPa的一维固结试验;并利用三轴设备对该土样进行了0.3～2.5 MPa的等向固结试验。试验结果表明：一维固结试验获得的各级压力固结曲线均有明显的次固结阶段,重塑黏土的次固结系数随竖向压力增大而非线性变化;具体而言,当固结压力小于2 MPa,次固结系数随竖向压力增大而显著减小,当固结压力大于2 MPa后,次固结系数则几乎不变;等向固结试验获得的次固结系数则远小于一维固结试验获得的相应值,其随固结压力的变化规律也与一维固结不同。此外,从微观角度对试验结果进行的分析表明,高压下黏土次固结变形的物理机制不同于低压。即低压下黏土次固结变形的主因是颗粒间的相对滑移,而高压下则是结合水膜的蠕变;而且低压下偏应力对次固结变形有控制性影响,但高压下其影响很小。 相似文献
16.
Thomas Mutschler Utz Kramar Maximiliano R. Vergara Theodoros Triantafyllidis 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(4):835-847
The fraction of swelling-type clay minerals (smectites) is a first measure to estimate the swelling potential of natural rocks. This swelling potential is only activated if water can be incorporated in the sheet silicates. The samples studied in this work are volcanic rocks from the Southern Andes. According to the petrographic and mineralogical studies, the rocks are characterized as vulcanite with high content of smectite. Undisturbed samples showed minor swelling behaviour in conventional swelling tests, although X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis revealed swelling clay contents of more than 70 % in some samples. Powder swelling tests were performed on ground and recompacted rock samples. The results of these tests show a better agreement with those expected according to the mineralogical composition of the samples. The reason for the non-activation of the swelling potential in undisturbed samples was suspected to be the influence of the iron-oxide/hydroxide content, which was on average around 11 %. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the edge terminations of the clay particles are coated with hematite. The hydrophobic properties of hematite impede the access of water between the interlayers of the clay minerals and, in addition, hematite cementation prevents the expansion. In a further series of swelling tests water was replaced by a reducing solution (0.1 molar hydroxylammonium chloride) which removes the Fe-oxide coating. It can be shown that thus the swelling potential of the clay minerals in such undisturbed rocks can be activated. 相似文献
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The Tawil Sandstone (Lower Devonian) in Central Saudi Arabia overlies the Sharwara Member of the Tayyarat Formation (Silurian) and succeeded conformly by the Shaiba Member of the Jauf Formation. Petrographical data reveal that the Tawil Sandstone comprises 96% quartz, 3% feldspar, and 1% rock fragments and all samples are classified as quartz arenites. The presence of well sorted, altered to fresh feldspar, and discriminate function analysis suggests that the sediments have been subjected to substartial reworking resulting in a high level of maturity. Modal analysis data (Q–F–L) suggest a stable cratonic provenance for the sediments and accumulation in a passive margin basin is indicated (binary plot of SiO2 vs K2O/Na2O). Diagenetic features include dissolution of feldspar and rock fragments, compaction, reduction of the existing pore space through rearrangements, and rotation and fragmentation of grains resulting in dissolution of quartz grains and cementation. 相似文献
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基于室内模拟实验的软土固结沉降的分形几何 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了能够比较准确、简便地计算及预测软土的沉降,在Terzaghi一维固结理论的基础上,结合分形几何理论对软土的沉降计算进行了探讨和研究。首先通过室内模拟实验,获得了不同固结时期试样的孔隙比e、沉降量以及扫描电镜照片（SEM图片）;然后利用WD-5软件对SEM图片进行处理,并计算得到孔隙分布的分数维Df;最后建立起e与Df的函数关系,再结合Terzaghi一维固结理论建立了Df与固结度、沉降量的关系方程并计算得到相应的固结度及沉降量。经分析得出：Df随着沉降量的增加而减小;软土在固结沉降过程中在42.33 h处有一个明显的拐点;利用Df建立的固结沉降模型计算的结果与试验实测的结果基本吻合。 相似文献
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天然气水合物的开采会带来一系列的岩土工程问题,为了保障相关工程设施的安全,有必要建立一个合理的水合物沉积物本构模型。通过深入分析水合物沉积物力学特点,从颗粒间的作用机制出发,认为水合物沉积物的力学响应是沉积物中土体颗粒间摩擦与水合物胶结二者共同作用的结果;考虑到摩擦与接触特性不同的力学机制,分别采用修正剑桥模型和弹性损伤模型对土体骨架及水合物胶结的应力-应变关系进行描述;通过假定水合物胶结的损伤演化规律,并认为在受力变形过程中二者的应变始终相等,初步建立了一个水合物沉积物的弹塑性损伤本构模型。不同水合物饱和度沉积物应力-应变曲线的模型预测结果与室内三轴排水试验结果吻合良好,表明了所建模型的可行性和合理性。 相似文献