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1.
Well logs provide additional information from the borehole that cannot be derived from other subsurface investigations. Their analysis may bring supplementary features about the earth’s heterogeneities. In previous researches, the logs were modeled using fractional Brownian motions indexed by Hurst (or Hölder) exponents quantifying their global regularity degrees. Indeed, these monofractal models, characterized by the same Hurst exponent, do not allow to study the depth-evolution of the local Hurst parameter. In order to overcome this problem, we propose to model the logs using multifractional Brownian motions and suggest an algorithm, developed previously for financial time series, to estimate the local Hurst exponent function. First, the potential of this algorithm is assessed through its application on synthetic sonic log data simulated by the successive random additions method. We note that the estimated Hurst functions (or regularity profiles) are very close to the theoretical Hurst functions. Second, this analysis is extended to sonic logs data from the KTB pilot borehole (Germany). Using the resulted regularity profiles, we carry out a lithological segmentation and fault identification on the geological layers crossed by the well. We derived also a correlation between the Hurst value variation and the lithological changes. 相似文献
2.
The main goal of this paper is to identify heterogeneities from well logs data using the wavelet-based multifractal analysis. Firstly, the wavelet transform modulus maxima lines method is applied with a moving window of 128 samples to the raw well logs data. After that, the generalized fractal dimensions that correspond to the three first moments of the function of partition are estimated. Application to synthetic and real well logs data of the main and pilot Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm de Bundesreplik Deutschland wells shows that the information and the correlation dimensions can be used for heterogeneities analysis and lithofacies segmentation form well logs data. 相似文献
3.
S. Gaci 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(8):2719-2726
The two-dimensional multifractional Brownian motion (2D-mBm) provides a convenient model for image processing. However, the accurate estimation of its associated local regularity function presents a serious difficulty. Here, we suggest a new estimator of the local Hölder exponent (H) of 2D-mBm paths. The idea consists of extending the algorithm, as suggested by Peltier and Lévy-Véhél (1995) for quantifying regularity of mono-dimensional signals, to the 2D case. The resulting algorithm is first tested on artificial 2D-mBm paths shaped by the kriging method. The good accuracy of the obtained H estimations motivates us to implement it on digitalized image data of a core extracted from an Algerian borehole. The derived regularity map shows a significant correlation with the geological features observed on the investigated core. These lithological discontinuities are marked by local variations of the Hölder exponent value. Besides, it is shown that no clear relationship can be drawn between regularity and digitalized data. To conclude, the proposed method may be of high importance in characterizing heterogeneities from core images using the regularity exponents. 相似文献
4.
The main goal of this paper is to show that the fractal analysis based on the continuous wavelet transform is not able to improve lithofacies classification using the self-organizing map (SOM) neural network model from well-logs data. The proposed idea consists to inject many inputs in SOM neural network machines and to choose the best map. These inputs are: data set 1: the five raw well-logs data which are: the gamma ray, density, neutron porosity, photoelectric absorption coefficient and sonic well-log; data set 2: the estimated Hölder exponents using the continuous wavelet transform of the data set 1; data set 3: data set 1 and the three radioactive elements concentrations; data set 4: the estimated Hölder exponents of the data set 1 and the Hölder exponents of the radioactive elements concentrations; data set 5: the estimated Hölder exponents of the data set 1 and the three radioactive elements concentrations logs. Application of the proposed idea at two boreholes located in the Algerian Sahara shows that the Hölder exponents estimated with the continuous wavelet transform as an input of the SOM neural network are not able to give geological details. However, the raw well-logs as an input give more details and precision especially when they are enhanced with the natural gamma ray spectrometry data. 相似文献
5.
月球遥感是在登月技术还不完善的情况下,利用遥感数据,通过各种分析来研究月球演化、内部结果和表面特征的方法。粗糙度是地表隆升、沉降、侵蚀和火山喷射物覆盖在行星表面留下的记录,因此对行星表面粗糙度的定量分析可以精确反映其地质演化过程。而Hurst指数则是粗糙度的精确反映。文中利用LOLA制作的DEM,以月球正面虹湾为例,选取水平方向的12条剖面和垂直方向的15条剖面对其各粗糙度参数进行计算,并结合月表成熟度对Hurst指数与底层年龄的相关性进行了分析,得出如下结论:(1)在1km的剖面长度上,虹湾地区均方根高程的平均值在3m左右;在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,虹湾地区的坡度不超过2°,说明该地表起伏度小。(2)虹湾地区的Hurst指数跨度比较大,尤其在垂直方向(南北)上,在0.4到0.9之间,表明其构造样式丰富。(3)在0.2～3km研究尺度范围内,Hurst指数自北往南增大、自西往东增大,表示在虹湾地区粗糙度自西北向东南方向增大。(4)虹湾地区地质年龄为自西北向东南方向变小,与Hurst指数增大方向一致。(5)在月表年轻撞击坑地区月表成熟度与Hurst指数大致呈负相关关系。 相似文献
6.
山东大尹格庄金矿蚀变岩中矿体分布稳定性的动力学控制参量探讨 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
元素品位分布的相依性指标——赫斯特指数(Hurst指数)是矿体分布稳定性的动力学控制参量,重标极差(R/S)分析是相依性分析的有效方法。利用R/S分析对胶东大尹格庄金矿黄铁绢英岩内不同勘探线金元素品位系列的Hurst指数计算发现,Hurst指数主要介于0.59至0.89之间,均值为0.75,标准差为0.09,均大于随机行走经验Hurst指数的均值与标准差;计算结果说明元素品位分布存在正相关性,但由于受多种因素影响,其空间分布的相依性具有一定波动。元素品位分布的正相依性显示在特定的地质背景内,矿体连续分布或者间断出现,发育相对稳定,其与大尹格庄金矿的地质事实相吻合。 相似文献
7.
Fractal geostatistics are being applied to subsurface geological data as a way of predicting the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon reservoir properties. The fractal dimension is the controlling parameter in stochastic methods to produce random fields of porosity and permeability. Rescaled range (R/S)analysis has become a popular way of estimating the fractal dimension, via determination of the Hurst exponent (H). A systematic investigation has been undertaken of the bias to be expected due to a range of factors commonly inherent in borehole data, particularly downhole wireline logs. The results are integrated with a review of previous work in this area. Small datasets. overlapping samples, drift and nonstationariry of means can produce a very large bias, and convergence of estimates of H around 0.85–0.90 regardless of original fractal dimension. Nonstationarity can also account for H>1, which has been reported in the literature but which is theoretically impossible for fractal time series. These results call into question the validity of fractal stochastic models built using fractal dimensions estimated with the R/Smethod. 相似文献
8.
Fractal geostatistics are being applied to subsurface geological data as a way of predicting the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon reservoir properties. The fractal dimension is the controlling parameter in stochastic methods to produce random fields of porosity and permeability. Rescaled range (R/S)analysis has become a popular way of estimating the fractal dimension, via determination of the Hurst exponent (H). A systematic investigation has been undertaken of the bias to be expected due to a range of factors commonly inherent in borehole data, particularly downhole wireline logs. The results are integrated with a review of previous work in this area. Small datasets. overlapping samples, drift and nonstationariry of means can produce a very large bias, and convergence of estimates of H around 0.85–0.90 regardless of original fractal dimension. Nonstationarity can also account for H>1, which has been reported in the literature but which is theoretically impossible for fractal time series. These results call into question the validity of fractal stochastic models built using fractal dimensions estimated with the R/Smethod. 相似文献
9.
The main goal of this paper is to establish reservoirs media heterogeneities by the wavelet transform modulus maxima lines. First, we gathered amplitude versus offsets (AVO) amplitudes at the top of the reservoirs, then we calculated the 2D wavelet transform after we calculated its maxima, and we estimated the Hölder exponent at each maxima. Variation of the Hölder exponent can give more information about lithology and fluid nature at any point. We applied the proposed idea at a 2D synthetic AVO intercept model, obtained results showed that the wavelet transform modulus maxima lines can be used as a seismic image processing tool. We suggest application of the proposed idea on real AVO seismic data and its attributes. It can give more ideas about reservoirs model. 相似文献
10.
A. Akilan S. Balaji Y. Srinivas N. Yuvaraj 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):613-620
The Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected during years 1997–2007 at Maitri along with the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations viz. Casey, Davis, Yaragadee, Tidbinbilla, Seychelles, Coco, Diego Garcia, Kerguelen and Hartbeesthoek in and around Indian Ocean were processed using Bernese. 4.2 software. The baseline length and their changes were estimated and spectral analysis was carried out subsequently. The value of the Hurst exponent, as estimated from the slope of spectral fall-off of each time series of baseline length, was used to interpret the characteristics of the plate motions in the region. The Hurst exponent is found to be 0.65 (>0.5) for the baseline length between stations Kerguelen and Coco clearly showing a constant increasing trend of the changes in baseline length. The time series of baseline lengths between stations Kerguelen and Diego Garcia; and Tidbinbilla and Yaragadee shows an increasing trend and the Hurst exponent is close to 0.5. This may suggest that the diffuse plate boundary zone and the Australian plate are moving away from the Antarctican plate. The baseline length between Kerguelen and Davis, Casey, Maitri and Seychelles is less than 0.5, which indicates that the baseline length of these stations shows a decreasing trend. 相似文献
11.
12.
I. Lerche 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(4):469-501
Three different types of methods are used to assess the ability to determine erosion amounts and to provide estimates of uncertainty.
In the situation of dynamical indicator methods, such as seismic velocity, sonic logs, density logs, or drilling exponent
methods, intrinsic assumptions and parameter values used provide only a broad statement on the resolution of uplift/erosion
events. None of the methods is more accurate, at best, to better than ± 1 km and likely much worse. For geological model procedures,
exemplified by considerations of Airy isostasy and by bed upturning near a salt dome in the Nordkapp Basin of the Barents
Sea, the uncertainties are again of the order of ± 500–1000 m. With thermal indicator procedures, the bulk of the constraint
information from available data is needed to determine paleoheat flux with little left over to constrain the erosion, implying
a minimum uncertainty of ± 500 m on erosion determinations. No method seems capable of resolving erosional events to better
than a minimum uncertainty of ± 500 m, and likely no better than ± 1 km. 相似文献
13.
隧道涌水长期记忆特性R/S与DFA法实证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究隧道涌水长期记忆特性,利用某隧道的涌水监测数据,基于R/S理论(重标极差方法)进行分析,并用Vn检验R/S分析的稳定性,进一步和DFA法(消除趋势波动法)分析的结果进行对比研究,同时,采用"正反划分法"对涌水数据进行处理以保证涌水序列信息不丢失,表明:隧道涌水的Hurst指数具有分时段和长期记忆特征,未来隧道涌水量将减少;负Hurst指数的出现可能与天气突变等因素有关,其代表隧道涌水具有反持续性;越大尺度的隧道涌水系统越具确定性特征;若隧道涌水监测数据具有波动离散性,采用DFA方法分析将优于R/S分析.研究结论可为隧道的涌水预测和涌水的非线性动力特性提供参考. 相似文献
14.
裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层声波时差曲线的波动和增幅分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究了裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层声波时差曲线的波动和增幅现象,认为是裂缝对声波的衰减导致到达远接收器的初至波幅度降低,因而形成3～4μs/ft的时差增幅,从而有效解释了声波时差曲线的波动和增幅现象。利用成像资料和常规测井资料相结合,研究增幅发生条件和规律,发现低角度、较大开度的裂缝导致时差增幅。 相似文献
15.
Christian Poppeliers 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(7):761-777
This paper presents a scheme to invert reflected seismic wave fields for vertical spatial statistics of the Earth’s continuous
stochastic velocity distribution. The forward model is based on a single scattering theory, where a seismogram is modeled
as a convolution of a source wavelet and stochastic reflectivity, which obeys a von Kármán autocorrelation function. Tests
with synthetic data indicate that the method presented here recovers vertical characteristic length from seismic reflection
data that is similar to that of the original velocity model; however, the inversion does not reliably recover the Hurst exponent,
ν. The input wavelet’s power spectrum is a free parameter in the inversion and is estimated as well, but is band-limited relative
to the original source wavelet. Noise degrades the quality of the estimates of the stochastic parameters such that the recovered
stochastic parameters are biased according to the power spectrum of the noise. 相似文献
16.
岩性识别的多元统计方法 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
识别地层岩性是在地层对比,沉积相分析等地质研究中的重要任务,在岩心资源较少,测井资料较多的情况下,利用多元统计分析进行地层岩性识别则是一种有效方法,为此,本文在胜利油田永一沙田砾岩体实际资料的基础上,通过取心井岩心和相应测井曲线的对应特征分析,应用判别分析方法,挑选了对岩性识别能力强的测井参数,确定了相应的岩性识别函数,利用该函数可以快速反应不同深度点上的地层岩性,并绘制相应的岩性剖面图等,为进一 相似文献
17.
小波变换与地震奇异性属性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震属性是由地震数据提取的有关地震波的几何形态、运动学特征、动力学特征和统计学特征等组成。这里主要讨论了一种新的地震属性(奇异性属性)计算方法。由于地震数据携带着大量的奇异性信息,因此,这一新的地震属性是在偏移地震数据的小波变换和奇异性分析的基础上形成的。小波变换使检测数据中的局部奇异程度成为可能。为能够估计出偏移地震数据每一采样点的局部奇异规律,从小波变换系数的角度来提取地震信号的奇异指数。这种新属性实行单道处理,不需要子波和速度信息,它给出了地下分层情况和断层位置。在地震数据奇异性属性的基础上,用小波变换来划分地层旋回,从而提高了小波变换在地震解释中的应用。 相似文献
19.
Geophysical well-log (bore-hole) data facilitate understanding of the physical properties of the subsurface formations as a function of depth measured in a well. In the present study, the wavelet transformation technique was applied to the well-log data of three wells in the Bombay High oil field, India, in order to identify depths to the tops of oil and/or gas formation zones (pay zones). Continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) was performed on gamma-ray, resistivity, neutron porosity and velocity log data sets in order to determine the space-localization of the oil and/or gas formation zones. The choice of a mother wavelet is important and largely depends on the data under investigation. We have applied a variety of wavelets to the different log data sets to not only identify the depths to the tops of formation zones, but also to determine the optimum wavelet that best characterizes the pay zones. On examination of scalogram plots of each log corresponding to each wavelet for their better resolution in identifying the formation boundaries, we have found that the scalograms corresponding to the Gaus1 wavelet appeared to give the best resolution in identifying the depths of pay zones in all the well-log data sets of all three wells. To further validate the above observation, a histogram analysis of CWT coefficients is made. This showed that, of all the wavelets considered for the present study, Gaus1 wavelet is the most appropriate and optimum for determining the space-localization of pay zones in all the well-log data sets considered in the present study. The depths of pay zones estimated from scalogram plots of logs agree well with those provided by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., India. 相似文献
20.
F. Fabio Fussi Letizia Fumagalli Francesco Fava Biagio Di Mauro Cheik Hamidou Kane Magatte Niang Souleye Wade Barry Hamidou Roberto Colombo Tullia Bonomi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(8):2263-2279
A method is proposed that uses analysis of borehole stratigraphic logs for the characterization of shallow aquifers and for the assessment of areas suitable for manual drilling. The model is based on available borehole-log parameters: depth to hard rock, depth to water, thickness of laterite and hydraulic transmissivity of the shallow aquifer. The model is applied to a study area in northwestern Senegal. A dataset of boreholes logs has been processed using a software package (TANGAFRIC) developed during the research. After a manual procedure to assign a standard category describing the lithological characteristics, the next step is the automated extraction of different textural parameters and the estimation of hydraulic conductivity using reference values available in the literature. The hydraulic conductivity values estimated from stratigraphic data have been partially validated, by comparing them with measured values from a series of pumping tests carried out in large-diameter wells. The results show that this method is able to produce a reliable interpretation of the shallow hydrogeological context using information generally available in the region. The research contributes to improving the identification of areas where conditions are suitable for manual drilling. This is achieved by applying the described method, based on a structured and semi-quantitative approach, to classify the zones of suitability for given manual drilling techniques using data available in most African countries. Ultimately, this work will support proposed international programs aimed at promoting low-cost water supply in Africa and enhancing access to safe drinking water for the population. 相似文献