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1.
本文利用2009年6月至2010年5月日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）、日本环境署（MOE）与日本环境研究（NIES）所等联合开发的全球首颗专用温室气体观测卫星“呼吸号”（GOSAT）上的被动红外探测器（TANSO）官方反演的近地面975hPa左右的CO2浓度L4B数据产品,采用ArcGIS地统计分析方法,对比瓦里关全球大气本底站地面观测数据进行真实性检验,分析中国区域近地面CO2浓度分布的时空变化特征。结果表明：中国区域近地面CO2浓度空间分布集中,东高西低,差异显著;CO2浓度具有明显的季节变化特征,月平均浓度4月份（春季）升至最高,7月份（夏季）降至最低。结合“中国统计年鉴2012”中的2009年人口密度、能源消费总量（煤）和GDP等辅助数据对比发现：导致中国近地面CO2浓度空间分布规律的原因多种多样,不可轻易定论是人为或自然使然,需进一步深入研究。 相似文献
2.
降水的时空变异分析是认识区域水资源形成与演变的重要方法。时空变异特征分析不仅可以系统地对降水的时间序列进行分析,而且能从空间上把握降水的分布格局。本文将河南省近51年雨季降水资料,结合数字高程模型(DEM),利用回归分析、空间自相关分析、空间插值模拟及交叉验证等,对河南省降水时空变异特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)河南省雨季降水整体来看呈增加趋势,近年来尤为明显;但9月份表现异常,呈下降趋势。(2)月降水量差异明显,最大降水量在7月份,平均达到178.3 mm;(3)在空间上降水呈现出明显的南多北少,东多西少的格局;有明显的集聚特点,在南部以罗山、潢川为中心形成降水丰沛聚集区,北部以辉县为中心形成降水稀少聚集区;林县、栾川和西峡表现为空间例外,明显高于相邻区域的降水量。 相似文献
3.
为研究34年来菏泽市气候干湿状况的变化,并对该市干旱灾害进行风险区划,给市、区(县)各级人民政府防御干旱灾害风险提供理论数据支撑,指导农、林业的生产和发展。主要利用菏泽市最近34年气象站基本资料,分析菏泽市的潜在蒸散量和湿润指数变化,同时利用地理区划软件Mapinfo对该地区的干湿风险灾害进行区划分析。结果表明:(1)20世纪80年代以来,菏泽市年均潜在蒸散量和降水量水平都有所增加,但降水量的增加程度远远低于潜在蒸散量,于是湿润指数一直呈现下降趋势,年均降幅约为1.05%;(2)年均潜在蒸散量的增加主要由于气温上升和湿度下降两个因素影响,其中湿度下降对其产生的影响最大,两者正相关系数分别为0.312和0.94;(3)从时间轴上看,每年10月到次年6月为菏泽市干旱灾害多发期,尤其是每年的12月到次年4月,月平均湿润指数<0.5,为旱灾易发期;(4)目前,鲁西南8县1区中,单县的湿润程度最好,曹县、定陶、牡丹区等次之,鄄城县的湿润程度最差。 相似文献
4.
近50年中国地表净辐射的时空变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于GIS空间分析技术与Mann-Kendall趋势分析方法,对中国陆地区域699个气象站点1961-2010年逐年、季平均地表净辐射进行时空变化特征分析,结果表明:(1)参数拟合后的FAO Penman修正式对模拟站点逐日地表净辐射的总体精度较高,均方根误差为27.9W.m-2,相关系数为0.85,平均相对误差为0.13;(2)全国近50年站点平均地表净辐射在年、季均呈现出较明显的下降过程,年均降幅为0.74W.m-2.10a-1,不同季节的下降幅度存在差异,夏季降幅最大;(3)逐站点分析显示全国大部分站点(59.8%)年均地表净辐射呈显著下降趋势(0.05),东部趋势变化比西部明显,夏季在地表净辐射年际变化中的贡献最大,华北、华中、华南地区的站点在春夏秋季均呈显著下降趋势。 相似文献
5.
为了解四川盆地闪电产生的NOX向低空的传输特征,利用大气平均电场仪、氮氧化物分析仪、臭氧分析仪对成都地区雷暴过程中闪电产生的NOX进行了地面观测,并结合风廓线雷达测得的地面0.4km的风速风向数据进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)、NOX浓度随时间的变化与NO浓度随时间的变化呈正相关关系,O3的浓度随时间的变化与NOX的浓度随时间变化呈负相关关系;(2)、雷暴过程中,NOX和NO的浓度值都比晴天背景大气条件下的地面值要高,O3的浓度值则低于平均值,闪电频次与氮氧化物浓度存在正相关关系;(3)、LNOX从高空传输到地面也受风速风向的影响,风速与NOX浓度存在负相关关系,气流被偏北风控制的情况下,NOX的浓度值较低,气流在偏南风控制时,NOX则出现高浓度积累。 相似文献
6.
土地利用效益是衡量土地利用水平的一项重要指标。本文从经济效益、社会效益和生态效益3个方面进行分析,建立土地利用效益评价指标体系,利用熵值法来确定各指标权重,构建协调度评价模型。研究表明:咸宁市2003~2012年土地利用效益呈现增长的趋势,10年间的协调度发展趋势大致分为3个阶段:(1)2003~2005年处于下降阶段,此阶段协调度从0.139下降到0.133;(2)2006~2008年协调度处于低速增长阶段,协调度从0.144增长至的0.285,增长速度较为缓慢;(3)2009~2012年属于高速增长阶段,土地利用协调度从0.425增长至0.956。 相似文献
7.
为应对突发公共卫生事件而采取的流动限制性措施,为研究人类活动对PM2.5浓度的影响提供了一个独特的自然实验环境,但该期间关中平原城市群PM2.5浓度分布及驱动力有何变化尚缺乏关注。基于2018～2020年PM2.5遥感反演数据,采用空间自相关分析、地理探测器和多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型,分析2020年2月至3月实施流动限制性措施期间关中平原城市群PM2.5浓度及驱动因子的时空演变特征。结果表明：(1)2020年2月至3月PM2.5浓度显著下降,2020年2月热点减少,3月冷点减少。(2)相比历年同期,所有人为因素单因子在2020年2月对关中平原城市群PM2.5浓度的解释力最低,自然因素解释力较高。其中,工厂兴趣点分布(POI＿D)及路网分布(RD)解释力相比历年同期平均解释力降幅最大,分别为20.3%和38.6%。所有人为因素双因子交互影响解释力在2020年2月最低。(3)所有人为因素在2020年2月对关中平原城市群PM2.5... 相似文献
8.
通过地基观测站点的实测数据,首次证实大气温室效应是由人为排放造成的,地表能量平衡受二氧化碳（CO2）浓度水平的影响。因此,分析CO2浓度时空分布特征,从而探究其源汇、控制其排放尤为重要。本文采用AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder）对流层中层CO2浓度数据及GOSAT（Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite）近地面CO2浓度数据,对比研究了CO2浓度在对流层中层及近地面的时空分布特征差异。结果表明,AIRS探测到的对流层中层CO2浓度,在时空上普遍高于GOSAT探测到的近地面CO2值,高值区位于30°~90°N,浓度多集中在390~395 ppm,这与AIRS探测的对流层中层CO2浓度已充分混合相关;而GOSAT CO2浓度高值区则位于热带、亚热带人口众多的地域,如非洲和中国东部沿海地区等人类活动活跃地带,这也表明GOSAT探测近地面CO2的重要性,其可弥补地基站点测量在空间分布上的不足。本文进一步对比分析了CO2浓度在海陆及南北半球的差异特征及影响原因,CO2在海洋及陆地区域的平均浓度具有相似的时间波动特征,但其浓度在陆地几乎始终高于海洋,这与人类活动释放大量的CO2密切相关。CO2浓度在南北半球存在明显的差异,这是因为南半球的季节变化规律与北半球相反,且由于化石燃料燃烧及土地利用变化等主要集中在北半球,因而北半球CO2浓度高于南半球。此外,本文还对NUCAPS（NOAA/NESDIS/STAR NOAA Unique CrIS/ATMS Processing System）反演得到的CrIS（Cross-track Infrared Sounder）CO2柱平均浓度及廓线产品做了初步分析,发现其与AIRS、GOSAT CO2分析结果一致。 相似文献
9.
中国大陆东南边缘海现时地壳运动与地震动力学综合研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
在东亚大陆动力学和西太平洋动力学背景下 ,定量研究中国大陆东南边缘海的现今区域地壳运动、动力学及地震危险性。基于 1994～ 1998年福建 -台北网、中国大陆网、台湾 -吕宋 (菲律宾 )网和东亚大陆及西太平洋的 IGS网等 4种不同空间尺度的 GPS测量结果 ,结合近 10 0年来的强震震源机制解、近 2 0余年来跨断层形变网、精密水准网、激光测距网及原地应力测量等结果 ,以及地球物理数值模拟与地质学成果 ,通过对多层次构造运动的分析、多学科结果的互验互补和整体综合研究 ,获得如下结果 :( 1)本研究区同时存在陆、海相互对进的两种地壳水平运动 :大陆东南沿海 11～ 12 mm/ a向东南、海洋对大陆 3mm/ a向西北以及台湾东海岸 53mm/ a向西北的运动 ;( 2 )台湾岛可能存在着以 2 4°N附近为其旋转轴的右旋运动 ;( 3) GPS和地形变测量求出现今区域应力场主压应力方向为 NW( NWW)向 ,与不同时间尺度的地震学和地质学结果一致 ;( 4 )观测与数值模拟共同证实 ,印度板块和菲律宾海板块对欧亚板块的联合动力作用是导致本区上述地壳运动的原因 ;前者导致的地壳运动速度比后者约大 4倍 ,但前者仅导致准均匀场 ,而后者则可产生变形局部化过程的非均匀场 ,从而为强震孕育提供动力 ;( 5)菲律宾海板块在台湾东侧对欧亚板块 相似文献
10.
天然气水合物 (Ｇａｓｈｙｄｒａｔｅ)是由天然气 (甲烷为主 )和水组成的固体结晶物质 ,故又称固态甲烷、可燃冰或气冰。通常在低温高压条件下形成。在水深 50 0～ 4 0 0 0ｍ的海底沉积层 ,由于压力加大 ,天然气水合物可在15～ 2 5℃条件下形成。据现有资料 ,天然气水合物主要赋存在大于 30 0～ 50 0ｍ水深的海底沉积物中和寒冷的高纬度地区。天然气水合物为一种冰状的白色固态结晶体 ,气体中甲烷占 99%。它主要存在于温度较低、压力较高、气和水足够富集的大陆架边缘和大陆坡上部的海底沉积物中 ,其上有较为稳定的沉积盖层。据分析 ,1ｍ3的… 相似文献
11.
Seasonal variation in abundance, diel vertical migration and body size of pelagic tunicate Salpa fusiformis in the Southern Yellow Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mass occurrence of Salpa fusiformis was observed in the Southern Yellow Sea in May and June 2007. In order to investigate its population recruitment and environmental adaptation, temporal variation of abundance, diel vertical migration (DVM) and length frequency distribution of both aggregate and solitary forms were studied with samples collected from eight months during September 2006 to August 2007. S. fusiformis presented in six months other than September and October 2006, and average abundance of aggregate and solitary forms peaked in June and May, respectively. In December, aggregate forms were absent in the bottom layer and performed irregular DVM from surface to 50 m depth, while solitary forms was too scarce to perform diel vertical distribution analysis. Both aggregate and solitary forms presented reverse DVM in May and June. They migrated upwards during daytime and concentrated in surface layer at sunset. The bimodal distribution of aggregate forms was found in April and the average size was largest in this month. In other months, the smaller aggregate forms (1-5 mm) dominated in populations except for May, when the modal size ranged from 2 to 8 mm. The average size of solitary forms was largest in December, followed by April. The skewed nomal distribution of solitary forms was found in May and June, with the modal size of 2-7 mm and 5-13 mm, respectively. 相似文献
12.
1990～2000年中国稻田甲烷排放变化模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
甲烷（CH4）是大气中重要的温室气体之一。研究我国稻田的甲烷排放年际变化,客观评估我国稻田CH4排放量,对于区域乃至全球大气CH4浓度的贡献具有积极意义。本文将一个比较成熟的稻田甲烷排放模型CH4MOD和G IS空间化数据库结合,模拟估计了中国大陆1990～2000年水稻生长季稻田甲烷排放的年际变化。模拟结果表明:从1990年到2000年,我国稻田甲烷排放量具有比较明显的年际波动,其中1993～1995年由于播种面积较少,甲烷排放为一个低谷,排放量约为5.37Tg;其他年份的排放量在5.93～6.22Tg之间。虽然1997年之后我国水稻播种面积比1993年之前少约1.84×106hm2,但两个时期的甲烷排放量却基本相等,这主要是由于1997年之后单位面积稻田甲烷的排放也较1993年之前高的缘故。从空间格局方面讲,我国稻田甲烷排放的高值区主要分布在湖南、湖北、江西、广东、广西、四川、江苏和安徽,东北地区稻田甲烷排放在20世纪90年代有逐年增加的趋势。 相似文献
13.
Two field studies were conducted to measure pigments in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and the northern East China Sea (NECS) in April (spring) and September (autumn) to evaluate the distribution pattern of phytoplankton stock (Chl a concentration) and the impact of hydrological features such as water mass, mixing and tidal front on these patterns. The results indicated that the Chl a concentration was 2.43±2.64 (Mean ± SD) mg m?3 in April (range, 0.35 to 17.02 mg m?3) and 1.75±3.10 mg m?3 in September (from 0.07 to 36.54 mg m?3) in 2003. Additionally, four areas with higher Chl a concentrations were observed in the surface water in April, while two were observed in September, and these areas were located within or near the point at which different water masses converged (temperature front area). The distribution pattern of Chl a was generally consistent between onshore and offshore stations at different depths in April and September. Specifically, higher Chl a concentrations were observed along the coastal line in September, which consisted of a mixing area and a tidal front area, although the distributional pattern of Chl a concentrations varied along transects in April. The maximum Chl a concentration at each station was observed in the surface and subsurface layer (0–10 m) for onshore stations and the thermocline layer (10–30 m) for offshore stations in September, while the greatest concentrations were generally observed in surface and subsurface water (0–10 m) in April. The formation of the Chl a distributional pattern in the SYS and NECS and its relationship with possible influencing factors is also discussed. Although physical forces had a close relationship with Chl a distribution, more data are required to clearly and comprehensively elucidate the spatial pattern dynamics of Chl a in the SYS and NECS. 相似文献
14.
CARBON DYNAMICS OF WETLAND IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SONG Chang-chun WANG Yi-yong WANG Yue-si YAN Bai-xing WANG De-xuan ZHAO Zhi-chun LOU Yan-jing 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):228-231
1INTRODUCTIONWetlandsplayanimportant roleintheprocessofcar-bonstorage.Thetotalcarbonstoredindifferentkindsofwetlandsisabout15%-35%ofthetotalcarboninthegloballandsoils(POSTetal.,1982;GORHAM,1991).Inaddition,wetlandsaresignificantnaturalsources fortheatmospheric CH4 (MOORE,1994).It isestimatedthatabout110×1012gCH4 originates fromanaerobicdecompositioninthenaturalwetlands,CH4 emission fromthenaturalwetlandsis15%-30%oftheglobalCH4 emission andtheCH4 emission from thepeat land at hi… 相似文献
15.
In this paper, the morphological characters of eggs and larvae ofSardinella aurita (Cuvier & Valenciennes), its spawning ground, spawning seasons and spawning conditions have been studied.
Sardinella aurita likes to breed in the upwelling area and selects the Waixie fishing ground as its main spawning ground. The months from February
to September are its spawning seasons, reaching its peak in April. In the main spawning ground, the temperature of the surface
layer was found to be 24.4–25.2°C, the salinity 33.87–34.07%. and the depth of water between 34–60m.
The distribution of the larvae is closely related to the distribution of plankton, the path of migration of adult fish, and
the current direction of the water system.
In order to protect fishery resources, it is necessary to prohibit catching the spawning fish in the Waixie fishing ground
in April, and the catching of immatures from March to June.
This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Limn. Sinica
14(3): 240–248, 1983. 相似文献
16.
1INTRODUCTIONOneoftheeffectsofglobalwarmingisthatprecipita-tionhasincreasedoversomeareasintheworld,andthegaugedataofprecipitation (excludingAntarctica)showthatglobalprecipitationhasincreasedslightlybyabout9mmforthe20thcentury, whichwas verysmallcomparedwiththeinterannualandmul-ti-decadalvariability(NEWetal.,2001).Butregion-ally,thereexisted agreatdealofdifferences,suchasinmostpartsofAfrica, Amazon,westernSouthAmerica,theweatherhasbecomedrier,andinmostpartsofEuropeandCanada,thereexisted… 相似文献
17.
利用卫星遥感探测大气二氧化碳(CO2)浓度,相比传统的地面观测方法,具有稳定、连续、大尺度观测等诸多优点,能更好地获得全球CO2的时空分布与变化特征。随着卫星遥感技术的发展,一系列具备大气CO2探测能力的卫星相继发射升空,大气制图扫描成像吸收光谱仪(SCIAMACHY)、温室气体观测卫星(GOSAT)、大气红外探测仪(AIRS)等卫星传感器,已经获得了多年的全球CO2浓度分布产品。对这些卫星资料进行对比分析,并与本底观测数据进行全球范围的长时间序列的对比验证。研究显示,3种CO2卫星遥感产品中,SCIAMACHY数据系统性略高于本底数据,且观测范围局限性较大;GOSAT数据稳定性较好,但系统误差较大,平均低于本底数据近9ppmv;AIRS数据产品相比前两者优势突出,单月全球覆盖率达到90%左右,与本底观测数据平均误差小于2ppmv(0.5%),相关系数达到0.9以上,能够较好地反映全球大气CO2浓度的时空特征。卫星遥感产品与本底观测资料显示,全球CO2浓度空间分布呈现出明显的纬度分布规律与海陆分布规律,时间变化规律方面则表现出明显的季节性周期变化。 相似文献
18.
Spatial and temporal variation of picoplankton distribution in the Yellow Sea, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Seven surveys were carried out in April, September, October, December 2006 and March, May, August 2007 in the Yellow Sea, China. Variations in the spatial and temporal distribution of Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria are quantified using flow cytometry. Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria are most abundant from late spring to autumn, while picoeukaryotes concentration is high in spring. Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria concentrated high in the northwest part of the Yellow Sea in spring and autumn, while picoeukaryotes distributed evenly over the whole study area except for a small frontal zone in the coastal area on the west (in spring) and central Yellow Sea (in autumn). Under mixing conditions, the vertical distribution of the three picoplankton groups showed a well-mixed pattern. Upon a well-established stratification, the maximum abundance of picoplankton occurred above the mixed layer depth (~30 m). Cell sizes of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes were estimated by converting forward scatter signals (FSC) from cytometry analysis to cell diameter, showing the results of 0.65–0.82 μm for Synechococcus and 0.85–1.08 μm for picoeukaryotes. The average integrated carbon biomasses ranged 15.26–312.62 mgC/m2 for Synechococcus, 18.54–61.57 mgC/m2 for picoeukaryotes, and 402.63–818.46 mgC/m2 for heterotrophic bacteria. The distribution of Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria was temperature dependent, and picoplankton presence was poor in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. 相似文献
19.
INTRODUCTIONChrbondioxideandInehanearethetwomostabundantabosphericcarbonspedes.Methane'sconcenhati0nintheboposphereinonsesO.7-l.l%peryearraasmussenandKhaili,l98l,BlakeandRowand,l988,Scheeetal.,l989).Ihauseofmethne'sforpaCtontheearth'sclirnateandthechernistryoftheatInosphere,thebudgetofabosphericmethanehasmivedconsiderableattchti0n.Wetlandsareestirnataltobeoneofthelamptsoimofabosphericmethane,aocountingforab0ut4O%to5O%0ftheglobalInehanesoonannually(Cforneand0reInland,l988,WhitingandC… 相似文献
20.
Ken MacClune 《山地科学学报》2010,7(1):1-14
A high-resolution 2000-year methane record has been constructed from an ice core recovered at 7200 m a.s.l. on the Dasuopu Glacier in the central Himalayas. This sub-tropical methane record reveals an increasing trend in the concentration of methane during the industrial era that is similar to observations from polar regions. However, we also observed the differences in the atmospheric methane mixing ratio between this monsoon record and those from polar regions during pre-industrial times. In the time interval 0-1850 A.D., the average methane concentration in the Dasuopu ice core was 782±40 ppbv and the maximum temporal variation exceeded 200 ppbv. The difference gradient of methane concentration in Dasuopu ice core with Greenland and Antarctica cores are 66±40 ppbv and 107±40 ppbv, respectively. This suggests that the tropical latitudes might have acted as a major global methane source in pre- industrial times. In addition, the temporal fluctuation of the pre-industrial methane records suggests that monsoon evolution incorporated with high methane emission from south Asia might be responsible for the relatively high methane concentration observed in the Dasuopu ice core around A.D. 800 and A.D. 1600. These results provide a rough understanding of the contribution of tropical methane source to the global methane budget and also the relationship between atmospheric methane and climate change. 相似文献