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大定源瞬变电磁法矩形发射回线激发的电磁场 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先从垂直磁偶极子产生的电磁场表达式出发,推导出了矩形发射回线产生的电磁场表达式;然后通过Guptasarma积分和Hankel积分将这些表达式转换为时间域电磁场,求出感应电动势;最后通过模型计算来难验证其正确性.通过数值模拟发现,在层状介质模型情况下,矩形发射回线中心区域电磁场的瞬变响应近乎均匀,地表低阻层对电磁场有很强的屏蔽作用. 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2017,(2)
电性源短偏移瞬变电磁法(SOTEM)具有信号强、对低阻异常体分辨率高、探测深度较大,受地形和地下构造影响较小等特点,因而适合于低阻体及精细构造的探测,同时由于SOTEM工作方法简便,探测工具灵活易于操作,所以非常适合地形复杂、施工艰难的工区。本研究通过对电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法进行理论分析,对不同地电模型响应之间的相对误差及其随异常电阻率的变化特征进行了分析,探讨了SOTEM的电性异常分辨能力;求解得到了SOTEM探测深度的理论判断公式;研究计算及正演模拟了不同时刻层状地电模型瞬变电磁响应的空间分布特征来对最佳观测区域进行分析,得出近场区观测的优越性;最后,以SOTEM在山西大同某煤矿采空区探测中的应用实例来说明该方法的有效性,根据对比,探测结果与钻井信息很好吻合。 相似文献
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针对含水采空区全空间瞬变电磁响应信号识别问题,采用有限元数值模拟及现场实测方法,基于电动势—视电阻率及对应时深转换关系,获取了全扇面视电阻率随深度变化的空间分布规律,提取了低阻异常区测点感应电动势衰减曲线,得出了测点随探测角度变化的电动势量化变化规律。基于上述研究,开展了井下钻探验证及钻孔窥视,并对现场钻孔出水水样进行了水质分析。结果表明:含水采空区的瞬变电磁响应横向角度对应一致性高于纵向深度;其感应电动势升幅与感应电动势差值变化趋势相反,呈现出在二次场观测初期急剧增大而后趋缓的特征,最大升幅可达10倍以上。钻探工程及化探分析进一步验证了物探成果。 相似文献
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从垂直磁偶极源激发的频率域电场出发,采用回线源瞬变电磁法一维正演方法,分别计算了低阻薄层随埋深厚度比和电阻率差异比变化时的感应电动势。依据电磁法探测的体积效应,对传统二分法进行了改进并定义了全区视电阻率的计算方法,并在此基础上分别绘制了低阻薄层埋深厚度比为1∶1.2、1∶1.5、1∶2及1∶4,电阻率差异比为1∶5、1∶10及1∶20的视电阻率曲线。通过对比不同地电模型视电阻率曲线的特征,指出了不同电阻率差异比时,瞬变电磁法对低阻薄层的分辨极限,归纳了瞬变电磁法对低阻薄层的识别及分辨能力,这对于研究地下水平层状介质的垂直电性变化具有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文介绍瞬变电磁方法在冀东沉积变质型铁矿勘查中的应用。根据冀东地区成矿地质背景,以及BIF型铁矿的矿体形态、产状、赋存部位、规模大小及含矿岩层特征,建立了层状模型、透镜体模型与向形模型三种地质模型。将地质模型转化为可处理的地球物理模型,按实际地质情况改变模型参数,完成了瞬变电磁的时域二维正演计算。分析了三种模型在多种情况下（低阻覆盖层、不同倾角、不同深度、发射源特征和不同电阻率）的瞬变电磁响应特征。结果表明,低阻覆盖层对于瞬变电磁场的扩散有一定的屏蔽作用,因而减小探测深度;随着矿体倾角的逐渐增大,瞬变电磁响应强度逐渐减弱,水平板状矿体比垂直板状矿体的响应要更为明显;勘探效果随着地质体埋深的增加而逐渐减弱;发射磁矩的大小对于瞬变电磁场的强弱产生直接影响,在实际应用中需要结合多方面因素,选择最佳的发射边长来达到最佳的勘查效果。利用冀东司家营地区进行的瞬变电磁勘察数据,研究了该地区铁矿床瞬变电磁响应特征,验证了上述模型的结论。 相似文献
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浅部低阻层对瞬变电磁法探测信号具有屏蔽效应,特别是在有巨厚低阻覆盖层的地区,要完成较大深度的勘探任务,必须在施工和资料解释过程中采取相应的技术措施。在具有巨厚低阻覆盖层的华北地区,进行了瞬变电磁勘探施工技术和资料解释的试验研究,认为野外施工时需选择合适的回线尺寸和延时,以及采用尽可能大的发射功率以产生较高的信噪比;资料分析和解释过程中,采用拟MT的反演技术,突出异常。据此,在低阻层厚度达300m的地区完成了深550m富水区的定位探测工作,其富水性得到了钻探验证。结果说明,该探测方法可以完成受低阻覆盖层影响地区的找水探测任务。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2021,(3)
深度学习是人工神经网络算法的扩展,对复杂函数有很好的逼近能力,本文将其引入用于瞬变电磁视电阻率计算。首先,建立归一化感应电动势与瞬变场参数单一映射关系的5层深度神经网络,通过对单一隐含层不同神经元个数所训练的误差情况进行分析,确定5层深度神经网络各隐含层神经元个数为13,8,5,8,13。训练算法选择了改进的具有自适应学习率的Nadam算法,该算法可加速训练过程。对训练好的深度神经网络模型进行仿真实验,采用典型地电模型加以验证,发现其对不同的地电模型均具有较好的反映,证明本文采用的基于深度学习计算视电阻率的可行性。应用结果表明训练好的深度神经网络模型可快速准确计算视电阻率。 相似文献
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Extended Probability Perturbation Method for Calibrating Stochastic Reservoir Models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lin Y. Hu 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(8):875-885
Calibrating a stochastic reservoir model on large, fine-grid to hydrodynamic data requires consistent methods to modify the
petrophysical properties of the model. Several methods have been developed to address this problem. Recent methods include
the Gradual Deformation Method (GDM) and the Probability Perturbation Method (PPM). The GDM has been applied to pixel-based
models of continuous and categorical variables, as well as object-based models. Initially, the PPM has been applied to pixel-based
models of categorical variables generated by sequential simulation. In addition, the PPM relies on an analytical formula (known
as the tau-model) to approximate conditional probabilities. In this paper, an extension of the PPM to any type of probability
distributions (discrete, continuous, or mixed) is presented. This extension is still constrained by the approximation using
the tau-model. However, when applying the method to white noises, this approximation is no longer necessary. The result is
an entirely new and rigorous method for perturbing any type of stochastic models, a modified PPM employed in similar manner
to the GDM. 相似文献
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Empirical, theoretical or hybrid methods can be used for the vulnerability analysis of structures to evaluate the seismic
damage data and to obtain probability damage matrices. The information on observed structural damage after earthquakes has
critical importance to drive empirical vulnerability methods. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the damage distributions
based on the data observed in Erzincan-1992, Dinar-1995 and Kocaeli-1999 earthquakes in Turkey utilizing two probability models—Modified
Binomial Distribution (MBiD) and Modified Beta Distribution (MBeD). Based on these analyses, it was possible (a) to compare
the advantages and limitations of the two probability models with respect to their capabilities in modelling the observed
damage distributions; (b) to evaluate the damage assessment for reinforced concrete and masonry buildings in Turkey based
on these models; (c) to model the damage distribution of different sub-groups such as buildings with different number of storeys
or soil conditions according to the both models. The results indicate that (a) MBeD is more suitable than the MBiD to model
the observed damage data for both reinforced concrete and masonry buildings in Turkey; (b) the sub-groups with lower number
of stories are located in the lower intensity levels, while the sub-groups with higher number of stories depending on local
site condition are concentrated in the higher intensity levels, thus site conditions should also be considered in the assessment
of the intensity levels; (c) the detailed local models decrease the uncertainties of loss estimation since the damage distribution
of sub-groups can be more accurately modelled compared to the general damage distribution models. 相似文献
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It is generally agreed that particle size distributions of sediments tend ideally to approximate the form of the lognormal probability law, but there is no single widely accepted explanation of how sedimentary processes generate the form of this law. Conceptually, and in its simplest form, sediment genesis involves the transformation of a parent rock mass into a particulate end product by processes that include size reduction and selection during weathering, transportation, and deposition. The many variables that operate simultaneously during this transformation can be shown to produce a distribution of particle sizes that approaches asymptotically the lognormal form when the effect of the variables is multiplicative. This was first shown by Kolmogorov (1941). Currently available models combine breakage and selection in differing degrees, but are similar in treating the processes as having multiplicative effects on particle sizes. The present paper, based on careful specification of the initial state, the nth breakage rule and the nth selection rule, leads to two stochastic models for particle breakage, and for both models the probability distributions of particle sizes are obtained. No attempt is made to apply these models to real world sedimentary processes, although this topic is touched upon in the closing remarks. 相似文献
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Statistical distribution models of multi-site binding equilibria have potential applicability in the study of acid-base and metal complexation chemistry of humic substances in soils, sediments, and natural waters. A mathematical derivation is presented for the general continuous model for the case of proton binding; computational methods are described for fitting numerically the parameters in such models. Among models considered are those based on nontruncated, truncated, and bimodal (mixed) distributions. Specific emphasis is placed on Gaussian distribution models. 相似文献
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土壤粒径分布是最基本的土壤物理性质。作为许多预测模型的输入参数,准确描述土壤的粒径分布是保证模拟质量的前提。评价了对数正态分布、三次样条、逻辑生长、改进逻辑生长以及van Genuchten方程等经验模型在描述土壤粒径分布中的适用情况。结果表明,改进的逻辑生长曲线模型预测效果最好,而广泛采用的对数正态分布的结果最差。其它3种模型的效果介于两者之间。根据5种粒径分布模型的模拟结果,利用分形方法来预测土壤水分特征曲线也得到了类似的结论。 相似文献
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P S Moharir 《Journal of Earth System Science》1992,101(4):347-359
Compound Poisson process models have been studied earlier for earthquake occurrences, with some arbitrary compounding distributions.
It is more meaningful to abstract information about the compounding distribution from the empirical observations on the earthquake
sequences. The difinition of a compound distribution can be interpreted as an integral transform of the compounding distribution.
The latter distribution can therefore be estimated by inverting the integral transform. Alternatively, from the moments of
the observable random variablesviz. (a) the number of earthquakes per unit time or (b) the waiting times for subsequent earthquakes, the moments of the compounding
distribution can be obtained. This information can be converted into a statement about the compounding distribution. 相似文献
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Vyacheslav Palchik 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(6):743-765
This paper describes the development and application of new mathematical models for estimation of well productivity during drainage of methane gob gas associated with coal extraction. It is established that the relationship between methane emission from surface gob gas wells and the duration of well production can be described by Gaussian (normal) distribution. Mathematical models based on using the Gaussian error distribution function and the Gaussian density function were proposed to describe the correlation between parameters of methane emission from gob gas wells, duration of well production, and time coordinate of maximum gas emission. These models allow prediction of the total volume of gas which can be extracted for the entire period of well production, the maximum volumetric flow rate of gas emission and the time coordinate of maximum gas emission using at least three measurement of gas volumetric rate (or gas volume) from a gas well at any time during the well production period. 相似文献
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Genetically meaningful decomposition of grain-size distributions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
All spatio-temporal grain-size patterns in sediments can be characterized by a mathematical representation of (un)mixing. This implies that an inverse model of (un)mixing would be ideally suited to obtain genetically meaningful interpretations of observed grain-size distributions (GSDs). GSDs are therefore often decomposed into theoretical end members by parametric curve-fitting procedures. Many researchers have been tempted to use goodness-of-fit measures as a means of justifying such decompositions in the absence of generic process-based models of end-member GSDs. A critical examination of parametric curve fitting through a series of numerical experiments shows that the goodness-of-fit of an approximation may be a poor guide to its genetic significance. The genetic interpretation of GSDs is a poorly constrained problem that cannot be solved without taking into account the geological context of GSDs, which may be captured by the covariance structure of grain-size classes across a series of GSDs sampled in a contiguous area. Curve-fitting methods cannot exploit this geological context, which explains why the geological relevance of curve-fitting results obtained in black-box mode is questionable. The desired genetic interpretation of GSDs can be obtained by applying the end-member-modelling algorithm EMMA to a series of GSDs simultaneously. Many end-member GSDs estimated by EMMA do not conform to one of the popular theoretical GSD models. Consequently, parametric curve fitting with theoretical distributions is more likely to obscure than to reveal the existence of genetically significant grain-size populations in sediments, especially if such populations are present in small proportions. 相似文献