首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The magnetic susceptibility of loess-palaeosol sequences in southern Poland and western Ukraine varies mainly with the degree of decomposition of detrital magnetite grains conditioned by palaeoclimate. Relatively high susceptibility values were observed in the unweathered loess horizons and in accumulation horizons of the non-gleyed soils which contain relatively high amounts of paramagnetic fraction and pedogenic (?) magnetite. The susceptibility curves characteristic for Polish and western Ukrainian loess-palaeosol sequences may be directly correlated with oxygen-isotope fluctuations in deep-sea sediments. This correlation is more complex than that for the Chinese or Alaskan loess-palaeosol sequences. The major causes of the complexities are the relatively small thicknesses of the investigated sections (especially their older horizons) and the heterogeneity of geochemical processes that affected loess surface in the interglacial and interstadial times.  相似文献   

2.
Grabowska-Olszewska, B., 1988. Engineering-geological problems of loess in Poland. Eng. Geol., 25: 177–199.

In Poland, loess covers are limited to a latitudinal belt in the southern part of the country. The covers vary from 2 to 30 m in thickness and the loesses are developed in three major facies: eolian, deluvial and alluvial. Stratigraphically, they represent four major horizons correlated with the Vistulian (Würm) Glaciation and some older ones. The paper presents characteristics of granulometric, mineral and chemical compositions with reference to origin, facies and stratigraphic position of these soils, as well as their lithofacies classification. The classification gives the basis for analysis of local and regional variability in engineering-geological properties of the loess.  相似文献   


3.
Geochemical and isotopic studies of aeolian sediments in China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
The Sr and Nd isotopic, rare earth element (REE) and major element compositions, together with mineral and grain‐size proportions, are reported for aeolian loess deposits and desert sands from several Chinese localities. The study was carried out in order to examine regional variations in the isotopic and geochemical features of these aeolian sediments, and to constrain the provenance of Chinese loess. Samples include loesses from the Tarim and Junggar basins and desert sands from the Taklimakan desert in north‐west China, loess from the Ordos area and desert sands from the Tengger and Mu‐us deserts in north‐central China, as well as loess and desert sands from the Naiman area, north‐east China. REE distributions show minimal variation among the Chinese loess deposits, whereas those for the desert sands show regional variations. New isotopic data document a latitudinal variation in Sr and Nd isotopic features for the loesses and desert sands. The Naiman and Junggar loesses have distinctly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios and higher εNd(0) values than the loesses from the Tarim Basin, the Ordos area and the Loess Plateau. Among the desert sands, the Naiman samples have higher εNd(0) values than the Taklimakan, Tengger and Mu‐us samples. Isotopic data suggest that loesses of the Loess Plateau were supplied from the Tarim Basin loesses and Taklimakan Desert sand, and that the Naiman loesses were supplied from the Junggar Basin loesses. The latitudinal variation in the loesses and desert sands may be partly explained by isotopic variations reported previously for moraines from the Tianshan and west Kunlun Mountains, which are possible sources for the loesses and desert sands. These inferences on the provenance of the loesses and desert sands are consistent with the dust transport pattern over East Asia.  相似文献   

4.
The analysis of low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was used to reconstruct the subglacial deposition conditions during the Main Stadial of the Odranian Glaciation (MIS 6) in till deposits from a site in Dębe (central Poland). Based on the AMS parameters, six till beds were identified (intervals 1–6). The declination of the maximum magnetic susceptibility axis (k1) indicates that the ice sheet was moving in from the northwest. The obtained results confirm the thesis about the preferred direction of ice-sheet transgression during the Odranian Glaciation (MIS 6) in this part of Poland. This interpretation is also confirmed by data obtained from measurements of the long axis of clasts, which agree with the orientation of k1. Based on the AMS results, a significant part of the profile was deformed through simple shear and direct interaction of the ice sheet with the underlying sediment (beds 2–5). The lowest part of the till (bed 6) may have been deposited on a southeast-trending slope or post-depositional deformed by uneven loading of the ice cover. The upper part of the profile (especially in interval 1) could be deposited with an impact of pore water.  相似文献   

5.
The ratio of oxygen and carbon isotopes is a criterion for the carbonate-genesis with distinct differences between marine, freshwater, soil and loess carbonates. In addition it becomes clear that there is a number of carbonate soils within the loess of the mediterranean region with distinguishable isotopic compositions. The components affecting the relation of the isotopes in these loesses and the intercalated soils are discussed. The carbonate-turnover during the sedimentation of the loess with carbonate-precipitation from remnant solutions seems to be of some importance. The relatively small participation of biogenic CO2 in the carbonate-turnover ist evident.  相似文献   

6.
不同地区非饱和黄土动力结构性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
王志杰  骆亚生  杨永俊 《岩土力学》2010,31(8):2459-2464
对兰州、洛川、杨凌地区黄土在不同含水率与不同应力状态下进行动扭剪三轴试验,测定了黄土的动剪应力-应变关系曲线;同时,依据Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型,改进了基于动剪应力考虑的土结构性定量化参数,并应用该参数对三地区非饱和黄土的动力结构性进行了分析。结果表明,三地区非饱和黄土的动力结构性参数随动剪应变的增大先降低,而后保持在一个稳定的水平;含水率与固结应力对黄土的动力结构性影响显著,在相同的固结应力条件下,含水率越低,黄土的动力结构性参数越大,在相同的含水率条件下,固结应力越小,黄土的动力结构性参数越大;在相同的条件下,杨凌地区黄土的动力结构性最强,洛川地区黄土次之,兰州地区黄土最弱,即黄土的动力结构性在地理空间分布上存在从西北向东南方向增强的规律。  相似文献   

7.
Loesses of the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV) are world-famous. Sir Charles Lyell (1847), Hilgard (1860), Stafford (1869), Call (1891) and Mabry (1898), thought the LMV loess was a single water deposit although “double submergence” was noted by Call (1891) and Salisbury (1891). Shimek (1902) and Emerson (1918) recognized LMV loess as a wind deposit which came from the valley. Although wind-deposited loess gained wide acceptance, Russell (1944a) published his controversial theory of “loessification” which entailed weathering of backswamp deposits, downslope movement and recharge by carbonates to form loess. Wascher et al. (1947) identified three LMV loesses, mapped distributions and strongly supported eolian deposition. Leighton and Willman (1950), identified four loesses and supported eolian deposition as did Krinitzsky and Turnbull (1967) and Snowden and Priddy (1968), but Krinitzky and Turnbull questioned the deepest loess. Daniels and Young (1968) and Touchet and Daniels (1970) studied the distribution of loesses in south-central Louisiana. West et al. (1980) and Rutledge et al. (1985) studied the source areas and wind directions which deposited the loesses on and adjoining Crowley's Ridge. B.J. Miller and co-workers (Miller et al., 1985, 1986, Miller and Alford, 1985) proposed that the Loveland Silt was Early Wisconsin rather than Illinoian age and advanced the name Sicily Island loess. They proposed the underlying loess was Illinoian and advanced the name Crowley's Ridge. We termed the loesses, from the surface downward, Peoria Loess, Roxana Silt, Loveland/Sicily Island loess, Crowley's Ridge Loess and Marianna loess. Researchers agree that the surfical Peoria Loess is Late Wisconsin and the Roxana Silt is Late to Middle Wisconsin, but little agreement exists on the age of the older loesses. Pye and Johnson (1988) proposed Early Wisconsin for the Loveland/Sicily Island. McKay and Follmer (1985) suggested this loess correlated with a loess under Illinoian till. Clark et al. (1989) agreed on Crowley's Ridge, but suggested the Loveland/Sicily Island loess on Sicily Island was older. Mirecki and Miller (1994) and Millard and Maat (1994) suggested an Illinoian age for the Loveland/Sicily Island loess. Miller and co-workers suggested, as did Pye and Johnson (1988), an Illinoian age for the Crowley's Ridge loess. McKay and Follmer (1985) suggested it correlated with a loess under “Kansan” till. Stratigraphy indicates the Marianna is the older of the five loesses.

Researchers identified loess on both the east and west side of the LMV as well as on higher terraces within the valley. Many researchers assumed unaltered loesses were commonly yellowish brown, and silts or silt loams (West et al., 1980; Miller et al., 1986). The nonclay fraction of unweathered LMV loesses was dominated by quartz followed * Corresponding author. by carbonates, mainly dolomites, followed by feldspars, and micas. Clays were dominated by montmorillonite followed by micaceous minerals, kaolinite and vermiculite (Miller et al., 1986). Soils in the Crowley's Ridge loess are most developed, followed by the soils in the Loveland/Sicily Island which are more developed than the modern soils in the Peoria Loess. Soils in the Roxana and Marianna loesses are least developed and the Farmdale Soil of the Roxana is the weaker of the two (Miller et al., 1986). There is certainly overlapping range in the degree of soil development in the various loesses.  相似文献   


8.
前人对中国黄土高原晚更新世黄土沉积物的磁化率各向异性的研究表明,磁化率椭球体最大轴(Kmax)偏角的方向能够指示黄土沉积时期的搬运动力方向,即古风向,并可以通过这种途径进行古季风的重建.本研究试图通过对中国黄土高原晚上新世-早更新世转折时期的风成沉积磁化率各向异性研究进一步检验其在古风向重建方面的应用潜力.选择分别地处黄土高原中部、南部和东部地区的灵台、渭南和保德3个剖面,对红粘土向黄土过渡时期4个不同地层单元古土壤层(S32)、黄土层(L33)、过渡层(TU)以及红粘土沉积(RC)的样品进行了磁化率各向异性测量,结果表明磁线理L值很小,而磁面理F较为发育,这与前人对晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果一致;同时,4个不同地层单元的磁面理F、各向异性度P和形状因子T在3个剖面上均表现出随土壤发育程度增强而减小的变化趋势,说明后期的成壤作用能够不同程度地降低磁面理、磁化率各向异性度以及形状因子的大小.与前人对于晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果不同的是3个剖面的S32,L33,TU以及RC的Kmax的偏角似乎并不能反映出当时的搬运动力方向,即古风向,而长期的压实作用以及不同程度的后期土壤化作用是造成这一时期黄土和红粘土沉积物磁化率各向异性最大轴偏角方向未能反映出当时搬运动力方向(古风向)的原因之一.  相似文献   

9.
The last deglaciation of the Franz Victoria Trough, northern Barents Sea   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
A study of two piston cores and a 3.5 kHz seismic profile from the Franz Victoria Trough provides new stratigraphic, stable isotopic and foraminiferal AMS 14C data that help constrain the timing of ice-sheet retreat in the northern Barents Sea and the nature of the deglacial marine environment. Silty diamicton at the base of each core, interpreted as till or ice-marginal debris flow, suggests that the Barents ice sheet was grounded at the core sites (470 m water depth). Eight AMS 14C dates on sediment overlying the diamicton indicate that the ice sheet retreated from both core sites by 12.9 ka and that postglacial sedimentation began 10 ka ago. These dates, combined with a recently published 14C date from a nearby core, suggest that the Franz Victoria Trough may not have been deglaciated until c . 13 ka, 2000 years later than modeled ice-sheet reconstructions indicate. In the trough, oxygen isotopic ratios in planktonic foraminifera N. pachyderma (sinistral) were 0.5–0.750, lower during deglaciation than after, probably as a result of ice-sheet and/or iceberg melting. Foraminiferal assemblages suggest that Atlantic-derived intermediate water may have begun to penetrate the trough c . 13 ka ago.  相似文献   

10.
J. Šajgalik 《GeoJournal》1991,24(2):165-174
The Slovak Carpathians in Pleistocene presented a very articulate territory, so that loesses, as well as loess-like deposits could occur here with various lithofacial types.Based on a complex evaluation of a great number of loess samples of the Danubian lowland and their analysis by methods of mathematical statistics, it was possible to create a realistic model of the base soil. For the statistical processing we picked 4 selective sets of the Danubian lowland hilly country, where each set can be considered as a homogeneous engineering geological type.By comparing the loess properties of the Danubian lowland with the loesses of other European countries (mainly USSR), it can be stated that the studied loesses are not so dangerous from the sagging standpoint. The increase of the oedometric modulus with the depth was shown. Similar relationships were derived also for the parametres of shear strength.The regional characteristics of the loess mechanical properties will serve well in the initial phases of investigation, planning and designing, but also in more exact geoo technical calculations.  相似文献   

11.
在前人对甘肃白银—靖远地区早白垩世河口群（K1H）沙漠研究的基础上,对皋兰地区的河口群进行了沉积结构、构造和石英砂颗粒表面特征等综合对比分析,确认皋兰地区亦存在沙漠沉积。首次通过系统测量研究区风成沙丘的前积层的产状,对当时的古风向、古风带进行了恢复,结果表明,早白垩世晚期研究区盛行西风,与东部鄂尔多斯盆地早白垩世罗汉洞组（K1l）沙漠沉积风向记录完全一致。岩性特征与古风向的一致性表明,研究区与鄂尔多斯盆地均处于北半球西风带中,研究区可能为＂古鄂尔多斯沙海＂的一部分。  相似文献   

12.
Lost loesses     
《Earth》2006,74(3-4):309-316
Loesses form wide belts in front of previously glaciated areas. Their thicknesses may be considerable, changing in Eurasia from maximally a few metres in the west to a hundred metres or more in the east. The Eastern (particularly Chinese) loesses are mostly unrelated to glaciations. The periglacial loesses from China and elsewhere predominantly date from the last Pleistocene glaciation: relatively few comparable occurrences are known from earlier Quaternary glaciations. As it is difficult to imagine that the conditions in front of the land-ice masses during the earlier glaciations differed fundamentally from those of the last one, considerable quantities of loess must have disappeared. This disappearance, which is commonly ascribed to fluvial and eolian erosion, is not easily explained as equivalent deposits that may have the older loesses as a source, are practically absent. A possible explanation might be that loess is recycled during successive glaciations. Some loess disappears during interglacials by erosion, but this quantity is more than compensated by the formation of new silt particles. The implication would be that the loess deposits increase in volume for each new glaciation.  相似文献   

13.
The azimuth of imbrication of minimum magnetic susceptibility axes in the youngest loess from Ukraine defines prevailing wind directions during aeolian sedimentation. It changes along the studied sections. These changes can be directly correlated with the fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The northern and northeastern winds noted in the loess succession separated by a period when southwestern to southeastern winds were predominant may be correlated with two main phases of ice‐sheet advance during the Last Glacial Maximum. The ice‐sheet advances towards the areas of loess deposition generated katabatic winds that influenced aeolian sedimentation in the periglacial zone. A period of relatively stable wind directions during a younger phase of the Last Glacial Maximum was interrupted by periods with more chaotic wind regime most probably caused by fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during its retreat from the peri‐Baltic part of Europe. These intervals occur where initial soils developed. The distribution of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility axes defined along the periglacial loess sections from central and eastern Europe can serve to constrain fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet.  相似文献   

14.
The glaciotectonic deformations near the northeastern margin of the Sudetic Foreland, SW Poland. were formed during one glacial episode. They are relatively small and are truncated. Deformation structures have no recognizable relationship to the thick Neogene clay in the basement; they have variable relations to the morphology and indicate transverse to opposite directions of the glacial push in very small areas within a distance of 2 to 5 km. This suggests an unusual deformational history. Deformations have probably been created due to sliearing en masse of the anisotropic sediments and during the ice-sheet advance. Deformation structures have been formed a few kilometres ahead of the curved ice margin, which created 'glaciotectonic hills' with strongly differentiated orientations of thrust structures and folds.  相似文献   

15.
在前人对甘肃白银—靖远地区早白垩世河口群(K1H)沙漠研究的基础上,对皋兰地区的河口群进行了沉积结构、构造和石英砂颗粒表面特征等综合对比分析,确认皋兰地区亦存在沙漠沉积。首次通过系统测量研究区风成沙丘的前积层的产状,对当时的古风向、古风带进行了恢复,结果表明,早白垩世晚期研究区盛行西风,与东部鄂尔多斯盆地早白垩世罗汉洞组(K1l)沙漠沉积风向记录完全一致。岩性特征与古风向的一致性表明,研究区与鄂尔多斯盆地均处于北半球西风带中,研究区可能为“古鄂尔多斯沙海”的一部分。  相似文献   

16.
Although loess–paleosol sequences are among the most important records of Quaternary climate change and past dust deposition cycles, few modern examples of such sedimentation systems have been studied. Stratigraphic studies and 22 new accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages from the Matanuska Valley in southern Alaska show that loess deposition there began sometime after 6500 14C yr B.P. and has continued to the present. The silts are produced through grinding by the Matanuska and Knik glaciers, deposited as outwash, entrained by strong winds, and redeposited as loess. Over a downwind distance of 40 km, loess thickness, sand content, and sand-plus-coarse-silt content decrease, whereas fine-silt content increases. Loess deposition was episodic, as shown by the presence of paleosols, at distances >10 km from the outwash plain loess source. Stratigraphic complexity is at a maximum (i.e., the greatest number of loesses and paleosols) at intermediate (10–25 km) distances from the loess source. Surface soils increase in degree of development with distance downwind from the source, where sedimentation rates are lower. Proximal soils are Entisols or Inceptisols, whereas distal soils are Spodosols. Ratios of mobile CaO, K2O, and Fe2O3 to immobile TiO2 show decreases in surface horizons with distance from the source. Thus, as in China, where loess deposition also takes place today, eolian sedimentation and soil formation are competing processes. Study of loess and paleosols in southern Alaska shows that particle size can vary over short distances, loess deposition can be episodic over limited time intervals, and soils developed in stabilized loess can show considerable variability under the same vegetation.  相似文献   

17.
黄土的构度指标及其试验确定方法   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  
黄土的结构性是一个重要的物理性质指标,它与土的粒度、密度和湿度一起影响土的力学性质。依据加荷、扰动、浸水释放土结构势的方法,由土的无侧限抗压强度定义了黄土结构性的构度指标。通过多个场地不同黄土的无侧限单轴压缩试验,测试分析了不同含水率原状土、重塑土和饱和原状土的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线及无侧限抗压强度变化规律,由此得出土的构度指标的变化规律。并且,在粒度、密度、湿度相似条件下,比较分析了土的构度指标与其压缩性之间的关系。土的构度指标与粒度、密度和湿度指标一起能够合理描述土的物理力学基本性质。  相似文献   

18.
The style of Pleistocene outwash sedimentation in the foreland of the central European Mountains (the Carpathians and Sudetes) was controlled to a large extent by the topography. The deposits of three outwash plains formed in various morphological situations in front of the Upper Odra Lobe during the Odranian glaciation (older Saalian) are described here to show the conditions of their development and to reveal the relation between outwash plain sedimentology and proglacial topography. One outwash plain was formed between the mountain front and the ice-sheet margin, which advanced into the zone of fore-mountain alluvial fans. This outwash, deposited parallel to the ice margin, was under the considerable influence of extraglacial rivers flowing from the mountains. The second outwash was deposited in a small valley dipping away from the ice sheet and successively buried by glaciofluvial sediments. It evolved from a narrow valley sandur to an unconfined outwash plain. The third one was formed in a relatively broad, dammed valley dipping towards the ice sheet, where proglacial lake base level controlled the pattern of outwash channels as well as the character of the sedimentation. The studied outwash plains have different sedimentary successions. Their sedimentary profiles differ from each other even in the neighbouring valleys, indicating that distinct depositional conditions existed at the same time in closely spaced areas. It is suggested that the glaciomarginal deposition was controlled mostly by the orientation of the valleys and the inter-valley areas relative to the ice-sheet front. Size and morphology of valleys and interfluves were also important. Depending on their orientation, the outwash plains were fed by meltwaters in various ways; the dip of their surfaces was markedly different and the dynamics of the proglacial river systems were diverse.  相似文献   

19.
The large ice sheets in North America and Europe and the extensive sea-ice cover in the North Atlantic at the time of the last glacial maximum must have greatly modified the surface temperature patterns and, in turn, the location and intensity of the surface winds and jet streams. A general circulation model was used to simulate the January and July patterns of temperature, precipitation, and wind for 18 ka BP. Boundary conditions for the model, consisting of ice-sheet location and height, sea-ice location, and sea-surface temperature were prescribed from CLIMAP (1981). The model results are illustrated and described for the North American/North Atlantic/European sector. The jet stream splits around the North American ice-sheet, and the southern branch strengthens considerably (compared to present) over the southern portion of the United States, the sea-ice margin of the North Atlantic, and the southern edge of the European ice-sheet. Geologic evidence, principally from North America, of wind, temperature and moisture conditions is assessed from sand dune and loess records, estimates of snowline depression, pollen records and lake-level studies. The geologic evidence is generally compatible with the model simulation.  相似文献   

20.
对黄土高原南部边缘公王岭黄土剖面的磁组构的研究发现,该剖面与前人的研究结果有一些相似之处,但更具有其特殊性.几乎所有样品的磁面理值F都大于磁线理值L,各向异性度P与磁面理值F相关性较高,磁化率椭球体表现为压扁状.水成黄土的P、L和F值均大于典型黄土古土壤,而混合黄土或古土壤则介于这两者之间.且典型黄土的P、L和F值也比典型古土壤高.另一方面,水成黄土的最大磁化率主轴方向为SW方向,与现代灞河水系的方向一致,其次要的方向为NNW方向.典型黄土的方向表现为SWW方向,而典型古土壤则为NNW方向,这是由于秦岭山脉的阻隔作用造成的.混合黄土或古土壤受到季风和坡面流水的共同作用,其最大磁化率主轴方向表现为EW方向.不同类型沉积物代表了不同的古环境古气候条件,这一切都可能受控于秦岭山脉阶段性抬升等构造运动的影响.本研究结果也将为进一步了解蓝田直立人的生存环境提供新的方法.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号