共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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基于地震反演来分离混采数据的方法,笔者提出用K次迭代奇异值分解(K-SVD)来更新Radon域下混叠信号中的字典原子的方法:在同步源采集和地震稀疏反演的背景下,将混合地震信号的分离视为稀疏反演问题,将共检波点域的数据表示在Radon域内,此时有效信号同相轴收敛;对数据阈值滤波后进行分块字典学习,进一步稀疏地表示地震数据;最后,固定字典,更新恢复信号和稀疏系数完成分离。模拟和实际资料处理结果表明:该方法对于混采数据的分离相对中值滤波、小波变换等更有效、分离质量明显提升,可应用于实际混叠数据中。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2020,(3)
高效混叠采集技术可以实现多组激发源同时激发产生地震波场,大大提高采集效率,但是由于相邻激发源之间较短的等待时间,会使得地震数据产生严重的混叠干扰,影响地震数据成像质量。针对此问题,设计了一种改进型seislet域迭代阈值压制混叠噪声方法。该方法首先采用中值滤波对经过NMO后的混叠数据进行滤波,然后利用seislet域迭代阈值去噪技术提取剩余的有效信号,并和经过中值滤波后的结果相加,接着再利用混叠算子计算去混叠噪声后地震数据的伪分离结果,然后求取该伪分离数据和原始混叠地震数据的差值,再次重复上述步骤,将每步骤提取的剩余有效信号进行累加,直到信噪比达到期望值,输出最终压制混叠噪声的地震数据。通过数据验证,本文改进方法可以在压制混叠干扰的同时,有效的保护信号。 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2019,(6)
混采技术可以实现多台震源同时激发产生地震波场,有效提高采集效率,但是混采技术会产生严重的混叠干扰,降低地震数据的信噪比。针对此问题,引入多级中值滤波,设计了一种基于seislet域阈值去噪和多级中值滤波相结合的混叠噪声压制方法。该方法首先采用大步长中值滤波和seislet域阈值去噪相结合的方法得到初始压制混叠噪声的地震数据,再利用混叠算子计算去混叠噪声后地震数据的伪分离数据,然后求取该伪分离数据和原始混叠地震数据的差值,再次应用较小步长中值滤波提取剩余信号,并与上一步骤得到的去混叠后的地震数据相加,并再次进行seislet域阈值去噪,依次循环,直到信噪比达到期望值。通过模拟数据测试,并与F-K域迭代阈值去噪方法和常规seislet域迭代阈值方法相比,本方法在压制混叠噪声的同时,可以更好地保护有效信号。 相似文献
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随着多震源同时激发采集方法在地震油气勘探领域的应用逐年增加,许多学者对其关键技术多震源地震数据混叠噪声分离进行了研究,就目前为止,仍需开展保真度更高的方法研究。基于以下设想:对多震源地震数据做正常时差校正(NMO),可以加强反射信号的线性分布程度(尤其在共中心点CMP道集内),并扩大反射信号和混叠噪声的分布差异;单域分离混叠噪声,仅针对混叠噪声和反射信号的某一分布特性差异进行分离,多t-x域联合分离可综合利用各t-x域内混叠噪声和反射信号在各域内的分布差异,其分离效果更好。首先,通过对多震源数据CMP道集做NMO以强化反射信号的线性程度、扩大随机分布混叠噪声的离散程度,利用中值滤波分离大部分混叠噪声,再在其他t-x域内(如共炮点CSG道集、共检波点CRG道集和共偏移距COG道集等)根据残余混叠噪声分布特征利用随机噪声衰减等方法进一步分离,并在整个分离处理中使用保幅处理方法。提出的多t-x域联合分离混叠噪声方法,经理论数据验证,相较于单域分离方法可以有效且保真分离多震源数据中的混叠噪声,并对其他噪声和横波有一定的压制作用;实际数据应用效果表明,该方法比单域方法分离效果较好,叠后成像效果品质较高。多t-x域联合分离混叠噪声方法,能够稳定、可靠和保真地分离多震源地震数据中的混叠噪声。 相似文献
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提出一种基于谱反演方法的叠后地震数据纵波阻抗反演算法,用于提高地震反演精度。谱反演在地震高分辨率和反射系数反演中应用广泛,其基于反射系数的奇偶分解,能降低薄层之间的调谐效应,使反演数据体的分辨率得以提高,而由反射系数计算纵波阻抗的过程不适定,分步进行纵波阻抗反演会引入较大的累积误差。本研究提出基于谱反演方法的叠后纵波阻抗反演算法,引入TV正则化约束目标方程,通过迭代求解,可直接得到相对阻抗,然后同预先建立的低频模型进行频率域融合得到绝对阻抗。模型和实际数据说明,相比基于稀疏脉冲反褶积的阻抗反演,本文提出的方法反演分辨率较高,更有利于后续储层预测等研究的开展。 相似文献
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由于离散运算,Radon变换方法中存在截断效应,传统的最小二乘约束反演并不能有效抑制这种效应。介绍了一种频域空间稀疏约束算法,在反演迭代过程中,根据前一次迭代的结果,通过贝叶斯原理将加权矩阵与前一次迭代的结果联系起来,得到新的加权矩阵;然后求解这个加权矩阵方程,得到频率域的稀疏解。比较了用最小二乘反演和压制截断效应的Radon域变换的效果,后者效果明显优于前者。模拟了一个5层的水平地层的地质模型,用这种压制截断效应的Radon变换进行了VSP资料的上下行波场的分离,得到了较好的效果。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2016,(5)
叠前地震全波形反演是利用波动方程正演模拟来描述地震波传播特征,通过非线性局部寻优方法来获取高精度反演结果的方法。与其他反演方法相比,全波形反演利用的是叠前炮域地震数据,没有经过叠加处理,更好地保留了振幅、相位、频率等波形参数随偏移距变化的特征。在反演结果中得到的不再是简单的界面和旅行时信息,而是反映地层速度和构造特征的深度域数据体,有助于对地质体的分析和认识。从叠前全波形反演方法的优势出发,通过理论模型的全波形反演,分析做好全波形反演的技术关键,然后将全波形反演方法应用于实际资料处理,并将反演结果应用于偏移处理和河流相储层识别中,取得了良好的应用效果。最后针对全波形反演实际资料应用中应该注意的问题进行了总结,为叠前全波形反演的进一步发展和应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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针对常规叠后稀疏脉冲反演方法分辨率不足,以及传统叠后地质统计学反演方法缺乏横向地质意义的局限,应用基于高分辨率波形指示反演方法刻画了四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩薄储层段波阻抗剖面展布及其优质页岩储层段时间域厚度平面展布情况。通过对焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩薄储层段波阻抗剖面展布进行“盲井”检测,与常规叠后稀疏脉冲反演方法的刻画精度相比,高分辨率波形指示反演方法计算结果的刻画精度提高了一倍。进一步应用高分辨率波形指示反演方法模拟了焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩薄储层段有机碳含量(TOC)剖面展布,为后期页岩储层精细评价以及“甜点”预测奠定了基础。 相似文献
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混合震源采集（下称混采）技术是当前地震勘探的潮流。但是由混采获得的数据中包含相互重叠的由多个震源激发产生的炮记录,会对后续的地震数据处理产生严重干扰。本文针对现有的基于混采数据的稀疏反演一次波估计（EPSI）方法,提出了一种改进的基于三维稀疏反演的混采数据分离与一次波估计方法。我们将混采EPSI方法的地下一次波响应估计过程转化为基于L1范数的双凸优化问题,并用基于L1范数的谱投影梯度（SPGL1）算法进行求解,确保取得全局极值,从而稳定反演过程。此外,我们还用二维曲波变换和一维小波变换组成三维联合稀疏变换对反演过程进行约束,能在确保求解精度的同时较以往的三维曲波稀疏约束大大提高计算速度。将本文方法应用于模拟混采数据和海上实际混采数据,将试算结果与传统混采数据EPSI方法对比,全面验证了本文所述方法的有效性和优越性。 相似文献
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随着高精度地震勘探技术的发展,利用高保真的方法提高地震资料信噪比成为了去噪处理的关键。曲波域阈值法能够有效地压制随机噪声,但易产生伪吉布斯震荡现象,造成信号局部畸变,从而影响处理效果。针对这一问题,提出一种基于压缩感知理论（Compressing Sensing,简称CS）的地震信号去噪方法,该方法利用随机噪声和有效信号在曲波稀疏域稀疏表征的差异来分离随机噪声。其实现步骤为:将地震数据变换到曲波域;利用压缩感知理论和全变差正则化算法重构曲波系数;曲波逆变换得到压制噪声后的重构地震数据。理论模型和实际资料应用表明,该方法能够很好规避伪吉布斯现象带来的信号失真问题,进一步提高了资料的信噪比。 相似文献
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阐述了有色反演的基本原理,并给出了反演流程。通过模型试算,明确有色反演关键参数的物理意义及取值范围,并在孤南洼陷实际工区应用,较好地刻画出沙三下早期低位扇体的横向展布范围。与常规地震属性相比,反演结果更加符合沉积规律,与实钻井岩性分布情况吻合程度高。表明有色反演在保留地震数据原始现象的基础上,分辨率明显提高,适合无井或少井区的地层或岩性解释。 相似文献
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压制噪声的高分辨率Radon变换法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Radon变换在地震处理中有诸多应用,在地震同相轴识别和估计方面有良好效果。对最小平方意义下反演和基于贝叶斯原理的稀疏约束反演的Radon变换域结果进行了对比,后者的变换效果更好,收敛能量的分辨率高,即压制了离散运算中的截断效应。又通过加噪模型数据,对比了高分辨率Radon变换方法和Radon域内的二维蒙版滤波方法,两者压制规则干扰和随机噪声的效果较好并且结果相似,但后者计算效率较高。在实际数据处理中,比较了FK滤波、高分辨率线性和抛物线Radon变换,以及二维蒙版滤波方法的去噪效果和计算效率,选择二维蒙版滤波方法最优。 相似文献
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对理论模型合成的稀疏测线数据和面积性数据以及实测单一测线数据进行了三维反演。通过对比分析合成稀疏测线数据和面积性数据的三维反演结果发现,使用4个张量阻抗元素作为反演数据的稀疏测线数据的三维反演结果可以较好地反映三维目标体,虽然效果可能不如面积性数据的三维反演结果。实测单一测线数据的三维反演结果也较好地揭示测线周围地下基岩界面的三维起伏情况。合成数据和实测资料的三维反演结果表明:可以采用三维反演解释的方法对大地电磁稀疏测线资料进行反演解释。同时,从合成数据的三维反演结果分析可以看出,对大地电磁稀疏测线资料进行三维反演,应尽可能反演所有张量数据;对大地电磁面积性资料进行三维反演,可以只使用两个非对角元素数据,但使用所有张量数据的效果更好。 相似文献
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Construction of predictive reservoir models invariably involves interpretation and interpolation between limited available data and adoption of imperfect modeling assumptions that introduce significant subjectivity and uncertainty into the modeling process. In particular, uncertainty in the geologic continuity model can significantly degrade the quality of fluid displacement patterns and predictive modeling outcomes. Here, we address a standing challenge in flow model calibration under uncertainty in geologic continuity by developing an adaptive sparse representation formulation for prior model identification (PMI) during model calibration. We develop a flow-data-driven sparsity-promoting inversion to discriminate against distinct prior geologic continuity models (e.g., variograms). Realizations of reservoir properties from each geologic continuity model are used to generate sparse geologic dictionaries that compactly represent models from each respective prior. For inversion initially the same number of elements from each prior dictionary is used to construct a diverse geologic dictionary that reflects a wide range of variability and uncertainty in the prior continuity. The inversion is formulated as a sparse reconstruction problem that inverts the flow data to identify and linearly combine the relevant elements from the large and diverse set of geologic dictionary elements to reconstruct the solution. We develop an adaptive sparse reconstruction algorithm in which, at every iteration, the contribution of each dictionary to the solution is monitored to replace irrelevant (insignificant) elements with more geologically relevant (significant) elements to improve the solution quality. Several numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for identification of geologic continuity in practical model calibration problems where the uncertainty in the prior geologic continuity model can lead to biased inversion results and prediction. 相似文献
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YanHanjie YanHong LiYunping ZhangXiaofeng 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(3):227-233
As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path. 相似文献
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Xuliang Feng 《地球科学进展》2019,34(1):57-71
Inversion of density interfaces using gravity data has traditionally been an important part of gravity research, and plays an increasingly important role in areas such as regional tectonic research and oil and gas exploration.The density interface inversion methods can be divided into the frequency domain and spatial domain methods according to different computing domains. The frequency domain inversion methods have been considered in previous literature. This paper briefly introduced the rationale and the advance of the direct iterative method, the ridge regression method and the regularization method,which are most studied and used among the spatial domain methods. The performance of the three methods showed that the inversion results of the direct iteration method and the ridge regression method are both the smooth shape density interfaces, while the regularization method can estimate the density interfaces of non-smooth morphology, and is convenient to add prior constraint information. The inversion results of density interface are greatly determined by the precision of potential field separation. The prior information should be used as constraints for gravity field separation as far as possible or the layer-by-layer separation technique could be adopted. The density contrast of the density interface also has noticeable impact on the inversion result. It is necessary to make full use of the rock density data to build a three-dimensional density contrast variation model that conforms to the tectonic features to improve the inversion accuracy.In terms of the theory of inversion method, it is also necessary to combine prior constraint information (which can be obtained through drilling and seismic data, etc.) to improve the accuracy of inversion.More importantly, it is necessary to define the corresponding relationship between the inverted density interface and the geological structure interface in order to evaluate the inversion results correctly.Finally, this paper discussed the developing trend and study emphasis for density interface inversion.The inversion methods that are suitable for large regional or global scale need to be studied with the rapid development of gravity observation technology and the diversification of research objectives. With the increasing difficulty of geological target exploration, it is also urgent to study the optimal single-density interface inversion method conforming to the tectonic features and develop the multi-layer density interface inversion method. 相似文献