共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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《地震工程与工程振动》2021,41(4)
在易损性分析中,存在对结构阈值的不确定性研究较少,对阈值的选择通常为规范中的数值,得到的破坏概率仅为固定数值等问题,文中同时考虑结构响应和阈值不确定性,建立一种基于概率-非概率混合模型的结构地震易损性分析方法。基于Opensees建立桥梁有限元模型,选择最大支座纵向位移、最大桥墩柱弯曲延性作为衡量结构性能的工程需求参数,并被视为符合二元对数正态分布的概率随机变量;以混凝土应变作为反映结构极限状态的指标,利用增量动力分析法,获得工程需求参数阈值的样本数据,利用灰度理论得到阈值的取值区间,并将阈值视为非概率凸集变量;建立基于概率-非概率混合模型的二维性能极限状态方程,利用混合模型的可靠性分析法求解破坏概率,建立易损性曲线。为对比计算结果,将阈值分别拟定为服从对数正态分布的随机变量和固定数值,并通过蒙特卡洛法求解破坏概率,研究表明:通过概率-非概率混合模型可有效得到破坏概率的区间估计,从而弥补了传统研究中只能得到固定数值破坏概率的问题;不考虑阈值的随机性会对分析结果产生较大影响。 相似文献
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砌体填充墙钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)框架结构在强地震作用下容易损伤破坏,我国规范建议填充墙与框架之间采用彼此脱开或柔性连接做法,但这也增加了填充墙平面外倒塌的风险。基于此对一种新型柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构进行了平面外的拟静力试验研究,分析了其失效过程、受力特征和破坏模式。结果表明：砌体填充墙RC框架结构平面外承载能力主要依靠于拱承载机制,槽钢轨道可以有效提高框架对填充墙两侧的约束作用,防止填充墙与框架之间的相对滑动,有利于水平拱承载机制的形成。对比普通柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构,采用新型柔性连接的开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构,平面外的峰值承载力和峰值承载力处割线刚度分别提高了44.14%和9.70%;新型柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构在峰值承载力状态下和极限承载力状态下,其罕遇地震作用加速度相比于普通柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构分别提高了81.03%和77.36%。因此,采用新型柔性连接构造可有效提高开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构的承载能力,改善开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构平面外的稳定性,从而提高开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构平面外的抗... 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(2)
为了分析高耸钢筋混凝土烟囱结构的抗震性能,本文选取240 m高的钢筋混凝土烟囱作为研究对象;采用Open Sees程序,基于分布塑性的纤维梁柱单元,建立了相应结构的非线性有限元三维分析模型。为充分考虑地震动的不确定性,根据谱相容性原则,选择21条真实的地震动记录,进行增量动力分析。分别以截面曲率延性系数和地面加速度峰值作为结构地震需求参数和地震动强度参数,结合非线性增量动力分析所获得的结构地震响应,基于对数正态分布假设,通过回归分析建立了结构的概率地震需求模型。以钢筋和混凝土的材料应变水平为基础,通过95个截面的分析结果定义了4个损伤状态限值;最终形成了钢筋混凝土烟囱结构的地震易损性曲线,对烟囱结构的易损性能进行了评估和分析。分析结果表明:该烟囱结构在多遇地震、基本地震及罕遇地震下发生轻微损伤的概率分别为0、20%和75%,而发生中等损伤、严重损伤及完全损伤的概率基本为0。本文对于地震易损性的研究结果,可为钢筋混凝土烟囱结构的抗震设计、地震风险评估及灾后加固提供理论依据。 相似文献
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采用对角斜撑模拟纵向填充墙的作用,建立考虑填充墙和不考虑填充墙厂房结构模型,采用拉丁超立方抽样技术建立考虑材料不确定性的结构分析样本,基于随机Pushover分析确定结构不同破坏状态下的统计参数。综合考虑结构材料强度及输入地震动不确定性的影响,通过非线性时程分析开展单层钢筋混凝土厂房结构易损性研究,在此基础上比较结构横、纵向易损性的差异,研究填充墙对结构易损性的影响。研究结果表明:钢筋混凝土厂房结构体系横向地震易损性显著大于纵向地震易损性;对纵向结构体系而言,加入填充墙会明显降低结构易损性,但在相同强度的地震动作用下,填充墙破坏程度比主体结构严重,这与厂房结构的实际震害特征相符。 相似文献
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为研究填充墙对底层框架多层砌体房屋地震反应的影响,以典型的填充墙-底层框架多层砌体房屋为基础,建立有限元计算模型并进行了弹塑性动力时程分析。根据不同模型的计算结果以及填充墙的刚度和强度,分析了填充墙对底层框架多层砌体房屋自振周期、地震作用下房屋整体变形、底层框架的损伤以及填充墙与底层框架相互作用的影响。计算结果表明：填充墙对房屋整体地震反应产生明显影响,其影响不能忽略。在上部砌体结构质量和刚度不变的情况下,结构自振周期随着填充墙刚度的增加而降低;随着填充墙与底层框架之间连接作用的增强,结构整体的变形减小,底层框架的损伤增大。当填充墙与底层框架之间采用弱连接时,采用强度较高的填充墙可以提高结构整体的变形能力,从而提高结构整体的抗震能力。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2015,(3)
针对当前砌体填充墙框架结构数值模拟中缺乏简单有效的填充墙建模方法,缺少对填充墙-框架刚性连接和柔性连接的考虑等问题,提出了基于等效弹簧单元的填充墙框架结构有限元分析方法。首先,将填充墙框架结构拆分成空框架和等效约束填充墙,其中等效约束填充墙综合考虑了填充墙对框架柱的侧向约束,以及主体框架对填充墙的闭合约束;其次,在粉煤灰空心砌块墙体及砌体填充墙框架结构水平往复荷载试验的基础上,分析了墙-框刚性连接与柔性连接情况下等效约束填充墙的力学性能,提出了填充墙的滞回曲线模型及等效弹簧有限元分析模型;最后,分别进行了刚性连接和柔性连接填充墙框架结构水平单调荷载作用下的有限元试验拟合。计算结果表明:等效弹簧单元能够有效模拟等效约束填充墙的工作,且建模方式简便易行,特别适用于砌体填充墙框架整体结构的数值模拟分析。 相似文献
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我国现存着大量的未经抗震设防或按老旧规范抗震设防的砌体建筑,为了避免这些建筑在地震作用下的严重破坏,需要对其进行加固。近年来发生的汶川地震和芦山地震中,很多砌体结构损伤严重,但尚未倒塌,这些砌体结构是否可以修复,如何修复,修复后抗震性能有什么变化,目前还没有系统的研究可以借鉴。本文在基于性能的地震工程框架下,对砌体结构进行抗震加固与震后修复,并通过足尺结构试验评估其性能。本文主要工作如下:(1)对某老旧砌体结构采用后张预应力技术进行抗震加固,并对加固后砌体结构进行了双向拟静力试验。附加预应力水平采用砌体结构抗压强度设计值的20%,在提高承载力的同时避免剪压破坏。本文详细介绍了后张预应力加固二层砌体结构模型的加固流程,拟静力试验的加载和测量方案,并对砌体结构的损伤程度进行了分析和评估。(2)对采用后张预应力技术加固的砌体结构进行数值模拟。分别采用MSC.Marc和OpenSEES软件建立了加固砌体结构的精细化有限元模型和宏观力学模型。精细化有限元模型采用连续化方法和弹塑性损伤模型模拟砌体的破坏过程;而宏观力学模型采用剪切弹簧模拟墙片的宏观力学行为,通过分析50个后张预应力加固砌体墙片的试验数据,回归了加固墙片的开裂荷载计算公式。通过精细化有限元模型和宏观力学模型得到的滞回曲线与试验曲线的对比可知,这两种建模方法与试验吻合的较好,可以为该种结构的抗震性能研究提供一定的参考。(3)未加固砌体结构拟静力试验。预应力加固结构拟静力试验后结构的第二层破坏较轻,刚度损伤较小。为了对比加固效果,本文将第一层用钢梁固定,而将预应力筋值调整为结构第二层自重对第一层的压应力,对第二层结构进行加载,模拟未加固结构的首层力学性能。通过对比可知,预应力加固可使结构的峰值承载力提高至未加固结构的2倍左右,且结构的耗能能力也大幅度增加。(4)基于性能的砌体结构修复研究。对上述试验过后的损伤结构进行损伤评估后,综合考虑费用、工期和修复后承载力三方面的因素确定修复目标,根据修复目标选择增设构造柱和水泥砂浆钢筋网面层两种加固方法对损伤结构进行修复,通过修复过程中对工期和费用的量化可知,修复结构与新建结构相比可大大减少费用、缩短工期。通过修复结构的拟静力试验可知,修复结构的峰值承载力分别是未加固结构的2.84倍,预应力加固结构的1.32倍,满足修复目标的要求。 相似文献
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Recent seismic events have provided evidence that damage to masonry infills can lead not only to large economic losses but also to significant injuries and even fatalities. The estimation of damage of such elements and the corresponding consequences within the performance‐based earthquake engineering framework requires the construction of reliable fragility functions. In this paper, drift‐based fragility functions are developed for in‐plane loaded masonry infills, derived from a comprehensive experimental data set gathered from current literature, comprising 152 masonry infills with different geometries and built with different types of masonry blocks, when tested under lateral cyclic loading. Three damage states associated with the structural performance and reparability of masonry infill walls are defined. The effect of mortar compression strength, masonry prism compression strength, and presence of openings is evaluated and incorporated for damage states where their influence is found to be statistically significant. Uncertainty due to specimen‐to‐specimen variability and sample size is quantified and included in the proposed fragility functions. It is concluded that prism strength and mortar strength are better indicators of the fragility of masonry infills than the type of bricks/blocks used, whose influence, in general, is not statistically significant for all damage states. Finally, the presence of openings is also shown to have statistically relevant impact on the level of interstory drift ratio triggering the lower damage states. 相似文献
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M. Altuğ Erberik 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(3):387-405
This study focuses on the seismic safety evaluation of masonry buildings in Turkey for in‐plane failure modes using fragility curves. Masonry buildings are classified and a set of fragility curves are generated for each class. The major structural parameters in the classification of masonry buildings are considered as the number of stories, load‐bearing wall material, regularity in plan and the arrangement of walls (required length, openings in walls, etc.), in accordance with the observations from previous earthquakes and field databases. The fragility curves are generated by using time history (for demand) and pushover (for capacity) analyses. From the generated sets of fragility curves, it is observed that the damage state probabilities are significantly influenced from the number of stories and wall material strength. In the second stage of the study, the generated fragility curves are employed to estimate the damage of masonry buildings in Dinar after the 1995 earthquake. The estimated damage by fragility information is compared with the inspected visual damage as assessed from the Damage Evaluation Form. For the quantification of fragility‐based damage, a single‐valued index, named as ‘vulnerability score’ (VS), is proposed. There seems to be a fair agreement between the two damage measures. In addition to this, decisions regarding the repair or demolition of masonry buildings in Dinar due to visual damage inspection are on comparable grounds with the relative measure obtained from VS of the same buildings. Hence, the fragility‐based procedure can provide an alternative for the seismic safety evaluation of masonry buildings in Turkey. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Terry Y. P. Yuen Han-hui Zhang J. S. Kuang Qunxian Huang 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(9):4027-4052
Unreinforced masonry infill walls are widely used as non-structural partitions in RC frames. The effects of infills on the structural responses are often ignored in the design process since they are generally considered as expendable elements. However, recent studies have shown that not only shear damage can be inflicted to the columns braced by the infill walls, but also that the structural stability can be jeopardised by the fall-off of the infills. This paper presents the development of new detailing methods for the infill walls, which features slit panels, isolation gaps between the infills and columns, and anchorage of the infills. The proposed detailing methods were tested and verified experimentally using shake-table tests on five 1/3-scale infilled RC frame specimens with different combinations of the features stated above. The design and construction of the shake-table test specimens have taken into account the similitude requirements. The test results indicate that the proposed detailing method effectively reduced the undesirable interaction between column and infill walls. And the use of proper anchorage could prevent the fall off of infills from the bounding frame. Furthermore, the specimens with slit infill walls displayed better seismic performances, which could be attributed to the rocking behaviour of the sub-panels with increased aspect ratios. 相似文献
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Seismic fragility of lightly reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills is assessed through numerical simulations considering uncertainty in ground motion and building materials. To achieve this aim, a numerical model of the components is developed, a rational approach to proportion and locate individual struts in the equivalent three‐strut model is proposed, and an explicit nonlinear column shear response model accounting for the infill–column interaction and soft‐story mechanism is employed. The proposed numerical model is used to (1) generate probabilistic seismic demand models accounting for a wide range of ground motion intensities with different frequency content and (2) determine limit state models obtained from nonlinear pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis. Using the demand and limit state model, fragility curves for the masonry‐infilled frames are developed to investigate the impact of various infill properties on the frame vulnerability. It is observed that the beneficial effect of the masonry infill diminishes at more severe limit states because of the interaction with the boundary frame. In some cases, this effect almost vanishes or switches to an adverse effect beyond a threshold of ground motion intensities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study focuses on the evaluation of seismic safety of unreinforced masonry buildings in Turkey by using fragility curves generated for two behavior modes of load bearing walls: in-plane and out-of-plane. During generation of fragility curves, a force-based approach has been used. There exist two limit states in terms of base shear strength for in-plane behavior mode and flexural strength for out-of-plane behavior mode. To assess the seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry buildings in Turkey, fragility curves generated for in-plane behavior were verified by the observed damage during the 1995 Dinar (Turkey) earthquake and fragility curves generated for out-of-plane behavior were verified by the observed damage during the 2010 Elaz?? (Turkey) earthquake. The verification results reveal that the proposed fragility-based procedure can provide an alternative for the seismic safety evaluation of unreinforced masonry buildings in Turkey. Using this procedure, it becomes possible to investigate a large population of masonry buildings located in regions of high seismic risk in a short period of time. The obtained results are valuable in the sense that they can be used as a database during the development of strategies for pre-earthquake planning and risk mitigation for earthquake prone regions of Turkey. 相似文献
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以嵌缝胶泥作为嵌缝材料,针对不同高宽比和不同配筋率的6片墙体进行了拟静力试验,探讨了嵌筋加固砖砌体墙的破坏特征、变形能力、承载能力、耗能能力、滞回特征及刚度退化等抗震性能,建立了以试验为基础的嵌筋加固砖砌体墙的抗剪承载力计算公式。研究结果表明:高宽比为1.8的试件,嵌筋墙体较无筋墙体水平抗剪极限承载力提高了17%~31%,延性提高了54%~83%;高宽比为0.5的试件,嵌筋墙体较无筋墙体水平抗剪极限承载力提高了13%~17%,延性提高了17%~20%,嵌筋加固墙体滞回环饱满,耗能能力有较大幅度提高,破坏形式由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏,嵌筋对墙体初始刚度的影响较小,给出的抗剪承载力公式计算值与试验值接近,为工程应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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2017年5月11日新疆塔什库尔干5.5级地震给震区建筑结构造成了不同程度破坏。选择震区钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构、砖混结构以及土石木结构等3类典型建筑结构,介绍了各类建筑结构地震破坏特点,分析了震害特征与破坏机理。结果表明:RC框架结构在地震中表现出了优异的抗震性能,即使在震中区,破坏也仅仅表现为非结构性破坏,如填充墙开裂和吊顶脱落等;砖混结构绝大多数抗震性能优良,仅震中区的少数建筑物发生了承重墙墙体开裂情况;土石木结构房屋抗震性能最差,地震破坏最为严重,是导致该次地震人员伤亡主要原因。建议地震高烈度设防区房屋建筑应采用抗震性能较好的RC框架结构和砖混结构,而抗震性能差的土石木建筑房屋应尽量避免继续建设和使用。结果可供类似地区房屋建设和建筑结构抗震设计等工作参考。 相似文献
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Analysis of the in‐plane response of earthen masonry infill panels partitioned by sliding joints 
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下载免费PDF全文 Marco Preti Nicola Bettini Laura Migliorati Valentino Bolis Andreas Stavridis Giovanni A. Plizzari 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(8):1209-1232
The vulnerability of infilled frames represents a critical issue in many regions with high seismicity around the world where infills are typically made of heavy masonry as they are used for thermal control of the buildings because of their thermal inertia. In this context, the use of earthen masonry infills can give a superior performance because of their ability to regulate thermal‐hygrometric performance of the building and sustainability of its life‐cycle. This paper presents a numerical study on the seismic behaviour of infill walls made of earthen masonry and partitioned with horizontal wooden planks that allow the relative sliding of the partitions. The combination of the deformability of earthen masonry and the sliding mechanism occurring along the wooden planks gives a high ductility capacity to the in‐plane response of the infill and, at the same time, significantly reduces its stiffness and strength, as compared with traditional solid infills made of fired clay units. As a result, the detrimental interaction with the frame and the damage in the infill when subjected to in‐plane loading can be minimized. The numerical model is validated with results from an experimental study and is used to perform a parametric analysis to examine the influence of variations in the geometry and mechanical properties of the infill walls, as well as the configuration of the sliding joints. Based on the findings of this study, design guidelines for practical applications are provided, together with simple formulation for evaluating their performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献