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1.
The Coldwell alkaline complex is a large (> 350 km2) gabbro and syenite intrusion on the north shore of Lake Superior. It was emplaced at 1108 Ma during early magmatic activity associated with the formation of the Mid-Continent Rift of North America. The eastern gabbro forms a partial ring dyke on the outer margin of the complex and consists of at least three discrete intrusions. The largest of these is the layered gabbro that comprises a 300 m thick fine- to medium-grained basal unit overlain by up to 1100 m of variably massive to layered gabbroic cumulates which vary from olivine gabbro to anorthosite. Several xenoliths of Archaean metamorphic rocks that range in size from 10's to 100's of meters are present in the central part of the intrusion. Within discrete horizons in the layered gabbro are many centimeter- to meter-scale, gabbroic xenoliths. The main cumulus minerals, in order of crystallization, are plagioclase, olivine and clinopyroxene ± Fe-Ti oxides. Biotite and Fe-Ti-oxide are the dominant intercumulus phases. Orthopyroxene occurs not as a cumulus phase but as peritectic overgrowths on cumulus olivine. A detailed petrographic and mineral chemical study of samples from two stratigraphically controlled traverses through the layered gabbro indicates that the stratigraphy cannot be correlated along the 33 km strike of the ring dyke. Mineral compositions show both normal and reversed fractionation trends. These patterns are interpreted to record at least three separate intrusions of magma into restricted dilatant zones within the ring dyke possibly associated with ongoing caldera collapse. Calculations of parental melt composition using mineral — melt equilibria show that even the most primitive gabbros crystallized from an evolved magma with mg# of 0.42-0.49. The presence of orthopyroxene overgrowths on cumulus olivine suggests rising silica activity in the melt during crystallization and implies a subalkaline parentage for the layered gabbro. 相似文献
2.
火成岩中可以包含多种晶体群这一发现具有重要意义,使得成因矿物学重新成为揭示岩浆系统演化的基本指导思想。但是,这种重要性在许多文献中都没有得到反映,其典型实例就是镁铁质层状侵入体中堆晶岩的成因。争论在于堆晶矿物是循环晶还是母岩浆的液相线相。因此,本文致力于探讨四川攀西地区镁铁质层状侵入体中堆晶岩的形成过程,重申成因矿物学的重要意义。显微镜观察表明,堆晶单斜辉石富含Fe-Ti氧化物出溶叶片(含叶片辉石),表明其形成环境明显不同于与斜长石呈共结关系的单斜辉石(无叶片辉石);无叶片辉石和斜长石中的橄榄石包裹体呈浑圆状,表明了橄榄石与结晶环境间的热力学不平衡。橄榄石与熔体间Fe-Mg分配关系分析表明,根据母岩浆成分推测的橄榄石Fo值远低于岩体中观测橄榄石化学成分变化范围(Fo61-Fo81)的高限,表明至少部分橄榄石不是寄主侵入体的液相线相。橄榄石的Mg#值(100×Mg/(Mg+Fe))与微量元素(特别是Ni)的相关关系表明存在多种橄榄石晶体群,它们形成于不同的热力学环境中。晶体沉降过程分析表明,寄主岩浆析出的晶体几乎不可能发生快速重力沉降来形成堆晶岩。所有这些证据都表明,形成堆晶岩的矿物主要来自岩浆系统深部不同的岩浆房中,是被岩浆携带输运到终端岩浆房的循环晶。 相似文献
3.
4.
The Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion belongs to the Proterozoic anorthositic province in the Rogaland area of southern Norway. The northwestern part of the intrusion comprises a ca. 6 km-thick Layered Series made up of megacyclic units (MCU) arranged in a syncline; each megacyclic unit reflects the influx of fresh magma into the chamber. The boundary between megacyclic units III and IV has been studied in detail at Storeknuten on the southern flank of the syncline. The megacyclic units can be subdivided into a series of cumulate stratigraphic zones; the interval from the top of zone IIIe to the base of zone IVd is exposed in the Storeknuten area. Modally layered plagioclase-hypersthene-ilmenite-magnetite-augite-apatite cumulates belonging to zone IIIe are overlain by 30 m of massive plagioclase-rich rocks (commonly containing ilmenite and/or hypersthene) constituting zone IVa. The entry of cumulus olivine defines the base of zone IVb (dominantly plagioclase-olivine-ilmenite cumulates) which is about 100 m thick. Many of the olivines are partly or completely replaced by Ca-poor pyroxene/Fe---Ti oxide symplectites. This massive leucotroctolitic zone is overlain by modally layered, laminated plagioclase-hypersthene-ilmenite cumulates of zone IVc. The successive entry of magnetite, apatite (accompanied by Ca-rich pyroxene) and inverted pigeonite defines zones IVd, e and f respectively. The entry of K-feldspar (accompanied by Fe-rich olivine) defines the base of a jotunitic transition zone which passes upwards into mangerites and quartz mangerites.
There is a compositional regression through zone IVa. The upper part of zone IIIe has Ca-poor pyroxene with about En68, plagioclase with An44–48 and a Sr-isotope ratio of about 0.7062, while the base of zone IVb has olivine with Fo75 together with En78, An53 and 0.7050 respectively. Similar reversals are shown by the minor element compositions of plagioclase and Fe---Ti oxides. Sr-isotope ratios increase systematically up through zone IVb (reaching 0.7058 in zone IVd) while An% and Sr in plagioclase and Ni and Cr in Fe---Ti oxides decrease. Olivine compositions vary unsystematically and are believed to have changed their Fe:Mg ratios as a result of trapped liquid shift.
The magma residing in the chamber when the influx at the base of megacyclic unit IV took place was compositionally zoned, and assimilation of gneissic country rock at the roof had resulted in the Sr-isotope ratio increasing up through the magma column. The new magma had a Sr-isotope ratio of about 0.7050 while the resident magma had a ratio of 0.7062 at the floor, increasing upwards. The new magma mixed with the basal layer(s) of the compositionally zoned resident magma and crystallization of this hybrid magma during influx and mixing produced the compositional regression in zone IVa. When magma influx ceased, olivine-bearing rocks began to crystallize at the base of zone IVb. The leucotroctolites at the base of this zone are the most primitive rocks in the entire intrusion. The systematic increase in Sr-isotope ratios up through zone IVb resulted from progressive mixing between new and resident magma. This mixing either took place during magma influx or by the progressive mixing of overlying resident magma layers during crystallization.
Calculations based on geochemical modelling, the thickness of cumulate stratigraphy repeated and Sr-isotope ratios indicate that the new magma influx had a thickness of 350–500 m in the Storeknuten section and that the leucotroctolites of zone IVb represent about 20–30% crystallization of this influx. 相似文献
5.
Rare earth elements in bulk cumulates and in separated minerals (plagioclase, apatite, Ca-poor and Ca-rich pyroxenes, ilmenite and magnetite) from the Bjerkreim–Sokndal layered intrusion (Rogaland Anorthosite Province, SW Norway) are investigated to better define the proportion of trapped liquid and its influence on bulk cumulate composition. In leuconoritic rocks (made up of plagioclase, Ca-poor pyroxene, ilmenite, ±magnetite, ±olivine), where apatite is an intercumulus phase, even a small fraction of trapped liquid significantly affects the REE pattern of the bulk cumulate, together with cumulus minerals proportion and composition. Contrastingly, in gabbronoritic cumulates characterized by the presence of cumulus Ca-rich pyroxene and apatite, cumulus apatite buffers the REE content. La/Sm and Eu/Eu* vs. P2O5 variations in leuconorites display mixing trends between a pure adcumulate and the composition of the trapped liquid, assumed to be similar to the parental magma. Assessment of the trapped liquid fraction in leuconorites ranges from 2 to 25% and is systematically higher in the north-eastern part of the intrusion. The likely reason for this wide range of TLF is different cooling rates in different parts of the intrusion depending on the distance to the gneissic margins. The REE patterns of liquids in equilibrium with primitive cumulates are calculated with mass balance equations. Major elements modelling (Duchesne, J.C., Charlier, B., 2005. Geochemistry of cumulates from the Bjerkreim–Sokndal layered intrusion (S. Norway): Part I. Constraints from major elements on the mechanism of cumulate formation and on the jotunite liquid line of descent. Lithos. 83, 299–254) permits calculation of the REE content of melt in equilibrium with gabbronorites. Partition coefficients for REE between cumulus minerals and a jotunitic liquid are then calculated. Calculated liquids from the most primitive cumulates are similar to a primitive jotunite representing the parental magma of the intrusion, taking into account the trapped liquid fraction calculated from the P2O5 content. Consistent results demonstrate the reliability of liquid compositions calculated from bulk cumulates and confirm the hypothesis that the trapped liquid has crystallized as a closed-system without subsequent mobility of REE in a migrating interstitial liquid. 相似文献
6.
The Bjerkreim-Sokndal (BKSK) layered intrusion belongs to the Rogaland anorthosite province in southern Norway. The northwestern part of BKSK consists of a ca. 6 km-thick Layered Series, made up of macrocyclic units (MCU) arranged in a syncline. Each MCU, which resulted from the crystallization of a major-magma influx, can be subdivided into a series of cumulate zones. The MCU III/IV boundary has been studied in seven profiles across its strike length of 24 km. Massive piC1 at the base of MCU IV overlies laminated and modally layered phimC in the central part of the chamber and phimacC towards the flanks; there is a discordance of between 2 and 6° between the base of MCU IV and phase layering in MCU III. The MCU IV piC is overlain by 75–100 m of massive poiC (the Svaalestad unit of Michot 1960; a similar olivine-bearing unit occurs near the base of MCU III) which has more primitive compositions than the underlying piC. This is followed by laminated and modally layered phiC, phimC and phimacC. The reversal to more primitive mineral assemblages across the MCU III/IV boundary is accompanied by a cryptic reversal; plagioclase and Ca-poor pyroxene have compositions of about An 44/Mg no. 71 at the top MCU III and about An 52/Mg no. 77 near the base of MCU IV. Olivines in the MCU IV poiC vary unsystematically from Fo 66 to 76. Macrocyclic units III and IV crystallized from monzonoritic parental magma. The BKSK magma chamber had a broad saucer-like shape with a small thickness to breadth ratio. The magma in the chamber during crystallization of MCU III was compositionally zoned and crystallized on an inward-sloping floor by down-dip accretion. Just before the major-magma influx at the base of MCU IV, phimC was crystallizing from the basal-magma layer at the centre of the chamber, while phimacC was crystallizing towards the flanks. The new, dense magma fountained into and mixed with the basal-magma layers already in the chamber. This hybrid magma crystallized during continued influx to produce massive piC at the base of MCU IV. This hybrid unit is thickest near the centre of the chamber and smoothed out the floor to an essentially horizontal surface. Continued influx resulted in the dense, primitive magma ponding on the floor; this crystallized fairly rapidly to produce the massive poiC unit. The return of normal fractional crystallization conditions is marked by the overlying sequence of modally and cryptically layered cumulates which duplicate the succession in MCU III. The variation in thickness of the upper part of MCU IV indicates that crystallization of the BKSK Layered Series was accompanied by sinking of the floor at a greater rate near the centre of the chamber than towards the flanks. This was accompanied by compaction of the underlying cumulates, promoting the development of lamination and the expulsion of intercumulus melt to encourage the development of adcumulates.
1
p
plagioclase
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i
ilmenite
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h
Ca-poor pyroxene
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o
olivine
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m
magnetite
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a
apatite
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c
Ca-rich pyroxene
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C
cumulate 相似文献
7.
塔里木板块东北部坡一镁铁质-超镁铁质层状侵入体岩石成因 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
坡一侵入体位于塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体内,是该岩体第三阶段岩浆活动形成的十几个小侵入体中的一个,锆石U-Pb年龄为278±2Ma。该侵入体属于以超镁铁质岩石为主的层状岩系,堆晶结构与韵律性堆晶层理非常发育。岩浆分异充分,形成了从纯橄岩到石英闪长岩的多种岩石类型。在超镁铁质岩石中,所有的橄榄石和大部分斜方辉石是堆晶相,少量斜方辉石是填隙相,大部分单斜辉石、褐色普通角闪石和黑云母是填隙相。在镁铁质岩石中,橄榄石和斜方辉石全部是堆晶相,单斜辉石与斜长石既可以是堆晶相,也可以是填隙相;褐色普通角闪石、黑云母和石英均为填隙相。超镁铁质岩石属拉斑玄武岩系列,镁铁质岩石属钙碱性系列。侵入体中大量存在的捕掳体、微量元素地球化学、Nd-Sr同位素组成的EMⅡ型演化趋势,充分证明了同化混染作用伴随岩浆演化过程而逐渐增强,并不断促进了岩浆的分异,而且导致了岩石化学系列的转化。PGE和亲硫元素地球化学以及硫同位素组成证明,硫主要来自于岩浆,硫化物形成于岩浆阶段,岩浆未经历过早期硫化物熔离作用,硫化物熔离起始于橄榄岩相结晶的晚期阶段,并伴随着此后的岩浆演化过程而继续熔离。硫化物熔离是岩浆自身演化和同化混染共同作用的结果。橄榄石Fo分子含量和全岩FeO含量显示,原生岩浆是苦橄质岩浆;源区物质应该是石榴石辉石岩;岩浆生成于地幔柱轴部。在塔里木板块东北部还存在分别来自于软流圈和亏损型大陆岩石圈地幔的二叠纪岩浆岩,它们都应该是塔里木大火成岩省的组成部分。 相似文献
8.
H. R. Naslund 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,93(3):359-367
The tholeiitic Basistoppen sill was intruded into the upper part of the Skaergaard complex shortly after the Skaergaard magma had solidified. Heat from the cooling Basistoppen magma caused disequilibrium partial melting in the adjacent Skaergaard ferrogabbros. Olivine, ferrobustamite, and magnetite were selectively melted and removed from the rock as an iron-rich melagabbro magma. Plagioclase acted as a refractory phase during partial melting and was left behind as an anorthositic gabbro restite. Modal and grain-size layering formed rheomorphically in the previously solidified host rocks as a result of partial melting and recrystallization. The rheomorphic layers are distinct from those found elsewhere in the intrusion.The extreme degree of contact metamorphism adjacent to the Basistoppen sill is a consequence of the intrusion of the sill into host rocks that were already near their melting temperature. It is suggested that the slow reaction rates between plagioclase and magma inhibited the dissolution of plagioclase relative to olivine, pyroxene, and opaque oxides and resulted in disequilibrium partial melting. The presence of anorthositic gabbro blocks within the Middle Zone of the Skaergaard intrusion indicates that disequilibrium partial melting may also occur during the assimilation of gabbroic xenoliths by magmas. 相似文献
9.
Y.-J. Mao B. Dash K.-Z. Qin B. Bujinlkham D.-M. Tang 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(1):1-18
Although there are many mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the western and central regions of Mongolia, Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), no economic-grade Ni-Cu deposits have yet been discovered. To understand the economic Ni-Cu deposit potential of the intrusions in central Mongolia, the parental magma affinity and sulfide saturation of the Oortsog, Dulaan, and Nomgon Ni-Cu mineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions are studied. These three intrusions are predominantly gabbroic in composition, while the Oortsog and Dulaan intrusions also contain small proportions of peridotites. The parental magmas of the Oortsog and Dulaan intrusions are tholeiitic, as indicated by their Cr-spinel and clinopyroxene compositions, whereas the parental magma of the Nomgon intrusions is likely calc-alkaline. The compositions of Cr-spinel and clinopyroxene, combined with the presence of significant Nb-Ta depletions, indicate that these rocks were most likely derived from modified mantle sources. Both the Oortsog and Nomgon intrusions form two clusters in terms of their olivine composition, suggesting that multiple magma surges were involved during their emplacement. The relatively low Fo values and Ni contents in olivine from the three intrusions compared to those from Ni-Cu deposits in NW China, as well as those in the Voisey’s Bay deposit in Canada, indicate that the three intrusions were crystallized from relatively evolved magmas. The Cu/Zr ratios of rocks of the Oortsog, Dulaan, and Nomgon intrusions are higher than 1, suggesting that these rocks contain cumulus sulfide. This, coupled with the presence of rounded sulfide inclusions in olivine of the Oortsog and Dulaan intrusions, suggests that sulfide saturation occurred before or during olivine crystallization. The distribution patterns of platinum group elements (PGEs) of the Dulaan and Oortsog intrusions record slight Rh, Pt, and Pd (PPGE) enrichment relative to Os, Ir, and Rh (IPGE). Furthermore, the Ni/Cu ratios of sulfide-bearing rocks from the Oortsog intrusion vary from 1.8 to 3.8, which are consistent with those of the Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in NW China. In contrast, the Ni/Cu ratios of sulfide-bearing rocks from the Nomgon intrusion are extremely low (0.03 to 0.07). This, together with the significant enrichment in PPGE relative to IPGE, suggests that these sulfides of the Nomgon intrusion were segregated from a magma that was extremely enriched in Cu and PPGE but depleted in Ni and IPGE. The characteristics of the chalcophile elements in these intrusions are attributed to the fact that the derivation of the Nomgon magma was significantly different from that of the Dulaan and Oortsog parental magmas. Overall, although the parental magmas of the intrusions in central Mongolia are more evolved than those in NW China, they are comparable in terms of the sizes of their intrusions, constituent minerals, and mineral chemistry. These similarities suggest that the intrusions in central Mongolia have economic Ni-Cu sulfide potential. Furthermore, intrusions similar to the Nomgon intrusion may feature PGE mineralization potential. 相似文献
10.
扬子地块北缘周庵超镁铁质岩体矿物学特征及其对铜镍矿化的启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
扬子地块北缘~635 Ma周庵超镁铁质岩体是一个新发现的含铜镍硫化物矿化的隐伏岩体,主要由二辉橄榄岩组成。文章通过研究周庵岩体中橄榄石、铬铁矿和辉石的矿物成分变化探讨了岩浆演化过程和含矿岩体成因。根据岩石的矿物组合和蚀变程度,岩体从上到下分为3个部分:上部绿泥石-蛇纹石化二辉橄榄岩相带、中部二辉橄榄岩相带和下部绿泥石-角闪石化二辉橄榄岩相带。根据岩体中部带橄榄石和铬铁矿的成分,计算得到母岩浆的Mg#值为0.63,MgO/FeO摩尔比值为1.72,w(Al2O3)为10.2%~11.7%,w(Ni)为476×10-6,说明其为高镁玄武质岩浆;岩体中部带原生铬铁矿和粒间相铬铁矿核部的Cr2O3和Al2O3呈正相关关系,说明铬铁矿与粒间硅酸盐熔体发生了平衡交换,铬铁矿的高w(TiO2) 和Cr#值与拉张环境中层状岩体的铬铁矿特征一致;根据辉石温压计得到岩体中部单斜辉石和斜方辉石的共结温度为1 017~1 077℃,压力为(3.6~4.5)×108 Pa,暗示形成岩体的浅部岩浆房深度约为12 km。岩体上部和中部带的橄榄石Fo值大部分集中在80 mol%~85 mol%,w(Ni)介于2 255×10-6~4 455×10-6,说明这些橄榄石是从没有经过强烈分离结晶和硫化物熔离的岩浆中结晶出来的。岩体下部带橄榄石的Fo值(67 mol%~68 mol%)和w(Ni) (1 500×10-6~2 000×10-6)都低于岩体上部和中部带的橄榄石相应值,说明岩体下部带的橄榄石可能形成于演化程度较高、并经历了硫化物熔离的岩浆。因此,笔者认为周庵岩体是由相对原始的和演化了的高镁玄武质岩浆两期侵位形成的。 相似文献
11.
The Newark Island layered intrusion is a composite layered intrusion within the Nain anorthosite complex, Labrador. The intrusion comprises a lower layered series (LS) dominated by troctolites, olivine gabbros and oxide-rich cumulates and an upper hybrid series (HS) characterized by a wide range of mafic, granitic and hybrid cumulates and discontinuous layers of chilled mafic rocks (Wiebe 1988). The HS crystallized from a series of replenishments of both silicic and basic magmas. The LS crystallized from periodically replenished basic magmas. The LS has a lower zone that consists mainly of olivine-plagioclase cumulates and contains minor cryptic reversals in mineral compositions that resulted from replenishments of relatively primitive magma. An upper zone is dominated by olivine-plagioclaseaugite-ilmenite cumulates. Cumulus titanomagnetite and pyrrhotite occur within some oxide-rich cumulates, and the stratigraphically highest layers contain cumulus apatite. At intermediate levels in the sequence, cumulus inverted pigeonite occurs in place of olivine. Several prominent regressions in the stratigraphy of the upper zone are marked by fine-grained troctolitic layers with much higher Mg no. [100 MgO/(MgO+FeO)] and anorthite than underlying cumulates. These layers coarsen upward and grade back to oxide-bearing olivine gabbros within thicknesses ranging from 10 cm to 15 m. Dikes that cut the LS have major- and trace-element compositions that strongly suggest that they are feeders for the replenishments. In the lower zone when olivine and plagioclase were the only cumulus phases, replenishments were less dense than the resident magma and rose as plumes and mixed with it. Precipitation of cumulus oxides in the upper zone lowered the density of resident magma so that subsequent replenishments were more dense than resident magma. Replenishments that occurred after oxides began to precipitate had small injection velocities. These post-oxide injections flowed along the interface between resident magma and the cumulate pile and precipitated flow-banded, fine-grained troctolites. 相似文献
12.
云南金宝山超镁铁岩原始岩浆成分反演 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：14
金宝山岩体赋存有我国最大的铂族元素矿床,位于云南省弥渡县,大地构造位置处于杨子地台西缘南端。岩体是呈似层状(岩席)产出的小型超镁铁岩,侵位于泥盆系金宝山组白云岩、泥灰岩、砂板岩中,由橄榄岩、辉橄岩及微辉岩、辉石岩异离体组成,没有完整的相带分异,缺乏分异堆积特征。但岩体铂族元素成矿以铂钯为特征(Pd/Ir>10),硫化物Ni/Cu比值低(0.5～5),岩石稀土元素富集,配分型式为轻稀土富集型,体现基性岩浆衍生产物的岩石地球化学特点。元素含量的组合变化反映出橄榄石对岩石成分的控制作用,成岩母体可视为橄榄石与熔体两部分组成的混合体系,分析表明岩浆经历了11％的橄榄石结晶和22％左右的斜长石结晶分异,大部分熔体相携带斜长石先期离开岩浆房或被压滤出去,残余熔体携带橄榄石结晶颗粒在构造挤压作用下向上运移侵位成岩。根据岩浆演化过程反演,计算得到金宝山超镁铁岩原始岩浆组成,表明为低钛拉斑玄武岩岩浆,MgO含量为12.93％,其形成可能与裂谷作用早期的地幔热柱作用有关,原始岩浆起源于未亏损地幔的部分熔融。 相似文献
13.
坡十Ni矿化超镁铁侵入体的矿化岩相主要为第二侵入期次的（斜长）单辉橄榄岩、（斜长）二辉橄榄岩、 纯橄岩等岩相。坡十超镁铁岩的橄榄石成分变化范围较大, 橄榄石的Fo值在76.8～89.6之间, Ni含量为767×10-6～4 580×10-6。铬尖晶石的Mg#值和Cr#值变化范围分别为19.4～41.9和49.8～64.8, 原生铬尖晶石中Cr2O3和Al2O3表现为负相关, 蚀变改造的铬尖晶石则表现为正相关。橄榄石成分剖面显示坡十母岩浆处于一个动态的岩浆系统中, 成分稳定的新鲜岩浆的补给、 持续向上的动力及浅部橄榄石快速分离结晶,造成了不同深度橄榄石成分的不同变化。坡十侵入体母岩浆估算结果为MgO=14.49％, FeO=10.01％,模拟结果显示橄榄石中Ni含量的变化主要受橄榄石结晶分异和硫化物不混溶作用共同控制,其中橄榄石与硫化物熔体发生明显的Fe-Ni交换反应。坡十母岩浆中橄榄石分离结晶造成的硫饱和,是坡十硫化物熔离的重要因素。橄榄石高Fo值、母岩浆高MgO、超镁铁岩中斜长石发育、矿物高结晶温度和铬尖晶石成分的弧岩浆特征显示,塔里木东北缘坡十侵入体是俯冲交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的母岩浆的产物,表现出低压高温的演化特征,其中源区熔融机制可能与塔里木二叠纪地幔柱提供的热源或该区大规模拆沉作用造成的软流圈上涌有关。 相似文献
14.
We report chemical and mineralogical data for one atmosphere melting experiments conducted on alkalic rocks from the Mt. Erebus volcanic region: DVDP2 basanite, two hawaiites (DVDP2 and a nepheline-bearing variety), and an anorthoclase phonolite. Temperatures between 1,224 and 1,049°C were investigated at fO2~QFM. DVDP2 basanite appears to be an intermediate pressure liquid or a cumulate, because only olivine coexists with melt from above 1,224–1,160°C. High-Ca pyroxene joins olivine in the crystallization sequence at 1,138°C. These minerals are joined by plagioclase at a temperature between 1,120 and 1,104°C. In contrast, DVDP2 hawaiite appears to be relatively evolved, because it is multiply saturated with olivine, plagioclase, and high-Ca pyroxene near its liquidus (between 1,120 and 1,104°C). Plagioclase crystallizes in the Ne-hawaiite by 1,160°C followed by olivine below 1,120°C. The liquidus of anorthoclase phonolite is between the lowest temperatures investigated, 1,089 and 1,049°C, and plagioclase is the liquidus mineral. Our results indicate that DVDP2 hawaiite can be derived from a DVDP2 basanitic parental magma by crystal fractionation at low pressures, that the nepheline hawaiite is an olivine cumulate, and that the liquids parental to the anorthoclase phonolite represent the end products of crystal fractionation. They also allow us to illustrate how the Ti-content of pyroxene may be used as a petrogenetic indicator of processes and events in the evolution of the Erebus volcanic system. 相似文献
15.
新疆东天山黄山东岩体橄榄石成因意义探讨 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
黄山东岩体位于新疆东天山造山带中段,由四次岩浆侵入形成:第一次侵入形成了岩体上部的橄榄辉长岩、角闪辉长岩和闪长岩,构成岩体的主体;第二次侵入形成辉长苏长岩,呈岩墙状分布于岩体西端和西北部;第三次侵入岩石为斜长二辉橄榄岩,位于岩体下部,为主要的赋矿岩石;第四次侵入岩石为底部角闪辉长岩。橄榄石为第三次侵入的斜长二辉橄榄岩和第一次侵入的橄榄辉长岩主要造岩矿物之一,橄榄石的镁橄榄石牌号(Fo)值介于68.5～82.5之间。其中含硫化物斜长二辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石具有较高的Fo值(79.7～82.5);斜长二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo值为78.3～79.9;而基性程度较低的橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石具有较低的Fo值(68.5～72.2)。利用橄榄石矿物成分计算得出黄山东岩体母岩浆Mg#(Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+))为0.59,为原生玄武质岩浆经历结晶分异作用形成。模拟计算结果显示黄山东岩体不含矿岩石中橄榄石是母岩浆经过2%的橄榄石结晶分异且硫达到饱和后,在硫化物熔离的同时岩浆发生橄榄石结晶而形成,并且橄榄石︰硫化物≈50︰1,部分橄榄石成分投点在橄榄石结晶和硫化物熔离的模拟曲线右下侧,指示它们可能受到晶间硅酸盐熔浆作用的影响。含硫化物斜长二辉橄榄岩中Fo值与Ni含量呈负相关关系,说明橄榄石与硫化物熔体之间发生了Fe-Ni交换反应。 相似文献
16.
四川米易县安宁村含矿层状侵入体的岩石学特征及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安宁村含钒钛磁铁矿层侵入体侵位于下元古界变质岩中,厚约500m,岩体层状构造发育,分异程度较高,可分为四个岩相带和若干次级的韵律层。其初始岩浆为富铁钛,贫硅的弱碱性玄武岩浆,源于上地幔。岩浆中的律性成核与重力分异作用的结果,形成层状岩系。成岩温度1250－900℃,氧逸度foz=10^-6.38,平均成岩压力9．55kbar。较高的成岩压力控制了岩浆演化的主要途径和主要矿物组合;而偏高的氧逸度则是较早期大量Ti-Fe氧化物堆积形成岩浆结晶分异型富矿层的主要因素。 相似文献
17.
The Tigalak intrusion is a dominantly dioritic layered body, about 80 km2 in area, which ranges in composition from norite to granodiorite. Local areas of the layered rocks display upward fractionation from norite to ferrodiorite. Periodic reversals of mineral composition trends record the emplacement of less fractionated dioritic magma. Heterogeneous mixtures of dioritic and granodioritic rocks occur widely in mappable lenses and layers that alternate up section and along the strike with more uniformly layered rocks. In these mixtures, chilled dioritic pillows occur abundantly in a hybrid cumulate matrix of granodiorite to diorite composition. Cross-cutting granodioritic dikes grade upward into stratigraphically-bound lensoid masses of the hybrid cumulates. It appears that the hybrid rocks formed as a result of the emplacement of the granodioritic magma through lower cumulates into the dioritic magma chamber and that the dioritic pillows represent chilled bodies of Ferich dioritic magma that commingled with cooler granodioritic magma and settled to the floor of the Tigalak magma chamber. The restricted distribution of these mixtures of hybrid cumulates and chilled pillows indicates that mixing between granodioritic and dioritic liquids was limited in time and lateral extent. Periodic injections of granodioritic liquids may have collected as a separate layer below the roof of the magma chamber and above dioritic magma. 相似文献
18.
Ciro Cucciniello Ashwini Kumar Choudhary Alberto Zanetti Hetu C. Sheth Shreyas Vichare Rohan Pereira 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,108(3):333-351
The Khopoli intrusion, exposed at the base of the Thakurvadi Formation of the Deccan Traps in the Western Ghats, India, is composed of olivine gabbro with 50–55 % modal olivine, 20–25 % plagioclase, 10–15 % clinopyroxene, 5–10 % low-Ca pyroxene, and <5 % Fe-Ti oxides. It represents a cumulate rock from which trapped interstitial liquid was almost completely expelled. The Khopoli olivine gabbros have high MgO (23.5–26.9 wt.%), Ni (733–883 ppm) and Cr (1,432–1,048 ppm), and low concentrations of incompatible elements including the rare earth elements (REE). The compositions of the most primitive cumulus olivine and clinopyroxene indicate that the parental magma of the Khopoli intrusion was an evolved basaltic melt (Mg# 49–58). Calculated parental melt compositions in equilibrium with clinopyroxene are moderately enriched in the light REE and show many similarities with Deccan tholeiitic basalts of the Bushe, Khandala and Thakurvadi Formations. Nd-Sr isotopic compositions of Khopoli olivine gabbros (εNdt?=??9.0 to ?12.7; 87Sr/86Sr?=?0.7088–0.7285) indicate crustal contamination. AFC modelling suggests that the Khopoli olivine gabbros were derived from a Thakurvadi or Khandala-like basaltic melt with variable degrees of crustal contamination. Unlike the commonly alkalic, pre- and post-volcanic intrusions known in the Deccan Traps, the Khopoli intrusion provides a window to the shallow subvolcanic architecture and magmatic processes associated with the main tholeiitic flood basalt sequence. Measured true density values of the Khopoli olivine gabbros are as high as 3.06 g/cm3, and such high-level olivine-rich intrusions in flood basalt provinces can also explain geophysical observations such as high gravity anomalies and high seismic velocity crustal horizons. 相似文献
19.
The textural features and mineralogy of chrome-spinel bearing rocks from the layered ultrabasic intrusion of Rhum indicate that in situ reaction of chromite with olivine, plagioclase and interstitial liquid has taken place. The compositions of the chrome-spinels vary throughout parts of the intrusion and also in a systematic way across a thin picotite rich seam at a feldspar cumulate — olivine cumulate junction. The origin of the chrome-spinel is discussed in relation to other occurrences of chromite in layered ultrabasic rocks. 相似文献
20.
Platinum-group element (PGE) deposits in the Bushveld Complex and other layered intrusions form when large, incompletely solidified magma chambers undergo central subsidence in response to crustal loading, resulting in slumping of semi-consolidated cumulate slurries to the centres of the intrusions and hydrodynamic unmixing of the slurries to form dense layers enriched in sulfides, oxides, olivine and pyroxene and less dense layers enriched in plagioclase. The most economic PGE, Cr and V reefs form in large, multiple-replenished intrusions because these cool relatively slowly and their central portions subside prior to termination of magmatism and complete cumulate solidification. The depth of emplacement has to be relatively shallow as, otherwise, ductile crust would not be able to flex and collapse. In smaller intrusions, cooling rates are faster, subsidence is less pronounced and, where it occurs, the cumulate may be largely solidified, resulting in insignificant mush mobility and mineral sorting. Layering is thus less pronounced and less regular and continuous and the grades of the reefs are lower, but the reefs can be relatively thicker. An additional factor controlling the PGE, Cr and V prospectivity of intrusions is their location within cratons. Intra-cratonic environments offer more stable emplacement conditions that are more amenable to the formation of large, layered igneous bodies. Furthermore, intrusions sited within cratons are more readily preserved because cratons are underlain by thick, buoyant keels of harzburgite that prevent plate tectonic recycling and destruction of crust. 相似文献