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1.
利用青海柴达木盆地东北缘山地11个地点的祁连圆柏树轮宽度序列,在早期分析祁连圆柏的生长对气候要素响应的基础上,重建了青海德令哈和乌兰地区过去1437 a的年降水量变化序列。重建方程能够解释校准期（1955-2002年）内66%的降水量变化方差,尤其是重建的降水序列的低频变化能够很好地代表器测资料的变化。从过去1437 a的时间尺度来看,近40 a来柴达木东北缘地区处于相对湿润的时期,但最显著的湿润期出现在16世纪晚期。此外,小冰期期间降水量的变幅较大,而中世纪暖期降水低频变化相对较小。另外,重建降水量体现了150～250 a尺度的低频变化特征。 相似文献
2.
近58年柳州市汛期降水特征分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用柳州市1951～2008年的月降水量资料,采用线性倾向估计和小波分析方法,分析了近58a柳州市汛期（4～9月）降水的变化特征。结果表明：近58a来柳州市汛期降水主要呈波动性变化,线性趋势变化不明显,但前汛期降水总体呈上升趋势,降水量约增加87mm;后汛期降水量总体呈下降趋势,约减少了89mm。因此,前汛期有变涝趋势,后汛期有变旱趋势。近58年柳州市汛期降水年代际变化的主要周期为20～25a,20世纪80年代以后,汛期降水存在周期10-15a的年代际变化。20世纪80年代以前,柳州市汛期降水主要的年际变化周期2～4a,以后的年际变化周期是4～8a。 相似文献
3.
邻接青藏高原地区的中国西北地区是最大的欧亚干旱区,其降水变化对全球变化的响应和对干旱环境及其青藏高原气候变化都具有特殊的指示意义。基于1961～2018年中国西北地区144个站的逐日降水、逐月气温观测资料,分析了西北地区的降水变化特征及趋势。结果表明:（1）近60年以来,西北地区92%站点的年降水量呈现增加的趋势,只有甘肃东南部不到10%的站点呈下降趋势;（2）季节尺度上,春、夏、秋季中超过75%站点的降水呈现增加的趋势,但最显著的是,几乎所有站点在冬季的降水为增加趋势,秋、冬季降水的增加相对较少,反映了冬季风对西北地区降水影响的特点;（3）进入21世纪以来,西北地区夏季和年降水量仍然维持准3 a周期特征,春、秋季的周期具有阶段性、冬季降水量具有较稳定的约3 a周期,因此,自然周期变化对降水增加的贡献并不大。西北地区降水量在过去60年来确实呈现出增加趋势,尤其21世纪以来降水量持续增加,但增加的量是有限的,不足以改变其干旱半干旱的气候特征。 相似文献
4.
据相关普查,天山北坡玛纳斯河山区的板房沟天山云杉树轮宽度标准化年表与石河子地区5~8月降水相关显著,相关系数为0.656(P<0.0001)。基于该年表重建玛纳斯河流域168a来的5~8月降水量,解释方差达43.0%。经统计参数检验和独立历史气候记载验证,表明168a的降水重建值具有较好的可信性。168a来的石河子地区5~8月降水量大体经历了6个偏湿和6个偏干阶段,最湿润年为1988年,降水比长期平均值偏多71.7%,最干旱年为1945年,比多年平均值偏少42.7%,最长偏湿期出现在1843~1857年,而最长偏干期位于1908~1924年。功率谱分析指出重建降水存在4.0和8.0年的变化准周期。石河子地区5~8月降水变化可能与ENSO具有一定的联系。 相似文献
5.
利用树轮宽度重建准噶尔盆地西南缘降水日数 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用新疆北部准噶尔盆地西南缘阿拉套山南坡4个采样点的雪岭云杉树木年轮宽度资料,建立了树轮宽度年表。树轮宽度指数与气候要素的相关分析结果表明:该区域的树轮径向生长主要受水分条件限制,与当年生长季及其前期的降水量和降水日数呈显著正相关,与温度呈负相关。其中小青稞与哈拉吐鲁克苏河两个点组成的树轮宽度年表(HXC)与阿拉山口气象站2-8月降水日数的相关系数达到了0.724。采用线性回归方法建立了树轮宽度指数与降水日数之间的回归方程,方差解释量为52.4%,交叉检验表明转换方程稳定可信。由于采样点坡度大、土层薄、土壤蓄水能力弱,树轮宽度与降水日数的相关系数高于降水。1685-2008年重建降水日数序列与区域干旱灾害文献记录的14次旱灾对比发现,树轮资料重建降水日数序列较好地捕捉了区域极端干旱事件。本文的序列与天山北坡山区和天山南坡阿克苏河流域降水序列的干湿阶段是对应的,特别是与天山山区降水序列的干湿阶段(特别是干旱阶段)更为一致。 相似文献
6.
渭河上游干旱特征与降水对天水市水资源的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中利用气象和水文观测资料。分析了渭河上游50a的干旱特征及降水对天水市水资源的影响，分析表明，渭河上游年降水在空间上有量的差异，但在气候变化趋势上基本一致；降水量存在17、13、11和3a的周期；水资源对气候变化有很强的敏感性。岷县降水量的年际变化对渭河水资源变化有很强的指示性；气候阶段性变化比年际变化对水资源所造成的影响严重；未来20a渭河流域降水很可能呈缓慢上升趋势。 相似文献
7.
尚华明 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(2):9-17
：昆仑山北坡西部山区是树木年轮气候研究的薄弱区域。本文在位于公格尔山北坡的喀山河流域山区采集了雪岭云杉的树芯标本,分析了树轮宽度标准年表对塔里木盆地西缘气候要素的响应关系,发现了该区域的树木径向生长主要受水分条件限制,标准年表与塔里木盆地西缘6站上年7月至当年6月平均降水量的相关系数达到0.692。利用树轮宽度年表和年降水量之间的线性回归方程重建了塔里木盆地西缘1715—2014年降水量序列,转换方程的方差解释量为48.0%,且稳定可信。重建的降水序列记录了21个极端干旱年和21个极端湿润年。重建降水量的31年快速傅里叶变换（FFT）滑动序列分析发现塔里木盆地过去300年降水序列存在5个偏干阶段1725—1750、1777—1806、1821—1843、1854—1887和1911—1990年）和6个偏湿阶段（1715—1724、1751—1776、1807—1820、1844—1853、1888—1910和1991—2014年）,20世纪80年代中期以来增湿趋势明显,且还在持续。塔里木盆地西缘干湿变化的韵律与相邻区域的树木年轮水分记录是一致的,几个显著的干湿阶段均能较好地对应,只是其变化幅度和持续的时间存在差异。
关键词：塔里木盆地;公格尔山;雪岭云杉;树木年轮;降水量 相似文献
8.
通过对近51 a雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区4个气象站逐日降水资料进行等权平均取值,采用气候倾向率和小波分析法,研究了不同时间尺度下近51 a降水变化趋势及周期特征。结果表明:研究区降水量以20世纪80年代为最少,2000年后年降水量与20世纪90年代和60年代基本持平。夏季和秋季降水量年代际变化与年降水量的变化基本一致。近51 a降水量增加趋势不显著。年降水量存在准3 a、8—11 a和30 a的周期,以准11 a周期最为突出。降水量变化以春季增长趋势最显著,可在干旱季补充土壤水分,减轻风沙化土地的发生发展。秋季和冬季增长趋势不明显,夏季降水量呈减小趋势。就季节降水变化的时间尺度和周期性而言,2007年后四季降水表现为,春季在20—30 a时间尺度上将处于偏高期,夏季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,秋季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,冬季在20—30 a时间尺度上将出现向降水偏高的过渡期。 相似文献
9.
中国北方农牧交错带气候变化特征及未来趋势 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用1951—2006年中国台站日平均观测资料对北方农牧带过去56a气候变化特征进行了分析,指出该农牧带年降水量具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征,近10a来呈明显的下降趋势;年平均气温在20世纪90年代前期变化幅度较小,1987年之后持续偏暖,与全球及中国温度变化趋势一致;降水和温度变化具有明显的季节和区域差异。在气候特征分析基础上,利用全球海气耦合模式嵌套区域气候模式在SRES A2排放情景下对未来30a（2001-2030年）的气候变化进行了预估,对照30a模式气候场（1961—1990年）,分析了未来30a北方农牧交错带降水和温度变化的可能趋势,结果表明,未来该区平均地面气温持续升高,升温幅度达0．3℃,温度日较差将明显减小;年降水量呈增加趋势,但增加幅度较小,且降水变化具有明显的季节和地域差异;未来黄河上游地区干旱的威胁仍十分严峻。 相似文献
10.
丽水汛期降水多时间尺度演变特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1953—2008年丽水汛期逐月降水量资料,在利用趋势分析和Morlet连续小波变化对汛期降水时频变化特征进行分析的基础上,利用功率谱及Mann-Kendall检验等方法对丽水汛期降水的周期性特征及突变性进行检验。结果表明:20世纪90年代前,汛期旱涝交替周期为16～20a,90年代后,交替周期缩短为4～6a。近56a来,丽水汛期总降水量呈下降趋势,5月和9月降水量减少较显著,但夏季降水量则有所增加,其中以8月最为明显;丽水汛期降水量存在不同尺度的周期分量,并且各周期强度有所不同,其中5a和18a的周期振荡通过功率谱检验。Mann-Kendall检验显示丽水汛期降水在20世纪80年代减少最为显著,1962年是降水减少的突变点。 相似文献
11.
1960-2011年洞庭湖区年降水量变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以洞庭湖区24个气象站1960-2011年的降水量资料为基础数据,利用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验法、小波分析等方法分析了洞庭湖区年降水量的变化特征,并采用正交分解函数EOF、旋转正交分解函数REOF计算了洞庭湖区年尺度的标准化降水指数（SPI）,分析了洞庭湖区的旱涝时空分布特征。结果表明：洞庭湖区年降水量空间上由北向南逐渐增加,时间上没有显著变化趋势。1963年洞庭湖年降水量发生突变。洞庭湖区年降水量存在6a、9a和16-17a振荡周期。洞庭湖区旱涝频繁,极端气候事件有增加的趋势。洞庭湖区年降水量在空间上具有较好的一致性,为普遍干旱或洪涝,但也存在南北反相变化即南部干旱北部洪涝或南部洪涝北部干旱的特点。洞庭湖区年降水量存在南部、西北部和中部3个异常气候区。 相似文献
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The climate observation data, reanalysis data, and grain/soybean yields per unit area were used to analyze and interpret the impact of climate change on grain production. The results show that Jilin Province was located in a remarkable increase area of temperature during the growing season (May-September) from 1948 in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The mid-west and south of Jilin Province and Liaoning Province were located in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation, wherein a warm/dry tendency of climate change dominated, while the east of Jilin Province lay in a clear linear decrease tendency area of annual precipitation. The climate warming played an important role in continuous increase in the grain yield per unit area since the1980's in the main grain production areas of Jilin Province, however, from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, the beneficial effect seemed to be not obvious any longer, the grain yield per unit area fluctuated with annual precipitation. 相似文献
14.
The seasonally varying moisture balance in a montane forest of Southeast Asia is reconstructed for the 20th century from the oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of subannual tree cellulose samples of Pinus kesiya growing at 1,500?m elevation on Doi Chiang Dao in northern Thailand. The cellulose δ18O values exhibit a distinctive annual cycle with amplitude of up to 12?‰, which we interpret to represent primarily the seasonal cycle of precipitation δ18O. The annual mean δ18O values correlate significantly with the amount of summer monsoon precipitation, and suggest a temporal weakening relationship between the South Asian monsoon and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation over the late 20th century. The cellulose δ18O annual maxima values, which reflect the dry season moisture status, have declined progressively over the 20th century by about 3.5?‰. We interpret this to indicate a change in the contribution of the isotopically distinct fog water to the dry season soil moisture in response to rising temperature as well as deforestation. 相似文献
15.
吉林省气候变化及其对粮食生产的影响 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
应用气候观测、再分析资料和吉林省粮豆单产资料,研究了气候变化对粮食生产的影响。结果表明：近40多年来在北半球中纬度地区,吉林省是夏季农业生长季（5-9月）的平均温度上升趋势最显著的地区,该省中西部、南部和辽宁省为东北地区年降水量线性减少趋势较显著的地区,气候变化以暖干倾向为主;吉林省东部为年降水量线性增加趋势的显著地区。吉林省气候变暖对自20世纪80年代以来粮豆单产的持续增长起着重要的作用,但在20世纪末期至21世纪初,这种有利作用已不明显,呈现出粮豆单产年际变化随降水量的多寡而振动的特点。 相似文献
16.
Lisa J. Graumlich Michael F. J. Pisaric Lindsey A. Waggoner Jeremy S. Littell John C. King 《Climatic change》2003,59(1-2):245-262
Climate variability, coupled with increasing demand is raising concerns about the sustainability of water resources in the western United States. Tree-ring reconstructions of stream flow that extend the observational record by several centuries provide critical information on the short-term variability and multi-decadal trends in water resources. In this study, precipitation sensitive Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzeisii) tree ringrecords are used to reconstruct annual flow of the Yellowstone River back to A.D. 1706. Linkages between precipitation in the Greater Yellowstone Region and climate variability in the Pacific basin were incorporated into our model by including indices Pacific Ocean interannual and decadal-scale climatic variability, namely the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation. The reconstruction indicates that 20th century streamflow is not representative of flow during the previous two centuries. With the exception of the 1930s, streamflow during the 20th century exceeded average flows during the previous 200 years. The drought of the 1930s resulted in the lowest flows during the last three centuries, however, this probably does not represent a worst-case scenario for the Yellowstone as other climate reconstructions indicate more extreme droughts prior to the 18th century. 相似文献
17.
Abstract Trends in Canadian temperature and precipitation during the 20th century are analyzed using recently updated and adjusted station data. Six elements, maximum, minimum and mean temperatures along with diurnal temperature range (DTR), precipitation totals and ratio of snowfall to total precipitation are investigated. Anomalies from the 1961–1990 reference period were first obtained at individual stations, and were then used to generate gridded datasets for subsequent trend analyses. Trends were computed for 1900–1998 for southern Canada (south of 60°N), and separately for 1950–1998 for the entire country, due to insufficient data in the high arctic prior to the 1950s. From 1900–1998, the annual mean temperature has increased between 0.5 and 1.5°C in the south. The warming is greater in minimum temperature than in maximum temperature in the first half of the century, resulting in a decrease of DTR. The greatest warming occurred in the west, with statistically significant increases mostly seen during spring and summer periods. Annual precipitation has also increased from 5% to 35% in southern Canada over the same period. In general, the ratio of snowfall to total precipitation has been increasing due mostly to the increase in winter precipitation which generally falls as snow and an increase of ratio in autumn. Negative trends were identified in some southern regions during spring. From 1950–1998, the pattern of temperature change is distinct: warming in the south and west and cooling in the northeast, with similar magnitudes in both maximum and minimum temperatures. This pattern is mostly evident in winter and spring. Across Canada, precipitation has increased by 5% to 35%, with significant negative trends found in southern regions during winter. Overall, the ratio of snowfall to total precipitation has increased, with significant negative trends occurring mostly in southern Canada during spring. Indices of abnormal climate conditions are also examined. These indices were defined as areas of Canada for 1950–1998, or southern Canada for 1900–1998, with temperature or precipitation anomalies above the 66th or below the 34th percentiles in their relevant time series. These confirmed the above findings and showed that climate has been becoming gradually wetter and warmer in southern Canada throughout the entire century, and in all of Canada during the latter half of the century. 相似文献
18.
利用2014年采自巴丹吉林沙漠西南缘的胡杨样本,建立了该地区胡杨树轮年表,选用相关函数法结合高台气象站历年逐月降水和温度(月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均最低气温、平均地温)等主要气候因子,分析巴丹吉林沙漠西南缘胡杨树轮对气候的响应;研究表明,黑泉乡胡杨树轮宽度标准化年表与生长季平均气温相关较好,具有明显的正相关关系。而生长季3-9月的平均气温与胡杨树轮宽度年表的相关高达0.629(P<0.0001),3-9月的平均气温可能是该地区胡杨树木径向生长的主要限制性因子且具有明确的树木生理学意义。 相似文献
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Tree-ring reconstructed summer Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) are used to identify decadal droughts more severe and
prolonged than any witnessed during the instrumental period. These “megadroughts” are identified at two spatial scales, the
North American continental scale (exclusive of Alaska and boreal Canada) and at the sub-continental scale over western North
America. Intense decadal droughts have had significant environmental and socioeconomic impacts, as is illustrated with historical
information. Only one prolonged continent-wide megadrought during the past 500 years exceeded the decadal droughts witnessed
during the instrumental period, but three megadroughts occurred over the western sector of North America from a.d. 1300 to 1900. The early 20th century pluvial appears to have been unmatched at either the continental or sub-continental
scale during the past 500 to 700 years. The decadal droughts of the 20th century, and the reconstructed megadroughts during
the six previous centuries, all covered large sectors of western North America and in some cases extended into the eastern
United States. All of these persistent decadal droughts included shorter duration cells of regional drought (sub-decadal
≈ 6 years), most of which resemble the regional patterns of drought identified with monthly and annual data during the 20th
century. These well-known regional drought patterns are also characterized by unique monthly precipitation climatologies.
Intense sub-decadal drought shifted among these drought regions during the modern and reconstructed multi-year droughts, which
prolonged large-scale drought and resulted in the regimes of megadrought. 相似文献