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1.
The Koyna Dam in India was subjected to a severe earthquake on 11 December 1967 with its epicentre very close to the dam site. During this earthquake, higher non-overflow monoliths of the dam suffered significant damage. In the highest non-overflow monolith, a horizontal crack occurred at the level where there was an abrupt change in the downstream slope. The dynamic behaviour of the top profile of this monolith of the dam above the crack has been investigated treating it as a rigid body. The study shows that the overturning of the cracked portion of the dam will not occur due to the severest anticipated ground motion at the site. However, to prevent the seepage of water and as a permanent remedial measure, strengthening of the dam is necessary but no emergency measures need be taken. 相似文献
2.
汶川地震中宝珠寺水电站遭受的地震烈度为8°(相当于水平峰值加速度0.2 g),远超过大坝的设计地震水平(0.1 g),震后大坝未见明显震损.为解释大坝在地震中的抗震现象,构建了坝址区三维模型.考虑坝体横缝非线性以及三个方向地震作用的不同组合方式,对汶川地震中大坝的动力响应进行有限元模拟.在此基础上,针对震后提高的抗震设防标准,进一步选取典型坝段,采用二维弹塑性方法对大坝进行抗震复核并分析可能的破坏模式.模拟结果表明:横河向地震分量起主导作用而顺河向地震作用相对较弱是宝珠寺重力坝在汶川地震中免于发生损坏的主要原因.坝顶混凝土发生挤压破碎缘于永久横缝在地震中高频渐开渐合行为引起的剧烈碰撞.宝珠寺重力坝对设计地震0.27 g的强震可以保持整体的安全性,对校核地震0.32 g的强震整体安全性降低,水库正常运行及抵抗余震的能力将受到影响. 相似文献
3.
Ruifang Yu Yisheng Song Xiangyun Guo Qianli Yang Xinjuan He Yanxiang Yu 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(5):314-328
Seismic hazard analyses are mainly performed using either deterministic or probabilistic methods. However, there are still some defects in these statistical model-based approaches for regional seismic risk assessment affected by the near-field of large earthquakes. Therefore, we established a deterministic seismic hazard analysis method that can characterize the entire process of ground motion propagation based on stochastic finite-fault simulation, and we chose the site of the Xiluodu dam to demonstrate the method. This method can characterize earthquake source properties more realistically than other methods and consider factors such as the path and site attenuation of seismic waves. It also has high computational efficiency and is convenient for engineering applications. We first analyzed the complexity of seismogenic structures in the Xiluodu dam site area, and then an evaluation system for ground motion parameters that considers various uncertainties is constructed based on a stochastic finite-fault simulation. Finally, we assessed the seismic hazard of the dam site area comprehensively. The proposed method was able to take into account the complexity of the seismogenic structures affecting the dam site and provide multi-level parameter evaluation results corresponding to different risk levels. These results can be used to construct a dam safety assessment system of an earthquake in advance that provides technical support for rapidly and accurately assessing the post-earthquake damage state of a dam, thus determining the influence of an earthquake on dam safety and mitigating the risk of potential secondary disasters. 相似文献
4.
1962年3月19日新丰江水库大坝附近发生MS 6.1级强烈地震后,13-17#坝段在108.5m高程处出现了长达82m的贯穿裂缝,导致水库渗漏,其后虽进行了加固处理,但经过50多年的运营,贯穿裂缝的现状如何,备受各级政府及专家学者的关注。本文利用近些年大坝上的多次小震观测记录,通过对有无贯穿裂缝坝段的地震加速度时程傅氏谱及上下坝体传递函数的对比分析,对14#坝段的整体性和稳定性进行了系统研究。结果表明,到目前为止,大坝贯穿裂缝没有明显恶化,但整体性依然较差,仍然是大坝稳定性的最大隐患。 相似文献
5.
A magnitude 4.3 earthquake occurred near Pacoima Dam on 13 January 2001. An accelerometer array that had been upgraded after the Northridge earthquake recorded the motion with 17 channels on the dam and the dam–foundation interface. Using this data, properties of the first two modes are found from a system identification study. Modal properties are also determined from a forced vibration experiment performed in 2002 and indicate a significantly stiffer system than is estimated from the 2001 earthquake records. The 2001 earthquake, although small, must have induced temporary nonlinearity. This has implications for structural health monitoring. The source of the nonlinear behaviour is believed to be loss of stiffness in the foundation rock. A finite element model of Pacoima Dam is constructed and calibrated to match modal properties determined from the system identification study. A dynamic simulation of the 2001 earthquake response produces computed motions that agree fairly well with the recorded ones. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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7.
2018年10月31日16时29分四川西昌发生M_S5.1地震,震中距官地大坝26 km,官地大坝强震监测台阵完整地记录到了本次地震过程。基于官地大坝强震监测台阵记录到的西昌地震强震动数据,通过分析各测点的时程特征、频谱反应规律,研究官地大坝在西昌地震作用下的反应特征和规律。研究表明大坝各部位PGA范围在3.70～69.98 gal,仪器烈度值在1.8～5.2度之间,受西昌地震破裂方向影响,强震动三分向峰值及频谱特性随着高程的增加呈明显的方向性放大效应,总体表现为顺河向分量大于横河向和垂直向分量;此次地震反应周期小于大坝基岩场地特征周期,且西昌地震激励下大坝场地卓越周期与大坝自振周期相差较大,本次地震对大坝安全无影响。 相似文献
8.
J. H. Wood 《地震工程与结构动力学》1976,4(4):349-377
A study has been made of the response, during the San Fernando earthquake 9 February 1971, of the nine-storey steel frame Building 180, located at the California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena. The analysis throws light on the actual dynamical properties of the building during the earthquake, and also demonstrates that it is possible, when the ground motion is specified, to make accurate predictions of building motions during moderate earthquakes by using a linear viscously damped model. Methods of evaluating the lower mode periods and damping ratios from the earthquake records are described and the values obtained are compared with results from dynamic testing before and after the earthquake and with the periods computed from computer models of the building. Although no structural damage occurred and computed stresses in the steel frame were less than yield stresses, the periods measured by an ambient vibration test after the earthquake were of the order of 10 per cent higher than the pre-earthquake values. The maximum periods during the earthquake were found to be about 30 per cent higher than the post-earthquake periods. 相似文献
9.
A numerical method, the hybrid frequency-time domain (HFTD) procedure, is used to compute the earthquake response of concrete gravity dams, including sliding along the interface between the dam base and the foundation rock. The solution procedure accounts for the non-linear base sliding behaviour and the frequency-dependent response of the impounded water and flexible foundation rock. A Coulomb friction model represents the force-displacement relationship for sliding at the base interface. Using the solution procedure, an analysis of a typical dam (122 m high) shows that base sliding will occur during a moderate earthquake but the sliding displacement will be a tolerable amount when dam-foundation rock interaction is considered. 相似文献
10.
Kefayati Sadegh Baghbanan Alireza Torkan Masoud Hashemolhosseini Hamid Dehnavi Roohollah Narimani 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2020,19(4):937-951
Uncertainty in input fracture geometric parameters during analysis of the stability of jointed rock slopes is inevitable and therefore the stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN) — distinct element method (DEM) is an efficient modeling tool. In this research, potentially unstable conditions are detected in the right abutment of the Karun 4 dam and downstream of the dam body as a case study. Two extreme states with small and relatively large block sizes are selected and a series of numerical DEM models are generated using a number of validated DFN models. Stability of the rock slope is assessed in both static and dynamic loading states. Based on the design basis earthquake (DBE) and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) expected in the dam site, histories of seismic waves are applied to analyze the stability of the slope in dynamic earthquake conditions. The results indicate that a MCE is likely to trigger sliding of rock blocks on the rock slope major joint. Furthermore, the dynamic analysis also shows a local block failure by the DBE, which can consequently lead to slope instability over the long term. According to the seismic behavior of the two models, larger blocks are prone to greater instability and are less safe against earthquakes.
相似文献11.
A. Rivas-Medina M. A. Santoyo F. Luzón B. Benito J. M. Gaspar-Escribano A. García-Jerez 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2012,169(8):1519-1537
This paper presents a new hazard-consistent ground motion characterization of the Itoiz dam site, located in Northern Spain. Firstly, we propose a methodology with different approximation levels to the expected ground motion at the dam site. Secondly, we apply this methodology taking into account the particular characteristics of the site and of the dam. Hazard calculations were performed following the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment method using a logic tree, which accounts for different seismic source zonings and different ground-motion attenuation relationships. The study was done in terms of peak ground acceleration and several spectral accelerations of periods coinciding with the fundamental vibration periods of the dam. In order to estimate these ground motions we consider two different dam conditions: when the dam is empty (T?=?0.1?s) and when it is filled with water to its maximum capacity (T?=?0.22?s). Additionally, seismic hazard analysis is done for two return periods: 975?years, related to the project earthquake, and 4,975?years, identified with an extreme event. Soil conditions were also taken into account at the site of the dam. Through the proposed methodology we deal with different forms of characterizing ground motion at the study site. In a first step, we obtain the uniform hazard response spectra for the two return periods. In a second step, a disaggregation analysis is done in order to obtain the controlling earthquakes that can affect the dam. Subsequently, we characterize the ground motion at the dam site in terms of specific response spectra for target motions defined by the expected values SA (T) of T?=?0.1 and 0.22?s for the return periods of 975 and 4,975?years, respectively. Finally, synthetic acceleration time histories for earthquake events matching the controlling parameters are generated using the discrete wave-number method and subsequently analyzed. Because of the short relative distances between the controlling earthquakes and the dam site we considered finite sources in these computations. We conclude that directivity effects should be taken into account as an important variable in this kind of studies for ground motion characteristics. 相似文献
12.
This work summarises the seismic hazard analysis performed for the complete characterisation of strong ground-motion at the site of the Itoiz dam (Western Pyrenees, Spain). The hazard analysis includes the compilation of a composite catalogue from French and Spanish agencies, the definition of an original hybrid seismogenic source model (including zones and major faults) and the selection of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Hazard results are provided as hazard curves and acceleration response spectra on rock for the 1000- and 5000-year return periods, which correspond respectively to the operating basis earthquake (OBE) and safety evaluation earthquake (SEE). The impact of truncating GMPEs at a number of standard deviations (epsilon) has been found not critical here for the return periods targeted. Subsequently, an analysis of the contribution of each source to total hazard and a hazard disaggregation analysis are performed in order to establish the earthquake-source parameters for both the OBE and SEE scenarios consistently with the seismotectonics of the region. The European Strong Motion database is then searched and a selection of records is proposed for each of the scenarios. Our results suggest that seismic hazard in the region is underestimated by the official Spanish seismic hazard map included in the current version of the code (NCSE-02), which is the reference document for the definition of seismic actions for dam projects in the whole Pyrenees. 相似文献
13.
R. J. Cmara 《地震工程与结构动力学》2000,29(4):441-460
This paper presents a method for coupled arch dam–foundation–reservoir seismic behaviour analysis. The dam is discretized by finite elements (FE) and the foundation and reservoir are discretized by boundary elements (BE). The opening of contraction joints and the spatial variability of the seismic action is taken into account. The study of Pacoima dam by this method is also presented. The computed results show that no cracks were to be expected due to the vibrations induced during the Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
The investigation on the seismic behavior of dams becomes crucial but is limited to lack of experimental or field data. This paper aims to experimentally simulate two major dam types of earth-core rock-fill dam and concrete-faced rock-fill dam by dynamic centrifuge tests to investigate the seismic response of the dam. A series of staged centrifuge tests was performed by applying real earthquake records from 0.05 to 0.5g. The distributions of amplification ratio differed depending on the magnitude of earthquake loading and the zoning condition. The amplification ratio at the crest increased in the bedrock acceleration that exceeds 0.3g and strongly influenced by the loosening behavior of the upper part. The residual settlements and horizontal displacement at the dam crest were small. Shallow surface sliding was dominant failure. The maximum tensile stress on the face slab by dynamic loading occurred at a height of around 4/5 near the upstream water level. Finally, two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed in an effort to simulate the centrifuge models. The centrifuge tests and numerical analysis obtained mostly comparable results, thus confirming that centrifuge modeling reasonably simulates the seismic behavior of dams. 相似文献
15.
利用地震危险性概率分析方法对大（Ⅰ）型一等工程－某大型水利枢纽工程所在的场址进行地震危险性分析;该拟建工程场址所在的西昆仑地震带是新疆境内地震活动强度最高、频度最大的地震带,拟建工程坝高库大,为了进行准确的地震危险性分析研究。本研究根据区域地震活动性及地震构造研究成果,确定了地震活动性参数,按照构造类比、历史地震重演原则划分了潜在震源区;在分析了区域地震活动环境和地震构造等因素后,综合评价其对场地地震危险性的影响;根据确定的地震动衰减关系及地震带、潜在震源区的地震活动性参数,应用概率方法计算得出了场地不同概率水平的水平向基岩峰值加速度。其结果做为适合该水库的工程场地地震危险性分析结论,用于指导工程选址、设计、抗震设防。 相似文献
16.
汤溪水库始建于1959年,当时未对地震设防。为响应“国际减灾十年”号召,有关部门要求对该水库大坝的抗震能力进行复核。 在研究区的地震地质、地震活动性以及深部地球物理场等资料的基础上,划分出四个潜在震源区,并用概率地震危险性分析方法,给出复核大坝抗震能力的两个等级的地震动:取地震复发周期475年(相当于地震基本烈度)的峰加速度142.2cm/s~2,复发周期2474年(相当于“罕遇烈度”)的峰加速度229.6cm/s~2。 在上述地震动下,利用三种方法对大坝抗震能力进行复核:1.水工建筑物抗震设计规范SDJ10—78的拟静力法;2.有限元整体永久变形分析法;3.有限滑动永久变形分析法。根据上述三种方法的复核结果,主坝可以抗御地震基本烈度的作用;在罕遇烈度下,几种方法的结果稍有不同;拟静力法的最小安全系数K=1.08,稍小规范规定的1.1;整体永久变形算出的最大水平永久变形10.8cm,估计坝顶和坝坡会出现规模不大条数不多的纵、横向裂缝,因此是可以接受的,有限滑动分析的几种类似的方法给出的结果差别较大,尤其是Romo法,得出水平和垂直最大永久变形分别为66cm和21cm。综合来看,在罕遇烈度下,主坝的抗震能力处于临界状态。副坝抗震能力高,在罕遇烈度下也是令人放心的。 相似文献
17.
RESEARCH ON GENESIS OF M4.2 AND M4.5 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCES IN MARCH 2014 IN ZIGUI COUNTY,HUBEI PROVINCE 
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下载免费PDF全文 On 27th and 30th March 2014, an M4.2 and M4.5 earthquake sequence occurred in Zigui County, Hubei Province, and the earthquake sequence type is double seismic type. The two earthquake sequences occurred at the water unloading stage of the 175m trial impounding, and G-R relations showed the similar characteristics with that of the tectonic earthquakes. In order to verify the influences of dam reservoir on earthquake triggering, ETAS model was introduced, the results showed that the slow water level changes had little impact on the occurrence of earthquake. Double difference precision relocation results indicated that the two earthquake sequences occurred at the intersection part of a NE-striking fault and the NNW-striking Xiannvshan Fault, and the preferred direction of aftershock distribution was separately NE and NNW. Moment tensor inversion method and P wave initial motion method were used to determine the focal mechanisms of the two earthquakes, and the results indicated that the two earthquakes were controlled by the regional tectonic stress field and were of reverse-slip type. Comprehensive analysis showed that the M4.2 earthquake was caused by a small-scale fault striking NE with a big dip angle. From the hypocenter profile, it can be seen that the M4.2 earthquake sequence was restrained by an east-dip fault, and the M4.5 earthquake sequence was the product under the conjugate action of the NE-striking fault and the NNW-striking Xiannvshan fault. 相似文献
18.
《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(5):1309-1328
A direct finite element method for nonlinear earthquake analysis of 2‐dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems has recently been presented. The analysis procedure uses standard viscous‐damper absorbing boundaries to model the semi‐unbounded foundation‐rock and fluid domains and specifies the seismic input as effective earthquake forces at these boundaries. Presented in this paper is a generalization of the direct finite element method with viscous‐damper boundaries to 3‐dimensional dam–water–foundation rock systems. Step‐by‐step procedures for determining the effective earthquake forces starting from a ground motion specified at a control point on the foundation‐rock surface is developed, and several numerical examples are computed and compared with independent benchmark solutions to demonstrate the effectiveness of the analysis procedure for modeling 3‐dimensional systems. 相似文献
19.
A time-domain method for the analysis of arch dam-foundation rock dynamic interaction during earthquake was proposed, and
the dynamic relaxation technique was adopted to obtain the initial static response for dynamic analysis by [Du et al. (2005).
The paper has been contributed to Bulletin of earthquake engineering]. In this paper, a nonlinear explicit method in time
domain considering the opening and closing effect of contact joints on arch dam during earthquake is further proposed by introducing
the dynamic contact force model into the method. The simulation accuracy of dynamic contact force model is verified by comparing
its calculation result and test result of scale model on shaking table. Finally, the influence of joints on the seismic response
of Xiaowan arch dam is studied by the proposed method and some conclusions are given. 相似文献
20.
A new plastic-damage constitutive model for cyclic loading of concrete has been developed for the earthquake analysis of concrete dams. The rate-independent model consistently includes the effects of strain softening, represented by separate damage variables for tension and compression. A simple scalar degradation model simulates the effects of damage on the elastic stiffness and the recovery of stiffness after cracks close. To simulate large crack opening displacements, the evolution of inelastic strain is stopped beyond a critical value for the tensile damage variable. Subsequent deformation can be recovered upon crack closing. The rate-independent plastic-damage model forms the backbone model for a rate-dependent viscoplastic extension. The rate-dependent regularization is necessary to obtain a unique and mesh objective numerical solution. Damping is represented as a linear viscoelastic behaviour proportional to the elastic stiffness including the degradation damage. The plastic-damage constitutive model is used to evaluate the response of Koyna dam in the 1967 Koyna earthquake. The analysis shows two localized cracks forming and then joining at the change in geometry of the upper part of the dam. The upper portion of the dam vibrates essentially as rigid-body rocking motion after the upper cracks form, but the dam remains stable. The vertical component of ground motion influences the post-cracking response. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献