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三峡库区三期地质灾害防治监测预警的主要方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
主要介绍了三峡库区三期地质灾害防治监测预警专业监测系统工程的主要任务、工作内容、监测预警工程施工和主要监测预警方法,阐述了有效的监测工作在地质灾害防治工程中的重要意义,同时介绍了研制的新型监测仪器在三峡库区三期地质灾害防治监测工程中的应用。 相似文献
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近年来国内大力开展了地质灾害综合防治体系建设，在调查评价、监测预警、搬迁避让、工程治理和能力建设等方面均取得了成效，但也存在理论基础不完善、保障体系待健全、防治方向欠清晰等问题。本文以湖南省为例，分析了省内地质灾害的属性及地质灾害防治的本质特征，探讨了区域地质灾害综合防治工作的理论基础，提出了构建以“社会保障、科技保障、经济保障”三大基础保障和“规划评估、调查评价、监测预警、综合治理”四项防治工程有机结合为特色的全省地质灾害综合防治体系新架构，可为湖南省科学防灾减灾提供决策依据。 相似文献
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深圳市突发性地质灾害预警预报流程设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先探讨了突发性地质灾害预警预报分级体系,认为不但要考虑地质灾害发生可能性等级,还要考虑地质灾害可能造成的损失等级,并提出了综合这两个方面的三级警报分级体系.然后提出了突发性地质灾害预警预报流程设计的四大原则,即合法性、科学性、及时性、实用性.最后设计了一套适合深圳市实际情况突发性地质灾害预警预报流程,说明了地质灾害预警预报信息的传输、制作与签批过程. 相似文献
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地质灾害隐患监测预警已成为主动防控地质灾害的重要手段。目前甘肃省监测预警体系共建设灾害点位3 952处,安装设备13 427台/套。预警体系的建设在一定程度上提高了甘肃省地质灾害综合应急防治能力,但每年大量的预警误报问题却给监测预警工作带来极大困扰,严重影响其防灾减灾效果。本文针对甘肃省地质灾害监测预警实践中的预警误报问题,结合近年来的科学研究和经验教训,提出了自己的认识。主要观点包括：预警阈值的设定短期内仍然是无法解决的难题,也是导致预警误报的重要原因之一。在监测数据采集阶段,场地振动、施工工艺和因温度变化设备晶体管和蓄电池的参数变化导致的数据波动,都会触发误报。在数据分析阶段,粗差数据的剔除,以及以监测数据曲线整体变化趋势为主设定的预警值,可以减少部分预警误报。雨量计和土壤含水率设备的相互联动预警,可以避免很多雨量误报。监测预警工作全过程管控至关重要,误报不仅因预警阈值不合理,更因多种因素叠加导致。 相似文献
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提升地质灾害气象风险预警预报能力是地质灾害综合防治体系建设的主要内容之一。四川省自2003年起率先开展地质灾害气象风险预警工作。在长期实践基础上,于2019年开始重点在预警模型分析和建立、系统设计与实现、分级预警运行模式等方面进行了研究,创建了地质灾害预警模型库、“省市县一体化”地质灾害气象风险预警互联系统及分级预警机制。基本实现了基于雨量数据传输、预警模型分析运算、预警信息发布等“省市县一体化”平台的互联互通及分级预警的闭环管理,初步解决了市县缺平台、缺经费、缺技术的三缺问题及多头发布预警信息对基层造成的干扰问题。2023年四川省成功避险的案例中地质灾害气象风险预警发挥作用的占86%,有效减少了地质灾害造成的人员伤亡和财产损失。 相似文献
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中国地质灾害早期预警体系建设与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阐述了中国地质灾害防治面临的形势及早期预警体系建设的现状。贯彻以人为本、预防为主、防治结合的地质灾害原则，逐步形成和推行中国独特的地质灾害防治体系，其核心是建设早期预警体系，内容包括：地质灾害多发区地质灾害调查和区划、建设用地的地质灾害危险性评估和地质灾害的监测预警。另外，还对比了中国和国际地质灾害防治情况，展望未来地质灾害防治的趋势。 相似文献
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刘传正 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2011,22(4):126-126
本书由刘传正博士编著,由科学出版社正式出版发行。包括上下两篇。上篇提出了地质灾害防治工程的基本理论方法体系,包括地质灾害的基本概念和基本属性、地质灾害与地质环境变化、地质灾害的调查与勘查评价、监测预警、防治工程论证与设计、 相似文献
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地质灾害气象风险预警已成为指导各地高效开展防灾减灾工作的重要手段之一。但由于受到各种因素的影响,预警范围的精确度、信息的可靠度及覆盖度均有待提高。本文结合四川地质灾害防治工作实践,提出建立健全地质灾害风险预警管理办法、拓宽预警覆盖面、整合资源、合力防灾的相关对策。 相似文献
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The classical region of the Holsteinian interglacial is in the vicinity of Hamburg and the Lower Elbe. It is defined on the basis of pollen and is clearly distinguishable from the Eemian interglacial (Hallik, 1960; Müller, 1974). The Holsteinian interglacial is represented by a sequence of sediments up to 100 m in thickness. These consist of limnic, fluvial, and marine beds and show a transgression up to the height of present sea-level.Twenty-seven molluscs from Holsteinian deposits were used for ESR dating. The ages show that the Holsteinian may be correlated with stage 7 of the deep sea record V28-238 (Shackleton and Opdyke, 1973). 相似文献
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Using the Pauzhetka and Nizhnee Koshelevskoe geothermal deposits (South Kamchatka), we studied physical-chemical characteristics
of hydrothermal clays that form thick (on average, 1.5–1.8 m) and spacious (up to few km2 in area) subsurface horizon with peculiar petrophysical and mineralogical-geochemical properties. It was established that
the properties of hydrothermal clays are determined by their micro- and nanostructure, which is made up of nanoparticles of
aluminosilicates, sulfates, accessory and ore minerals (primarily, sulfides and iron oxides), and amorphous phases. The subsurface
horizon of hydrothermal clays represents a long-lived (up to 10 ka and more) highly dynamic colloidal-dispersed mineralogical-geochemical
system, which reflects the interaction of deep-seated metalliferous fluids with geological medium in the supergene zone of
geothermal deposits. 相似文献
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渤海海域S油田新近系明化镇组河流相复合砂体叠置样式分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河流相砂体是我国陆相盆地最主要的油气储集层之一,随着90年代渤海海域浅层河流相油气勘探获得重大突破,使得河流相储层成为当前海上油田研究的热点。本文利用野外露头、现代沉积和岩芯以及钻测井等资料,以高分辨率层序地层学原理为指导,在精细的层序地层格架基础上,分析S油田新近系明化镇组明下段河流相层序格架和砂体结构的沉积特征,总结砂体的发育规模特征。建立河流相砂体的沉积模式,将明下段划分为38个五级层序、13个四级层序和4个三级层序;在层序格架内把河流相砂体叠置样式划分为3种类型共7类样式,分别为堆叠型、侧叠型和孤立型,和紧密接触侧叠型、疏散接触侧叠型、离散接触侧叠型、下切侵蚀河道孤立型、决口扇孤立型、孤立河道和堆叠构型7类样式。河流相砂体叠置样式的建立推动了陆相高分辨率层序学的发展。 相似文献
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The distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) is a newly developed numerical tool for modeling rock dynamics problems, i.e. dynamic failure and wave propagation. In this paper, parallelization of DLSM is presented. With the development of parallel computing technologies in both hardware and software, parallelization of a code is becoming easier than before. There are many available choices now. In this paper, Open Multi‐Processing (OpenMP) with multicore personal computer (PC) and message passing interface (MPI) with cluster are selected as the environments to parallelize DLSM. Performances of these parallel DLSM codes are tested on different computers. It is found that the parallel DLSM code with OpenMP can reach a maximum speed‐up of 4.68× on a quad‐core PC. The parallel DLSM code with MPI can achieve a speed‐up of 40.886× when 256 CPUs are used on a cluster. At the end of this paper, a high‐resolution model with four million particles, which is too big to handle by the serial code, is simulated by using the parallel DLSM code on a cluster. It is concluded that the parallelization of DLSM is successful. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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V. B. Spektor V. V. Spektor N. T. Bakulina N. V. Torgovkin A. M. Cherepanova G. T. Maksimov L. G. Neradovskii 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,467(1):232-235
An inlier of Jurassic rocks is identified for the first time at the surface of the first terrace above a floodplain composed of Holocene sediments on the left side of the Lena River. It represents a block of Jurassic rocks similar compositionally to rocks in outcrops on the left slope of the river valley. It is shown that the block was displaced along faults in the Holocene. The rocks of the inlier are deformed, and the Paleogene–Neogene sequence covering the plateau (altitude approximately 200 m) is displaced in the stepwise mode to the level corresponding to the bottom of the Lena River valley (altitude approximately 100 m). The Holocene alluvium enveloping the inlier belongs to the constratal type being up to 40 m thick. Steep faceted morphostructures on the left slope of the Lena River valley coincide with the faults. The left slope of the valley is crossed exclusively by young incisions. It is assumed that Holocene movements may be reactivated in the future. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. Frisch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1984,73(1):33-45
Late Mesozoic subduction of Penninic oceanic lithosphere finds its response in the sedimentary record. The corresponding sediments are deposited in a deep-sea trench environment and are developed as distal, partly proximal flysches, containing breccias and olistolites, which are up to kilometer-sized (wildflysch). In the Tauern window this facies is represented by the Nordrahmen zone, which is the equivalent to the Matrei zone. It is proposed to apply the term “Matrei zone” to the entire zone. It forms the high parts of the Bündner Schiefer and Tauernflysch formation. The olistolites derive from the unstable Austroalpine continental margin (Lower Austroalpine). In the Unterengadin window the wildflysch faciès is found in North, Middle and South Penninic position. In that there are kilometer-sized blocks of clearly Lower Austroalpine provenance in a North Penninic position, the Middle Penninic Tasna zone must already have been subducted at the time of emplacement of these olistolites. The Tasna zone itself contains a number of olistolites and disintegrates towards the northeast into a wildflysch zone. Its nappe character is discussed. After earlier fossil findings it is likely that the lower flysch zones of the Unterengadin window contain younger members than the higher ones. Thus, a mechanism of offscraping of the trench sediments and piling up in an accreting wedge above a subduction zone is proposed. 相似文献
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介绍了煤矿坑道大直径水平长钻孔的工业性试验情况。试验中使用定向钻进技术施工了4个钻孔,两个钻孔长度达到80 0m以上,试验钻孔最深86 5m,其中85 5m保持在煤层中连续延伸,孔径15 3mm,最高时效达到2 8m/h。文中还对试验中遇到的问题提出了自己的见解。 相似文献
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Coal pebbles found in 1994 in the Greham Bell Island (Franz Josef Land Archipelago) are made up of the Barzas-type cuticular liptobiolith. The coal belongs to the initial stage of catagenesis and is characterized by high content of cutinite (up to 70%) with very low reflectance (Ro= 0.1%). Maceration products show some tegillate elements of Arthropodaand individual Devonian spores. It is supposed that plant cuticle and Arthropoda exocuticle are present in this coal. The obtained data suggest the presence of Paleozoic rocks in the sedimentary sequence, although they are not yet recovered. These data complement the available information on the distribution of specific Devonian coals and allow us to have a new insight into the zoogenic material involved in the coal formation. 相似文献
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关于平流层异常影响对流层天气系统的研究进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
人们传统上认为大气平流层很少能对对流层产生重要影响,但是,最近几年的观测研究表明这种自上而下的影响是显著的和非常重要的,特别地,近几年关于北极涛动的研究极大推动了这一问题的研究进展。这方面的研究发现平流层异常可以对对流层天气系统产生重要影响,也就是冬季平流层北极涛动（AO）的负异常可以诱发中高纬度地区寒潮天气,而AO的正异常则导致中高纬度地区的温暖晴朗天气。由于观测分析表明平流层AO的异常信号总是领先对流层AO异常,一些学者甚至建议冬季北半球平流层的异常信号可以作为预报对流层天气变化的先行指标,并可以把对流层天气预报的时限提高到3个星期以上。综述这一领域在最近几年的研究进展、阐述平流层异常影响对流层天气系统的物理机制和总结各种不同的学术观点,并对将来研究中应注意的问题提出了建议。 相似文献