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1.
Discrete numerical modelling of rockfill dams 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this study is to obtain quantitative information on the behaviour of rockfill used in embankment dams, and particularly on the influence of block breakage on the displacement field, from a numerical analysis using the Distinct element method. A methodology is set up to define the resistance of the 2D particles so that the same probability of breaking blocks may be reproduced as in a 3D material. The model uses the discrete element code PFC2D (Itasca Consulting Group Inc., PFC2D (Particle Flow Code in Two Dimensions), Version 3.0, 2002) and considers breakable clusters of 2D balls. The different parameters are determined from experimental data obtained from laboratory tests performed on rock blocks. The model is validated by comparing the results of the simulation of shearing tests with actual triaxial tests on rockfill material published in the literature. The numerical analysis of block crushing in an actual dam is proposed in the last part of this paper. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Eduardo M. Bretas José V. Lemos Paulo B. Lourenço 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(2):327-339
A numerical model for the hydromechanical analysis of masonry dams based on the discrete element method is presented. The dam and the rock foundation are represented as block assemblies, and a coupled flow-stress analysis is performed in an integrated manner for the entire system. Complex block shapes may be obtained by assembling elementary blocks into macroblocks, allowing the application of the model to situations ranging from equivalent continuum to fully discontinuum analysis. A contact formulation was developed based on an accurate edge–edge approach, incorporating mechanical and hydraulic behavior. The main numerical aspects are described, with an emphasis in the flow analysis explicit algorithm. An application to an existing masonry dam is presented, analyzing its present condition, with excessive seepage, and the proposed rehabilitation intervention. An evaluation of sliding failure mechanisms was also performed, showing the expected improvement in the safety of the structure. 相似文献
3.
基于极限分析上限法理论,运用体积力增量法,考虑单层滑动面极限分析模型的缺陷,建立考虑含结构面的多岩层错动的任意块体模型,利用岩块体在外荷载作用下达到极限破坏时,外荷载做的功与岩体消耗的功相等为基础建立等式方程,由此推导得到此类边坡稳定系数的计算公式。在分析典型边坡算例的基础上,对比离散元数值模拟结果,验证了该方法的可行性和适用性。对云南省普宣高速公路某顺层岩质边坡进行计算,其稳定系数接近离散元数值模拟结果,数值稍有偏大,边坡稳定。其研究结果为此类边坡稳定性评价提供了一种新的计算方法。 相似文献
4.
Simulation of the sliding process of Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using a distinct element method 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
In the village of Donghekou (in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, China), a major landslide was triggered by the Wenchuan
earthquake in 2008 with more than 10 × 106 m3 of rock displaced. The kinematic behavior of this landslide is simulated using a 2D discrete element model. The numerical
model used in this work is composed of discs bonded together. The initial boundary conditions are applied along the ball–wall
contacts by using an initial velocity estimated from the strong motion data. The constraints are mainly issued from the final
geometry of the landslide including its capacity to dam the river. The modeling thus indicates that a low friction coefficient
(about 0.1) is required to account for the actual landslide characteristics. The runout behaviors are analyzed and some useful
conclusions are drawn. 相似文献
5.
L.J. Lorig 《Computers and Geotechnics》1985,1(2):79-97
Analysis of reinforced excavations in jointed rock requires that the functions of reinforcement be considered explicitly. This can be achieved in a computational model by calculating, for each reinforcement element, the forces generated by displacements across the discontinuity through which the element passes. Simple force-displacement relations are exploited to describe both shear and axial behaviour of a reinforcement element. Large shear displacements are assumed to be accompanied by simple geometric changes in an element where it crosses a discontinuity. The resultant numerical representation based on this model has been incorporated in a distinct element scheme for the analysis of blocky media. Illustrative examples are presented which compare the performance of the numerical model with results from laboratory scale physical experiments. 相似文献
6.
在建的乌东德水电站区域构造运动强烈,断层、褶皱及节理较为发育,加之河谷纵横、沟谷深切,导致该区域岩体地应力分布极为复杂,非线性特征显著。为准确获取坝址区初始地应力场的分布特征,通过对地应力分布形式进行优化,提出了考虑地应力张量分布特征的岩体应力场二次反演方法。首先,将地应力张量分解成自重应力、构造应力及非线性应力3个部分,同时依据坝址区地形地貌、地质构造及非均匀性岩层等因素,构建FLAC3D计算模型,利用叠加法原理对坝址区初始地应力场进行一次反演。然后,主要考虑坝址区附近小规模构造及局部开挖条件的影响,构建三维离散元（3DEC）精细模型,同时从一次反演中提取精细模型的初始地应力侧压系数和自重修正系数,并利用均匀设计法进行优化,对精细模型进行二次反演。研究结果表明：一次反演计算获得的初始应力场整体上与实际情况吻合较好,但在局部构造附近与实测值相差较大;二次反演考虑局部地质构造及开挖条件的影响,同时结合一次反演的计算成果,各测点的应力计算值与实测值基本一致;通过将大型商业软件FLAC3D和3DEC相结合来反演复杂条件下工程区初始应力场,在一定程度上实现了岩体应力场在大范围内整体连续、小范围内受局部地质构造等影响导致不连续分布的特点。该研究方法可为类似工程提供借鉴。 相似文献
7.
A mixed finite element–boundary element solution for the analysis of two-dimensional flow in porous media composed of rock blocks and discrete fractures is described. The rock blocks are modelled implicitly by using boundary elements whereas finite elements are adopted to model the discrete fractures. The computational procedure has been implemented in a hybrid code which has been validated first by comparing the numerical results with the closed-form solution for flow in a porous aquifer intercepted by a vertical fracture only. Then, a more complex problem has been solved where a pervious, homogeneous and isotropic matrix containing a net of fractures is considered. The results obtained are shown to describe satisfactorily the main features of the flow problem under study. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
The dam area of the SUOXI hydropower project shows high terrain undulation and complex geological conditions, containing 6 faults and 7 weak inter-beds. A geometric model developed to represent the geology and engineering structures should incorporate the geological realities and should allow suitable mesh generation to perform numerical stress analysis. This is an important precondition to perform rock mass stability analysis of a dam foundation based on a numerical stress analysis software such as FLAC3D. Using the modeling tools available in FLAC3D, it is difficult to construct a complex geological model even after performing a large amount of plotting and data analyses. The 3-D geological modeling technique suggested in this paper, named as Sealed Geological Modeling (SGM), is a powerful tool for constructing complex geological models for rock engineering projects that require numerical stress analysis. Applying this technique, first, the geological interfaces are constructed for the dam area of SUOXI hydropower project using various interpolation procedures including geostatistical techniques. Then a unitary wire frame is constructed and the interfaces are connected seamlessly. As the next step, a block tracing technique is used to build a geological model that consists of 130 seamlessly connected blocks. Finally, based on the Advancing Front Technique (AFT), each block is discretized into tetrahedrons and a mesh is generated including 57,661 nodes and 215,471 tetrahedrons which is suitable to perform numerical stress analysis using FLAC3D. 相似文献
9.
Three-dimensional slope stability analysis of South Peak, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Marc-Andr�� Brideau Andrea Pedrazzini Doug Stead Corey Froese Michel Jaboyedoff David van Zeyl 《Landslides》2011,8(2):139-158
South Peak is a 7-Mm3 potentially unstable rock mass located adjacent to the 1903 Frank Slide on Turtle Mountain, Alberta. This paper presents
three-dimensional numerical rock slope stability models and compares them with a previous conceptual slope instability model
based on discontinuity surfaces identified using an airborne LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM). Rock mass conditions at
South Peak are described using the Geological Strength Index and point load tests, whilst the mean discontinuity set orientations
and characteristics are based on approximately 500 field measurements. A kinematic analysis was first conducted to evaluate
probable simple discontinuity-controlled failure modes. The potential for wedge failure was further assessed by considering
the orientation of wedge intersections over the airborne LiDAR DEM and through a limit equilibrium combination analysis. Block
theory was used to evaluate the finiteness and removability of blocks in the rock mass. Finally, the complex interaction between
discontinuity sets and the topography within South Peak was investigated through three-dimensional distinct element models
using the code 3DEC. The influence of individual discontinuity sets, scale effects, friction angle and the persistence along
the discontinuity surfaces on the slope stability conditions were all investigated using this code. 相似文献
10.
Composite Element Model of the Fully Grouted Rock Bolt 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
Summary The three dimensional elasto-viscoplastic composite element method is formulated in this paper for rock masses reinforced by a fully-grouted bolt. If a bolt segment penetrates a finite element representing the rock mass, then a composite element is formed including five sub-elements corresponding to the rock material, the grout material, the bolt material, the rock-grout interface and the bolt-grout interface. The displacements in each sub-element are interpolated from the corresponding nodal displacements of the composite element. By the virtual work principle the governing equation for the solution of the nodal displacements can be formulated. The elasto-viscoplastic characteristics of the materials are considered in the formulation. The new model can be incorporated into the conventional finite element analysis grid, in which several composite elements have fully grouted bolts embedded. In this way the mesh generation of large scale bolted rock structures becomes convenient and feasible. The model has been implemented in a FEM program, and a comparative study between the numerical analysis and a pull out field test has been carried out, from which the validity and the robustness of the new model are justified. 相似文献
11.
在对传统锚杆荷载传递机制分析的基础上,提出了一种考虑托板、锚杆与岩体相互作用的数值模拟方法：通过Kelvin基本解计算出锚杆集中力对围岩的影响,同时就锚杆自由段与相应岩体两端点的位移差相等建立位移方程,结合先前开发的3D-FSM数值模拟系统中的表面受力平衡方程进行联立求解,利用所得结果可以计算域内任意点的应力及位移变化,形成完整的预紧力端锚边界元数值模拟系统。通过与Flac3D系统模拟对比,验证了该系统的可靠性。为提高运算效率,对该系统进行基于OpenMP的多核并行化改进,给出了改进的基本思路和加速比对比图。由于边界元本身具有建模简单、计算区域大、计算精度高等优点,因此,这种模拟方法有很大的应用价值。 相似文献
12.
高拱坝坝肩岩体动力稳定性分析是高拱坝抗震研究的主要内容之一。从高拱坝的抗震设防标准及动力稳定安全判定准则、坝肩岩体的结构和动力特性、坝肩岩体动力稳定性分析的刚体极限平衡法、离散元法、刚体弹簧元法、拉格朗日不连续变形分析方法、数值流形方法、随机理论与方法等方面对高拱坝坝肩岩体动力稳定性分析的理论和方法进行系统的归纳和总结,并介绍了各方面的最新进展。可以看出,为满足高拱坝建设实践的需要,应对高拱坝坝肩岩体动力稳定性分析的理论和方法进行更深入的研究。 相似文献
13.
以龙塘山 2号大桥为工程背景 ,在综合考虑桥基岸坡的工程地质条件尤其是岩体结构的基础上 ,建立了数值分析模型 ,采用离散元法对该桥 10 #墩所处岸坡的破坏模式进行了模拟。模拟结果表明 :( 1)龙塘山 2号大桥 10 #墩所处岸坡基本稳定 ;( 2 )施工时 ,应对既有公路上方岸坡坡顶及坡面可能崩滑岩块进行预清除与加固 ;( 3)根据岸坡破坏趋势可得其稳定坡角为 5 0° 相似文献
14.
裂隙岩体热-水-应力（THM）耦合是目前研究的热点和难点。首先总结了裂隙岩体多场耦合的机制、模型、方法及研究内容,并通过分析裂隙对THM耦合的重要控制作用,提出了在THM耦合中考虑裂隙网络扩展演化及模拟的关键问题,同时指出了研究的3个关键点：（1）建立考虑裂隙网络演化的耦合模型;（2）裂隙扩展的数值模拟方法;（3）THM耦合及岩体变形、失稳全过程的数值模拟算法。随后通过对模拟多场耦合和裂隙扩展数值方法的归类比较,重点论述了目前适用于模拟多场耦合下裂隙扩展模拟的各种数值方法（包括有限单元法、无单元法、单位分解法、离散单元法、岩石破裂过程分析方法和数值流形方法）的优缺点,并通过对比研究,推荐采用数值流形方法（NMM）来实现对关键问题的模拟研究。最后,对研究思路和难点进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
15.
The failure process of brittle rock submitted to a compression state of stress with different confining pressures is investigated in this paper based on discrete element method (DEM) simulations. In the DEM model, the rock sample is represented by bonding rigid particles at their contact points. The numerical model is first calibrated by comparing the macroscopic response with the macroscopic response of Beishan granite obtained from laboratory tests. After the validation of numerical model in terms of macroscopic responses, the failure process of the DEM model under unconfined and confined compression is studied in micro‐scale in detail. The contact force network and its relation to the development of micro‐cracks and evolution of major fractures are studied. Confining pressure will prohibit the development of tensile cracks and hence alter the failure patterns. An in‐depth analysis of micro‐scale response is carried out, including the orientation distribution and probability density of stress acting on parallel bonds, the effect of particle size heterogeneity on bond breakage and the evolution of fabric tensor and coordination number of parallel bond. The proposed micromechanical analysis will allow us to extract innovative features emerged from the stresses and crack evolution in brittle rock failure process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
To understand and predict the in situ brittle rock mass damage process induced by a coupled thermo-mechanical loading, the knowledge of rock mass yielding strength, scaling relationship between laboratory and in situ and microstructure characterization is required. Difficulties have been recognized due to the seldom availability of in situ experiment and appropriate numerical methodologies. The Äspö Pillar Stability Experiment was used to monitor the evolution of rock mass damage in a pillar of rock separating two 1.75-m diameter vertical boreholes. The loading of the pillar was controlled using the in situ stresses, excavation geometry, and locally increasing the rock temperature. The induced loading resulted in a complex discontinuum process that involved fracture initiation, propagation, interaction and buckling, all dominated by a tensile mechanism. Tracking this damage process was carried out in two steps. Initially, a three-dimensional numerical model was used to generate the stresses from the excavation geometry and thermal loading. The plane strain stresses, at selected locations where detailed displacement monitoring was available, were then used to track the evolution of damage caused by these induced stresses. The grain-based discrete element modeling approach described in Lan et al. (2010), which captures the grain scale heterogeneity of the rock, was used to establish the extent of damage. Good agreement was found between the predicted and measured temperatures and displacements. The grain-based model provided new insights into the progressive failure process. 相似文献
17.
Summary Discontinuities or joints in the rock mass have various shapes and sizes. Along with the joint orientation and spacing, the
joint persistence, or the relative size of the joint, is one of the most important factors in determining the block sizes
of jointed rock masses. Although the importance of joint persistence on the overall rock mass strength has long been identified,
the impact of persistence on rock strength is in most current rock mass classification systems underrepresented. If joints
are assumed to be persistent, as is the case in most designs, the sizes of the rock blocks tend to be underestimated. This
can lead to more removable blocks than actually exist in-situ. In addition, a poor understanding of the rock bridge strength
may lead to lower rock mass strengths, and consequently, to excessive expenditure on rock support.
In this study, we suggest and verify a method for the determination of the block sizes considering joint persistence. The
idea emerges from a quantitative approach to apply the GSI system for rock mass classification, in which the accurate block
size is required. There is a need to statistically analyze how the distribution of rock bridges according to the combination
of joint orientation, spacing, and persistence will affect the actual size of each individual block. For this purpose, we
generate various combinations of joints with different geometric conditions by the orthogonal arrays using the distinct element
analysis tools of UDEC and 3DEC. Equivalent block sizes (areas in 2D and volumes in 3D) and their distributions are obtained
from the numerical simulation. Correlation analysis is then performed to relate the block sizes predicted by the empirical
equation to those obtained from the numerical model simulation. The results support the concept of equivalent block size proposed
by Cai et al. (2004, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41(1), 3–19). 相似文献
18.
坝址区复杂的地质条件与岩体力学环境变化,直接影响坝肩岩体抗滑稳定及拱坝的安全。我国西南乌东德超高拱坝坝址区工程地质条件极为复杂。坝体载荷后,区域内地层岩性、断层构造、岩溶系统、拱座内不连续裂隙等自然地质条件,成为影响坝肩岩体稳定性的主要因素。基于可研阶段地质勘探数据、二维地质剖面和工程设计数据,采用面向对象技术、多种软件协同作业,建立自然地质条件和工程对象的几何模型。构建适用于地应力反演分析,坝体载荷、工程开挖等因素影响下坝肩稳定性分析的三维精细有限元计算模型。该三维模型最大程度地模拟了工程岩体复杂结构,为高拱坝坝肩岩体稳定性综合分析提供良好的基础。计算结果表明:河谷两侧近地表地应力带及河床深部地应力区应力水平与实际量测值接近。坝肩槽开挖完成后,右岸拱肩槽800 m高程附近位移值最大达到12.9 mm。两岸9个可能滑动楔块在不同荷载组合条件下有一定差异,整体上左岸坝肩稳定性强于右岸。组合地震荷载作用下,所有楔块安全系数均大幅下降,但仍具有一定的安全裕度。 相似文献
19.
Breakage of particles will have greatly influence on mechanical behavior of granular material(GM)under external loads,such as ballast,rockfill and sand.The discrete element method(DEM)is one of the most popular methods for simulating GM as each particle is represented on its own.To study breakage mechanism of particle breakage,a cohesive contact mode is developed based on the GPU accelerated DEM code-Blaze-DEM.A database of the 3D geometry model of rock blocks is established based on the 3D scanning method.And an agglomerate describing the rock block with a series of non-overlapping spherical particles is used to build the DEM numerical model of a railway ballast sample,which is used to the DEM oedometric test to study the particles’breakage characteristics of the sample under external load.Furthermore,to obtain the meso-mechanical parameters used in DEM,a black-analysis method is used based on the laboratory tests of the rock sample.Based on the DEM numerical tests,the particle breakage process and mechanisms of the railway ballast are studied.All results show that the developed code can better used for large scale simulation of the particle breakage analysis of granular material. 相似文献
20.
CO2注入岩体的热-气-应力耦合二维弹塑性有限元分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前国内关于CO2地质埋存课题的研究已经起步,其中与岩石力学有关的工作急需加强。为此,考虑到向含气地层中注入CO2时岩石、气体和温度的相互作用,将CO2视为理想气体,使用Drucker-Prager屈服准则和‘无拉应力’判据,建立了一个热-气-应力耦合模型并研制了相应的二维有限元程序。假定了一个由下部注入层和上覆冠石层组成的CO2埋存地质系统,以此为数值模拟的对象,分析了CO2在不同的注入速率和注入时间条件下岩体的中的位移、应力、受拉与塑性破坏区的变化和分布情况,结果显示,为保证CO2注入岩体的稳定,应优择最佳的注入速率和注入时间。 相似文献