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1.
接触模型的宏?细观参数标定是成功使用离散元方法的关键。在离散元的接触模型中线性接触模型与抗转线性接触模型均可用于模拟砂性土的力学行为,其中抗转线性接触模型在模拟密砂的剪胀性方面具备优势。采用抗转线性接触模型对室内密实砂土三轴试验进行了离散元模拟,验证了抗转线性接触模型的可靠性;进而系统分析了颗粒间摩擦系数、刚度比和抗转动系数等细观参数与砂土峰值内摩擦角、残余内摩擦角、峰值剪胀角等宏观参数的相关关系并进行了验证;揭示了偏应力作用下,细观参数对密实砂土试样内部剪切带宽度与倾角变化的影响规律,提出了考虑剪胀角的剪切带倾角经验公式。通过研究建立了抗转线性接触模型宏?细观参数的量化关系并给出了标定参数的具体流程图,提出了快速标定宏观参数的方法并应用实例进行了验证,为采用抗转线性接触模型精准模拟密实砂土的力学特性提供依据。 相似文献
2.
颗粒材料大多由不规则形状的颗粒组成,如砂土、谷物等,抵抗转动是不规则形状颗粒的固有特性。已有研究表明,颗粒抗转动特性对其宏观力学特性有显著影响。因此,在颗粒材料的细观数值模拟中或采用非圆颗粒,或在圆颗粒离散元模拟中采用考虑抗转动的接触模型。采用有限元-离散元耦合方法（FDEM）和离散元方法（DEM）分别对椭球形状颗粒和具有抗转动能力的圆球颗粒进行三轴剪切数值模拟,指出了采用抗转动接触模型考虑颗粒形状影响的局限性,并基于颗粒的局部排布结构揭示了形状影响的细观来源。峰值内摩擦角和剪胀均随着转动摩擦系数和形状偏离圆球程度而单调增加,但颗粒形状对它们的影响呈现出明显的收敛趋势。细观组构分析也表明,虽然颗粒形状和转动摩擦都能显著增强组构各向异性,但是组构各向异性的演化模式有明显的区别。造成以上结果的差异在于其抵抗转动的影响机制不同。转动摩擦是通过限制颗粒转动,增强了颗粒间的稳定承载能力,而非圆颗粒是通过咬合作用形成稳定的局部排列结构。由于椭球颗粒腹部比端部能够传递更大的接触力,颗粒受剪切后发生转动,颗粒长轴倾向于正交大主应力方向,呈现交错排列,颗粒间相互锁定。 相似文献
3.
This paper explores how the discrete-element method (DEM) was found to play an increasingly important role in cone penetration test (CPT) where continuum-mechanics-based analysis tools are insufficient. We investigated several crucial features of CPT simulations in the two-dimensional DEM. First, the microparameters (stiffness and friction) of discrete material tailored to mimic clean, saturated sand, which is used in cone-penetration tests, were calibrated by curve-fitting drained triaxial tests. Then, three series of cone-penetration simulations were conducted to explore (1) top boundary conditions, (2) reasonable size of discrete particles at different initial porosities, and (3) limit initial porosity of the model for a balance between accurate representation and computational efficiency. Further, we compared the cone-penetration resistance obtained in the laboratory and numerical simulations for the range of relative densities. 相似文献
4.
A discrete element modelling of bonded granulates and investigation on the bond effect on their behaviour are very important to geomechanics. This paper presents a two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete element theory for bonded granulates with bond rolling resistance and provides a numerical investigation into the effect of bond rolling resistance on the yielding of bonded granulates. The model consists of mechanical contact models and equations governing the motion of bonded particles. The key point of the theory is that the assumption in the original bond contact model previously proposed by the authors (55th CSCE‐ASCE Conference, Hamilton, Ont., Canada, 2002; 313–320; J. Eng. Mech. (ASCE) 2005; 131 (11):1209–1213) that bonded particles are in contact at discrete points, is here replaced by a more reliable assumption that bonded particles are in contact over a width. By making the idealization that the bond contact width is continuously distributed with the normal/tangential basic elements (BE) (each BE is composed of spring, dashpot, bond, slider or divider), we establish a bond rolling contact model together with bond normal/tangential contact models, and also relate the governing equations to local equilibrium. Only one physical parameter β needs to be introduced in the theory in comparison to the original bond discrete element model. The model has been implemented into a 2‐D distinct element method code, NS2D. Using the NS2D, a total of 86 1‐D, constant stress ratio, and biaxial compressions tests have been carried out on the bonded granular samples of different densities, bonding strengths and rolling resistances. The numerical results show that: (i) the new theory predicts a larger internal friction angle, a larger yielding stress, more brittle behaviour and larger final broken contact ratio than the original bond model; (ii) the yielding stress increases nonlinearly with the increasing value of β, and (iii) the first‐yield curve (initiation of bond breakage), which define a zone of none bond breakage and which shape and size are affected by the material density, is amplified by the bond rolling resistance in analogous to that predicted by the original bond model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
The ability of discrete element models to describe quantitatively (and not only qualitatively) the constitutive behaviour of a dense sand is assessed in this paper. Two kinds of 3D discrete models are considered. Both consider spheres as elementary particles. Nevertheless, the first model implements a contact law with rolling resistance whereas the second takes into account clumps made of two spheres. The discrete models are calibrated and validated from mechanical tests performed on a dense Hostun sand with a true triaxial apparatus. The calibration is carried out from axisymmetric drained compression tests, while the validation is discussed from monotonic and cyclic stress proportional loading paths and from a circular stress path in the deviatoric stress plane. The quality of the predictions of the discrete models are evaluated by comparison with the predictions given with advanced phenomenological constitutive relations, mainly an incrementally non-linear relation. Predictions given by the discrete models are remarkable, particularly when it is put in perspective with respect to the very few number of mechanical tests required for their calibration. However, these results and conclusions were reached in enabling conditions, and some limitations of such discrete models should be kept in mind. 相似文献
6.
Macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of granular materials under proportional strain path: a DEM study 
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下载免费PDF全文 Under the proportional strain loading path, particle assemblies may exhibit various failure modes. Besides the strain localization, the diffuse failure may also occur under certain conditions. The diffuse failure mode corresponds to a homogeneous occurrence of failure with stress states strictly included within the plastic limit condition. This paper emphasizes the influences of the density degree and the rolling resistance under the strain path. A contact model considering rolling friction is adopted in a discrete element method analysis as an approximate means to account for the effects of particle shape. Mechanical responses indicate that loose assemblies without the rolling resistance are more vulnerable to static liquefaction. A sample with a smaller initial void ratio or larger rolling friction coefficient will reinforce the stability of the structure and reduce the likelihood of failure. For microscopic properties, the evolution of coordination numbers, contact forces, force chains and the anisotropies of the assemblies are explored and discussed. Rotational resistance helps increase the shear stress of the granular material, and the microscopic parameters indicate that the assembly has a strong anisotropy and a stable structure to resist the increasing loading. 相似文献
7.
Ye Weitao Fu Longlong Shan Yao Dai Ning Guo Peijun Zhou Shunhua Rackwitz Frank 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(8):3211-3227
The fundamental understanding of the behavior of granular materials by the effect of vibration is necessary to properly address a number of engineering issues, such as long-term settlement of high-speed railway, vibratory pile driving in sandy stratum, and earthquake-induced geotechnical disaster. Triaxial compression tests of dry Pingtan sand were carried out by a modified triaxial apparatus, where axial high-frequency vibration was super-imposed on the specimen at pre-peak, peak, and post-peak stress states during monotonic shearing. The influences of vibration conditions, confining pressure, and the initial relative density on the vibration-induced responses of Pingtan sand are mainly considered. It is shown that the super-imposed vibration leads to significant deviatoric stress reduction and vibro-induced additional axial strain. This owes to the fact that the static inter-particle friction turns to dynamic friction, and consequently, the frictional resistance has a considerable reduction when vibration is applied to the sand specimen. The vibration-induced stress–strain behavior of sand specimen is characterized into three states by two thresholds concerning vibration intensity and confining pressure: (1) stable state, (2) vibro-compression state and (3) vibro-instability state. For the vibro-compression state, the deviatoric stress reduction has a positive linear correlation with the increase in vibration intensity, while the vibro-induced additional axial strain follows a power-law increase with vibration intensity. Given a vibration condition, the deviatoric stress reductions and the vibro-induced additional axial strains at pre-peak, peak, and post-peak stress state follow a descending order. Besides, the influences of vibration on shear strength and critical state were also discussed.
相似文献8.
Noureddine Della Mostefa Belkhatir Ahmed Djafar Henni Jean Canou Jean Claude Dupla 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):2969-2980
In order to evaluate shear resistance characteristics of sand, which has previously experienced liquefaction, two series of drained and undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests on medium dense sand were carried out. In the first test series, the influence of the specimen preparation method and confining pressure has been studied. It was found that there was a marked difference in the behavior even though the density and stress conditions were identical. The conclusion was that the soil fabric was responsible for this result. In the second series of tests, the saturation influence on the shear resistance of the sand was examined. The results showed that the decrease in Skempton's pore pressure coefficient B improves the shear resistance and increases the friction angle of the sand. 相似文献
9.
砂土液化是导致重大地震灾害的主要原因之一。本研究探讨了天然纤维加筋砂土在循环荷载作用下的抗液化性能。在不排水条件下,对具有不同纤维含量的加筋砂土试样进行了一系列循环三轴试验,研究了饱和砂土的液化特性以及循环剪应变幅值、纤维含量对饱和砂土抗液化性能的影响。此外,通过模拟已完成的循环三轴试验,建立了二维有限元数值模型,并对具有不同纤维含量的加筋砂土进行了参数标定。研究结果表明:(1)增加循环剪应变幅值将促进超孔压累积,使得滞回曲线斜率和平均有效应力减小速度加快;(2)纤维的存在能够减缓超孔压的累积,随着纤维含量增加,加筋砂土抗液化能力得到明显提高;(3)标定后的本构模型参数能可靠地用于模拟纤维加筋砂土的液化响应。研究结果为饱和砂土抗液化问题与纤维加筋砂土的数值模拟提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
10.
采用室内静力模型试验研究了某种石英砂的加卸载和应力释放特性,对比了在砝码加卸载条件下圆筒玻璃容器和矩形铁箱容器中砂中不同位置处的应力变化,明确了砂的加卸载应力变化规律,并在此基础上提出了针对砂土的摩擦型散粒体材料的应力释放模型。研究表明：砂中应力在加载阶段呈线性增加;而在卸载初期时应力无变化或减小量远小于卸去荷载,卸载后期砂中应力先是慢慢释放,之后在某一级卸载时突然快速释放,有较明显的分界点。分析认为,砂中加卸载规律不同的主要原因在于砂中的内摩擦作用,当卸去的荷载“作用”大于砂中内摩擦阻力时,才会产生应力释放。应力释放与否和释放大小不仅与内摩擦阻力大小有关,还与卸载水平和卸载前的应力状态有关。 相似文献
11.
珊瑚砂是岛礁陆域吹填唯一的材料,因其特殊的海洋生物成因和孔隙结构特征,珊瑚砂颗粒在常规工程应力水平下就会发生破碎。通过对取自南海某吹填岛礁的珊瑚砂开展室内三轴固结排水剪切试验,研究珊瑚砂强度、变形参数和颗粒破碎程度随相对密实度、围压的演变规律,并与其他研究成果中的南海珊瑚砂强度参数进行对比分析。研究结果表明：珊瑚砂应变软化及剪胀特征随有效围压的增大、密实度的减小而逐渐减弱;在常规应力范围内,得到珊瑚砂峰值摩擦角和临界状态摩擦角的取值范围分别为33o～58o和28o～47o,且均随有效围压的增大而减小;建立了珊瑚砂割线模量E50与相对密实度、有效围压间的关系式;珊瑚砂峰值摩擦角与修正相对破碎指数Br*间的关系可用指数为负数的幂函数关系式拟合,且当颗粒破碎程度较高时,峰值摩擦角随修正相对破碎指数的增大而减小的趋势变缓;珊瑚砂修正相对破碎指数随塑性功的增大近似以双曲线的形式增长,密实度对两者间的关系影响不大。该研究成果可为南海岛礁基础设施的安全设计提供参考。 相似文献
12.
通过一系列真三轴离散元数值试验,模拟了不同应力路径下的等b试验中散体材料的强度特征。根据模拟结果详细地分析了三维应力条件下中主应力和应力路径对散体材料峰值强度的影响,研究了峰值摩擦角、峰值应力比的变化规律,并根据真应力的概念和组构张量的演化结果分析了散体材料的强度成因。研究表明,在不同类型的数值试验中峰值偏应力随b参数的变化规律不同,但采用初始围压归一化后的应力-应变曲线规律一致。峰值强度线的斜率只与b值有关而与应力路径无关,且随着b值的增加,峰值应力比qf /pf逐渐减小,数值模拟结果与室内试验结果吻合较好;随着应变的发展,数值试样的组构也随之发生变化,产生了明显的应力诱发各向异性;散体的强度为颗粒摩擦及材料各向异性共同作用的结果;理论上,组构比-应力比坐标系中破坏点位置仅取决于颗粒摩擦角 ,而数值模拟结果与理论值的差异源于颗粒间咬合和滚动摩擦的影响,其影响与颗粒表面摩擦系数有关,也受空间应力状态的影响。 相似文献
13.
转动阻抗被定义为作用颗粒接触上的一对对称力偶,用来抵抗颗粒之间的相互转动。将转动阻抗引入到离散元模拟中是对传统离散单元法的重要改进。开发出考虑颗粒转动阻抗的接触模型,并将其嵌入到PFC2D中,利用该模型进行粗粒土的双轴剪切数值模型试验,研究剪切过程中转动阻抗对粗粒土的宏细观力学性质的影响。结果显示,在宏观方面,颗粒转动阻抗对粗粒土的宏观力学行为（应力-应变及体应变-轴应变行为）有重要的影响,随着转动阻抗的增加,粗粒土的剪切强度和最大摩擦角随之增加,这与已有的研究结果一致,证明所建模型是可靠的;在微观方面,考察转动阻抗对粗粒土内部微观结构的影响发现,随着转动阻抗的增加,粗粒土的内部的接触数目减少,而粗粒土的剪切强度增加,表明转动阻抗能够提高粗粒土力链网络的稳定性,同时发现随着转动阻抗的增加,粗粒土的各向异性增加主要是强力链各向异性的增加,说明转动阻抗增强了强力链的传递力的能力以及抵抗力链屈曲破坏能力。数值模拟结果表明,增加颗粒转动阻抗,粗粒土出现组构与轴应变非共轴的现象。 相似文献
14.
从细观角度出发,研究各细观参数对黄土三轴试验宏观力学响应的影响,基于三维离散元PFC3D软件及理论,结合室内三轴试验结果确定数值模拟基本细观参数取值范围,在50 kPa、100 kPa、150 kPa、200 kPa围压下对三轴试样进行颗粒流模拟,通过改变各细观参数值对黄土数值试样宏观力学行为影响程度及正交试验设计的方式,开展黄土三轴数值模拟过程中摩擦系数、孔隙率、颗粒刚度比kn/ks、颗粒粒径分布的敏感性分析,建立土体细观参数与宏观力学的关系式。结果表明:不同围压下数值试样峰值强度和剩余强度均与摩擦系数正相关,与颗粒刚度比、孔隙率负相关,而颗粒粒径分布的变化对其影响均小于2%。低围压下(50 kPa),孔隙率对数值试样峰值抗剪强度和剩余强度影响最大,颗粒刚度比次之,高围压下(200 kPa),摩擦系数对数值试样强度的影响比颗粒刚度比更为显著;对数值试样的初始线弹性模量和应变软化特性影响最大的细观参数为孔隙率,刚度比次之,颗粒粒径分布最小,200 kPa围压下正交试验分析结果与数值分析结果一致。通过改变细观参数取值范围的方式系统地分析了其对黄土三轴试验宏观力学性能的影响,为今后离散元软件用于黄土室内试验研究提供了参考。 相似文献
15.
Rajni Saggu 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2015,10(1):10-29
The present work investigates the behaviour of geothermal energy piles in sand subjected to thermal loading and the resulting soil-structure interaction, numerically using the finite element software Abaqus and user-defined material subroutines for soil. The stress-strain response of sand has been simulated using CASM constitutive model based on critical-state soil mechanics. Detailed parametric sensitivity studies have been carried out to understand the effects of different end conditions of the pile, relative densities of the soil, coefficients of lateral earth pressure of the ground, lengths and diameters of the pile, thermal loads, coefficients of friction at the pile-soil interface, critical-state friction angles of soil, thermal conductivity of soil, specific heat of soil and thermal conductivity of the pile on the stress response of soil, deformation of the pile and soil, and strains in the pile. The results show that negative shear stress is generated in the soil at the pile-soil interface. In the pile with both ends restrained the lateral earth pressure coefficient in soil increases due to high radial strain generation. Moreover, the lateral earth pressure coefficient in soil increases with the increase in the thermal load, the coefficient of friction at the pile-soil interface and the critical-state friction angle of the soil. 相似文献
16.
Peijun Guo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(4):353-373
By taking into account the continuity of stresses and pore pressure across the boundaries of a shear band, it is theoretically shown that incipient localization may take place in saturated loose contractive sand in the regime of decreasing deviator stress under undrained conditions. The undrained shear band orientation primarily depends on the Poisson's ratio and the dilatancy characteristics of the material. However, under strict isochoric constraint, localization is precluded in dense dilative sand with deviator stress increasing only. If any local volume change takes place with a certain mechanism, undrained shear band would be possible in dense sand, most likely in the regime of decreasing friction angle after the peak friction angle is mobilized. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the variation of shear band inclinations with void ratios and initial consolidation pressures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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卵砾石地层被掘削时,其主要破坏模式并非一般的宏观整体剪切破坏,而是刀具切入卵砾石间的缝隙,将卵砾石颗粒剥离出原始地层,该过程较为契合颗粒离散元的物理力学假设。为确定掘削工况下的颗粒材料最优细观参数,对不同的颗粒接触法向刚度、接触刚度比、粒间摩擦系数、颗粒形状、颗粒尺寸等的颗粒材料开展了截割三维仿真试验,并分析研究了不同细观参数对掘削效果的影响。计算结果显示：颗粒接触法向刚度、接触刚度比的多种细观参数组合可以对应同一个宏观弹性模量值,接触刚度比大的细观参数组合的抗掘削能力更大。颗粒形状、粒间摩擦系数的多种细观参数组合可以对应同一个内摩擦角值,形状复杂的颗粒材料具有更大的抗掘削能力。在宏观参数相同的情况下,平均粒径更大的颗粒材料抗掘削能力更大。因此,利用颗粒离散元模拟掘削卵砾石地层问题时,除需保证虚拟颗粒材料的宏观整体剪切破坏响应与真实材料基本一致外,还需根据材料的抗掘削能力进一步标定细观参数,以获得更贴近实际情况的模拟效果。文章提出的方法可以为其他颗粒离散元掘削工况数值模拟中的参数标定提供参照依据。 相似文献
19.
Salim Pourmand Hamid Chakeri Mohammad Sharghi Yilmaz Ozcelik 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(5):2869-2879
Due to the diverse and complex structure of soil and the variety of foam-modifier materials that are used, it is difficult to provide a model to predict the laboratory behavior of modified soils. For example, several studies have shown independently that the amount of the foam-modified soil depends on several factors, such as the internal friction angle and normal stiffness. Of late, modeling by numerical methods has become popular in engineering sciences and the modeling of complex material behavior is possible with the help of numerical methods. In this research, the performance and efficiency of the numerical method in the modeling of laboratory tests such as the slump test and the uniaxial compressive strength test were investigated and it was found that numerical modeling performs very well in predicting the results of these tests for foam-modified sand samples. In order to achieve this goal, the slump test and the uniaxial compressive strength test were performed in the laboratory on several modified sand samples in order to obtain the laboratory results for these samples. Then, numerical simulation of these experiments was carried out using PFC3D software. The results of numerical modeling were compared with the experimental results, and good agreement was observed. Finally, after calibration of the numerical model using the experimental results, the effect of changes in the internal friction angle and the normal stiffness of the modified sand in the amount of the slump was investigated. According to the results of this sensitivity analysis, it was determined that by increasing both effective parameters the amount of the slump of foam-modified sand decreases and that the parameters are the most important factors in controlling the slump value. 相似文献