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1.
注浆改造是华北型煤田下组煤开采的有效防治水技术之一。但是目前该项技术只能解决浅部上组煤问题,随着采深的增大,注浆改造煤层底板薄层灰岩含水层已不能满足安全开采条件。以东庞矿下组9号煤开采为例,分析了奥陶纪峰峰组岩溶含水层富水特征,研究了对奥陶系顶部进行注浆改造的可行性和相关技术问题,得出,对东庞矿奥灰上部进行注浆改造在技术上是可行的,合理的注浆改造厚度为40 m。试验性注浆结果表明,钻孔涌水平均堵水率达到74%,注浆效果良好,并提出了下一步防治水工作建议。 相似文献
2.
Paleocollapse structure as a passageway for groundwater flow and contaminant transport 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wan Fang Zhou 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(4):251-257
Paleocollapse structure is a rock collapse, resulting from the failure in the geological history of the bedrock overlying
karstified limestone. Depending on the present hydrogeological conditions within the area of paleocollapse and the internal
properties of these structures, they can provide a means to facilitate groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Inactive
paleocollapse structures can be reactivated by human activities such as dam construction, mining underground minerals, pumping
groundwater, and development of landfills. They can also be reactivated by natural events such as earthquakes and neotectonic
movements. In the mines of northern China, sudden inflow of karst water from Ordovician limestone into drifts and mining stopes
through paleocollapse structures has caused significant economic loss. Water pumping tests and accompanied dye traces are
effective approaches of locating water-conducting paleocollapse structures. Grouting is probably the best means of preventing
them from becoming geohazards.
Received: 26 November 1996 · Accepted: 17 June 1997 相似文献
3.
Coalfields in North China contain six to seven coal seams in the Permo-Carboniferous strata. The coal seams are underlain by the Ordovician limestone. Large-scale dewatering or depressurizing of the karst aquifer was considered essential to avoid water inrushes and keep the mines safely operational. This practice, however, has caused water supply shortage in the mining areas. The most effective solution to this conflict is to use the uncontaminated karst water from the mines for water supply. This paper explores a management model to maximize the utilization of the karst water while maintaining the safe operation of the mines. The model can provide essential information on water resource distribution for decision makers. The model was applied to the Dongshan Coal Mine in Taiyuan City, China. 相似文献
4.
Coalfields in North China encompassing more than ten Provinces contain six to seven coal seams in the Permo-Carboniferous strata. The lower three seams, accounting for 37% of the total reserves, are threatened with karst water from the underlain Ordovician limestone. Hundreds of water inrush incidences have occurred in which a large amount of water suddenly flows into tunnels or working faces under high potentiometric pressure and over 30 mines have been flooded over the last 20 years. Large-scale dewatering or depressurizing of the karst aquifer was considered essential to avoid water inrushes and keep the mines safely operational. This practice has caused sinkholes, dry springs, water supply shortage, and groundwater contamination in the surrounding areas, which is environmentally not permitted. One of the alternative water control measures is to make full use of the rock layer between the coal seam and the karst aquifer as a geological barrier. Similar to the application in the nuclear industry where a geological barrier is used to contain radioactive wastes, the barrier of this application is considered a hydraulic barrier as well with the objective to prevent or constrain water flow from the underlying aquifer into mines. Its effectiveness to constrain water flow is described by a parameter referred to as hydrofracturing pressure (Phf). When the water pressure in the underlying aquifer exceeds Phf, a wedging effect takes place within the fractures of the geological barrier and, as a result, water inrush occurs. In-situ hydrofracturing tests were used to determine Phf in bauxite and silty sandstone at tunnels. The Phf in the silty sandstone is larger than that in the bauxite but they both vary with depth (distance from the bottom of the tunnel). Based on the test results, a new safety criterion for water inrush was derived for mines and it has been successfully applied to mining practices with the minimum effort of dewatering in the karst aquifer. The same criterion can also be applied to tunneling and quarrying in areas with similar geological conditions. 相似文献
5.
The mining depth of main coal mines could reach around 600 m in eastern North China, and extends to the dept with speed of around 12 m/a. As the basement of eastern North China-type coal mine, the Ordovician karst aquifer is the main water source that influences the carboniferous coal seam mining. As the deep karst water has large buried depth and high water pressure (8–12 MPa), with10–30 m space between high pressure aquifer and coal seam, the geological area of deep coal occurrence is often forbidden for mining. Environmental damage, to a greater or lesser degree, is caused by coal mining. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions of mining areas, this paper introduces the hydrogeological survey work of ultra-high confined karst water deep in the coal seam floor within researched region for preventing and controlling water disaster of the mine. After researching into the hydrogeological investigation data in the researched region, we explored the hydrodynamic and water chemical characteristics of deep karst water by using pumping test, dynamic observation, and dewatering test. Finally, this study suggests that the hydraulic pressure of deep mining could be mined, on the circumstances that reasonable and effective of water prevention measures are taken based on a detailed survey on water abundance of deep karst. 相似文献
6.
Shen Qu Guangcai Wang Zheming Shi Qingyu Xu Yuying Guo Luan Ma Yizhi Sheng 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1443-1453
With depleted coal resources or deteriorating mining geological conditions, some coal mines have been abandoned in the Fengfeng mining district, China. Water that accumulates in an abandoned underground mine (goaf water) may be a hazard to neighboring mines and impact the groundwater environment. Groundwater samples at three abandoned mines (Yi, Er and Quantou mines) in the Fengfeng mining district and the underlying Ordovician limestone aquifer were collected to characterize their chemical and isotopic compositions and identify the sources of the mine water. The water was HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg type in Er mine and the auxiliary shaft of Yi mine, and HCO3·SO4-Na type in the main shaft of Quantou mine. The isotopic compositions (δD and δ18O) of water in the three abandoned mines were close to that of Ordovician limestone groundwater. Faults in the abandoned mines were developmental, possibly facilitating inflows of groundwater from the underlying Ordovician limestone aquifers into the coal mines. Although the Sr2+ concentrations differed considerably, the ratios of Sr2+/Ca2+ and 87Sr/86Sr and the 34S content of SO42? were similar for all three mine waters and Ordovician limestone groundwater, indicating that a close hydraulic connection may exist. Geochemical and isotopic indicators suggest that (1) the mine waters may originate mainly from the Ordovician limestone groundwater inflows, and (2) the upward hydraulic gradient in the limestone aquifer may prevent its contamination by the overlying abandoned mine water. The results of this study could be useful for water resources management in this area and other similar mining areas. 相似文献
7.
The impact of mining subsidence on the environment can occasionally be very catastrophic, destroying property and even leading
to the loss of life. Usually, however, such subsidence gives rise to varying degrees of structural damage that can range from
slight to very severe. Different types of mineral deposits have been mined in different ways and this determines the nature
of the associated subsidence. Some mining methods result in contemporaneous subsidence whereas, with others, subsidence may
occur long after the mine workings have been abandoned. In the latter instance, it is more or less impossible to predict the
effects or timing of subsidence. A number of different mineral deposits have been chosen to illustrate the different types
of associated subsidence that result and the problems that arise. The examples provided are gold mining in the Johannesburg
area; bord and pillar mining of coal in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa; longwall mining of coal in the Ruhr district;
mining of chalk and limestone in Suffolk and the West Midlands, respectively; and solution mining of salt in Cheshire. These
mineral deposits have often been worked for more than 100 years and, therefore, a major problem results from abandoned mines,
especially those at shallow depth, the presence of which is unrecorded. Abandoned mines at shallow depth can represent a serious
problem in areas that are being developed or redeveloped. Abstraction of natural brine has given rise to subsidence with its
own particular problems and cannot be predicted. Although such abstraction is now inconsequential in Cheshire, dereliction
associated with past subsidence still remains.
Received: 21 October 1999 · Accepted: 14 February 2000 相似文献
8.
The formation of sinkholes in karst mining areas in China and some methods of prevention 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zhou Wanfang 《Environmental Geology》1997,31(1-2):50-58
Mining of coal, lead and zinc, gold, and iron ore deposits in karst areas has been closely associated with sinkholes in China.
Surface collapse causes an increase in mine water drainage and the possibility of major water inflow from karst aquifers,
which threatens the environment in mining areas and endangers mine safety. The origin of such sinkholes is analyzed quantitatively
in this paper and a combination of factors including soil weight, buoyancy, suffosion process and vacuum suction can contribute
to surface subsidence. The key measures to prevent sinkholes in mining areas are to control the amount of mine drainage, reduce
water-level fluctuation, seal off karst conduits and subsurface cavities in the overlying soil, prevent water inflow, and
to increase gas pressure in the karst conduits.
Received: 2 May 1996 · Accepted: 29 July 1996 相似文献
9.
广佛肇地区岩溶塌陷易发性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广州、佛山和肇庆市(广佛肇地区)作为经济发达地区,岩溶塌陷时有发生,给当地人民群众和经济发展带来较大威胁。依托区域地质调查成果,根据岩溶地质条件情况,选择岩溶塌陷分布特征、岩溶发育条件、覆盖层特征、地质构造、水文地质条件和土地利用类型6个因素,系统研究各个因素对岩溶塌陷形成的作用和各个因素之间的权重关系。在此基础上,运用地理信息系统技术和多元统计方法(层次分析法),建立岩溶塌陷发育的多因素判别模型,进而对广佛肇地区划分出高、中等和低易发区域,并根据岩溶塌陷易发区划,编制广佛肇地区重大基础设施岩溶塌陷易发区划应用图集,统计出重大基础设施所在易发区范围。 相似文献
10.
A组煤(1煤)是矿井延伸开采的主要煤层,受底板承压岩溶水威胁。随着开采深度的增加,A组煤层底板灰岩突水几率也随之逐渐增大。采集谢桥矿A组煤层底板石炭系太原组石灰岩样品及对应层位的太灰水样品,并对不同层石灰岩样品进行显微镜下、X射线衍射(XRD)以及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析,对水样进行常规离子组分的测试分析,探讨了A组煤石灰岩矿物组成、化学组分及离子含量之间的关系。研究结果表明:太原组C2Ⅰ层和C2Ⅲ层石灰岩孔隙发育,溶蚀能力强,为含水层;C2Ⅱ层石灰岩裂隙不发育,岩溶不发育,为相对隔水层;太灰水中Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+含量主要与石灰岩组成、pH值以及阳离子交换作用有关;Cl-含量与沉积水体盐度相一致。将岩石的矿物学特征与地下水化学组成同时进行研究对A组煤开采可行性分析具有重要现实意义。 相似文献
11.
Impact of karst water on coal mining in North China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coalfields in North China encompass more than ten Provinces. They contain six to seven coal seams in the Permo-Carboniferous
strata. The lower three seams account for 37% of the total reserves and are threatened with intrusion of karst water from
the underlying Ordovician limestone. Hundreds of water inrush incidences have occurred, in which a large amount of water suddenly
flows into tunnels or working faces under high potentiometric pressure. Over 50 mines have been flooded over the last 30 years.
Large-scale dewatering or depressurizing of the karst aquifer was considered essential to avoid water inrushes and keep the
mines safely operational. This practice, however, has caused sinkholes, dry springs, water supply shortage, and groundwater
contamination in the surrounding areas. One alternative water control measure is to make full use of the rock layer between
the coal seam and the karst aquifer as a protective barrier to prevent or constrain water flow from the underlying aquifer
into the mines. Grouting is effective when the hydrogeological conditions are favorable to this technique. Proper design of
the grouting program and experience of the contractor are also important for a successful application. 相似文献
12.
Dan Huang Zaibin Liu Wenke Wang Shenghui Nan Li Chen Yaoquan Gao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(22):761
Water inrush from Ordovician karst aquifer in North China coal mine has become a key issue on underground coal mining. To address this problem, it is necessary to identify fault zones, because fault zones might connect limestone aquifers and coal seams, enabling Ordovician karst water to enter the mine. In the study area, a series of parallel directional holes were drilled along Ordovician limestone at depths between 70 and 90 m under Ordovician limestone boundary. To conveniently detect fault zones and govern mine water disasters, a series of natural gamma-ray logging while drilling (GRLWD) were undertaken. The entire detecting region can be comprehensively covered by several directional borehole groups. Then, fast Fourier transform and short-time Fourier transform approaches were employed on the basis of GRLWD data and geological data to extract faults information. A segmented identification method for deep fault zones was established in this study. This method can be used to markedly improve the identification of fault zones within Ordovician limestone or the unitary lithology formation and provide crucial information relevant for deep coal mining safety. 相似文献
13.
华北东部深部岩溶及煤矿岩溶水害特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对我国华北东部煤矿井开采深度迅速增加,矿井岩溶水害日益加重的客观问题,文章分析讨论了深矿井开采的基本概念,通过统计分析,得出中国东部主要煤矿井目前开采深度达到600 m左右且以12 m/a左右的速度向深部延伸的变化趋势。从华北东部地区沉积古地理环境与地壳运动演化史方面分析了该地区厚层奥陶纪灰岩的形成及其后期岩溶发育过程。通过对研究区几个重点矿区揭露的奥陶系灰岩岩溶发育特征在穿层和顺层方向上随深度变化规律的分析,揭示出华北东部主要煤矿区奥陶系灰岩岩溶发育特征在垂向上具有弱-强-弱和顺层方向上随埋深具有由强到弱的变化规律。提出了华北东部煤矿深部开采将面临的岩溶水害问题及其防治水技术思路。 相似文献
14.
基于地下水流场数值模型的矿井突水量预算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿井发生特大突水后,第一时间掌握突水水源,并预测突水量的大小,可以为制定水害治理方案提供有力支持。利用前期通过放水试验获取的水文地质参数及建立的井田奥陶系灰岩含水层数值模型,对峰峰矿区九龙煤矿的突水水源及突水量进行了分析计算。结果发现：突水初期与突水点相距2 350m的奥灰观测孔的水位下降趋势与前期奥灰放水试验的基本一致,因此,判断突水水源为煤系地层基底奥陶系灰岩含水层水。实测瞬时突水量为2 778m3/h;利用比拟法得到的Q-S方程预算突水量为2 879m3/h;通过数值模型预算的突水稳定涌水量为2 280m3/h,三者相差不大,以此说明数值模拟在矿井突水量预算中具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
15.
Wenping Mu Qiang Wu Yuan Xing Cheng Qian Yang Wang Yuanze Du 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(5):215
Water inrush from a karst aquifer threatens mine safety in North China because of the special hydrogeological conditions. This paper systematically analyzes the regional hydrogeological conditions of the Cambrian–Ordovician limestone karst aquifer in the Yuxian Basin. Conceptual and mathematical models of karst water flow system are established, and the karst water flow system is simulated by the finite-difference method. The numerical model is checked using hydraulic head from karst water observation holes, and the sensitivity of hydrogeological parameters is analyzed. Further, the risk of water inrush from the karst aquifer underlying the coal seam in the second mining area of the Beiyangzhuang Mine in the basin is evaluated by the water inrush coefficient method. Based on the critical hydraulic head for mining safety, the rate of mine dewatering is simulated for the three stages of the mining plan with the numerical model. The results show that the risk of water inrush in the second mining area is high. The rate of dewatering in the three stages without grouting is 1300, 1860, and 2050 m3/h, respectively, and with local grouting is 1020, 1550, and 1700 m3/h, respectively. Dewatering combined with grouting not only ensures coal mine safety, but also significantly reduces the rate of dewatering. The prediction method of mine dewatering has practical significance in engineering applications. 相似文献
16.
回顾了带压开采的传承与创新发展历程。阐述带压开采的概念及充要条件,以带压开采的内涵为基础,定义侵蚀基准面为浅部和深部带压开采的分界线（面）,明确承压水上采煤为带压开采,而含水层“下”采煤不属于带压开采范畴,纠正《煤矿安全规程》中有关“顶、底板带压”的不妥表述。梳理了直接为带压开采服务的理论和技术,探（探查）、治（防治）、保（保障）3项技术,机理（致灾机理）、评价（危险性评价）、预测（灾变预测）3项理论,即构成带压开采理论技术体系;华北煤田奥陶系岩溶随深度增加发育减弱,由此推断,空间上深部岩溶径流带多形成在古岩溶系统中,而现代岩溶径流带则发育于现代岩溶中。深部隔水层损伤裂隙增多,为采后承压水导升奠定物质基础。总结对比了浅部和深部底板岩溶水害特征,阐明深部奥陶纪灰岩（简称奥灰）水突水机理,沿裂隙渗透、扩容、压裂,薄层灰岩中转,不断向上导升,形成大面积散流突水。从理论上说明突水系数已不适用隔水层厚度超出80 m的情形,提出厚、巨厚隔水层带压开采评价方法:p0 > 3σ3-σ1-pp+sT;依据隔水层厚度、底板破坏带、奥灰导升带、突水系数等因素将底板类型划分为5类隔水层,提出相应5级带压开采条件以及5种治理模式;针对深部带压开采复杂条件,倡导应用“全时空”水害综合防治思想理念及技术。面向未来,地质体+水流的本构模型仍是学术界需攻克的最大难题,现实的“卡脖子”难题,如深部岩溶发育规律、精细探查技术、水害机理及评价预测、综合治理技术等,是实现安全带压开采的关键。 相似文献
17.
煤炭开采后峰峰矿区奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐演化过程研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
文章运用水化学和同位素水文学等手段,寻求奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐演化过程的“指纹”,通过不同含水层间水化学、稳定同位素差异的比对,分析其与上覆含水层间的水力联系和硫动力分馏过程,阐述采矿活动影响下峰峰矿区奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐的演化过程。研究结果表明:煤矿开采后,峰峰矿区奥陶系岩溶水硫酸盐含量普遍增高,演化特征呈现多样性,存在多种硫动力分馏过程。分馏动力主要来自矿坑水和孔隙水通过导水裂隙的渗漏（越流）补给,以及脱白云石化过程中自身蒸发岩矿物（石膏）的溶解。 相似文献
18.
搞清奥灰岩地层裂隙发育带的裂隙分布,进行岩溶水流体预测,对于建矿寻找水源及采煤防水是至关重要的。本文利用振幅保真处理,获得连续性比较好的奥灰岩地层顶界面反射波同相轴,根据Ｂｉｏｔ理论的基本观点,结合地下流体力学理论,利用奥灰岩地层地震资料的振幅、反射系数及层速度等信息,提取奥灰岩地层流体密度等物性参数及流体参数。从而预测奥灰岩溶水的分布范围,为水文钻探找水提供依据。本文利用山西潞安及山东许厂等地区的地震资料,预测了奥灰岩含水地层的流体分布,取得良好的地质效果。 相似文献
19.
Effects of historical mining activities on surface water and groundwater - an example from northwest Arizona 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
Ulrike Rösner 《Environmental Geology》1998,33(4):224-230
The focus of this research was to determine the impact of abandoned mines on surface water and groundwater in the historical
mining districts of the Cerbat Mountains, Arizona. The surface water in the mining areas was found to be contaminated by various
combinations and concentrations of heavy metals. Elevated arsenic, cadmium, and iron concentrations were detected in most
surface-water samples, while lead, copper, and zinc contamination differed from region to region, depending on the ore mined.
The groundwater was seriously polluted by arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc, iron, and manganese in the immediate vicinity of mines
that processed ore on the site, such as the Tennessee Mine near Chloride. Chloride's groundwater, however, showed no evidence
of contamination. Three possible explanations are discussed: immobilization of the heavy metals in the soil by chemical reactions
and adsorption, dilution effects due to the rainy season in spring, or the existence of different groundwater systems.
Received: 17 September 1996 · Accepted: 14 May 1997 相似文献
20.
利用NetpathXL 2．14对皖北矿区典型煤矿（朔里矿、张庄矿、杨庄矿和刘二矿）太灰水的地球化学特征进行了模拟。并结合与区域构造有关的地貌特征和水文地质条件对该区深层地下水径流规律、控制因素、地下水子系统划分及煤矿开采过程对深层地下水的影响进行了讨论。模拟结果表明：皖北矿区太灰水径流受不同的地下水子系统控制．其中朔里矿-张庄矿-杨庄矿与刘二矿处于不同的水文地质单元．朔里矿-张庄矿-杨庄矿太灰水径流主要与区内北高南低的地形有关自北东向南西流动的;朔里矿-张庄矿段太灰水的补给和排泄可能受到了矿井人工排泄的影响,但太灰水主体径流方向并未明显改变;对张庄矿-杨庄矿段而言,需要着重考虑区内太灰水的补给和排泄情况。以防止相关突水事故的发生。 相似文献