共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 541 毫秒
1.
Bioreactor landfills are operated for rapid stabilization of waste, increased landfill gas generation for cost-effective energy
recovery, gain in landfill space, enhanced leachate treatment, and reduced post closure maintenance period. The fundamental
process of waste stabilization in bioreactor landfill is recirculation of generated leachate back into the landfills. This
creates a favorable environment for rapid microbial decomposition of the biodegradable solid waste. In order to better estimate
the generated leachate and design of leachate recirculation system, clear understanding of the permeability of the Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW) with degradation and the factors influencing the permeability is necessary. The objective of the paper is
to determine the changes in hydraulic properties of MSW in bioreactor landfill with time and decomposition. Four small-scale
bioreactor landfills were built in laboratory and samples were prepared to represent each phase of decomposition. Then, the
changes in hydraulic properties of MSW in bioreactor landfill with time and decomposition were determined. A series of constant
head permeability tests were performed on the samples generated in laboratory scale bioreactor landfills to determine variation
of permeability of MSW with degradation. The test results indicated that the permeability of MSW in bioreactor landfills decreases
with decomposition. Based on the test results, the permeability of MSW at the first phase of degradation was estimated as
0.0088 cm/s at density 700 kg/m3. However, with degradation, permeability decreased to 0.0013 cm/s at the same density, for MSW at Phase IV. 相似文献
2.
Bioreactor landfills are operated to enhance refuse decomposition, gas production, and waste stabilization. The major aspect
of bioreactor landfill operation is the recirculation of collected leachate back through the refuse mass. Due to the presence
of additional leachate and accelerated decomposition, the characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in bioreactor landfills
are expected to change. About 50% of the continental United States comes under the designated seismic impact zone. The federal
regulations have focused increase attention on seismic design of solid waste fills, and have mandated that the solid waste
landfills located in the seismic impact zones should be designed to resist the earthquake. Accordingly, assessment of dynamic
properties of landfills is one of the major geotechnical tasks in landfill engineering. In order to understand the changes
in dynamic properties of bioreactor waste mass with time and decomposition, four small scale bioreactor landfills were simulated
in laboratory and samples were prepared to represent each phase of decomposition. The state of decomposition was quantified
by methane yield, pH, and volatile organic content (VOC). A number of Resonant Column (RC) tests were performed to evaluate
the dynamic properties (stiffness and damping) of MSW. The test results indicated that the normalized shear modulus reduction
and damping curves are significantly affected by the degree of decomposition. The shear modulus increased from 2.11 MPa in
Phase I to 12.56 MPa in Phase IV. The increase was attributed to the breakdown of fibrous nature of solid waste particles
as it degrades. Therefore, considering MSW properties to be uniform throughout the bioreactor landfill is not a reasonable
assumption and the shear modulus reduction curves should be evaluated based on the degree of MSW decomposition, rather than
the sample composition itself. 相似文献
3.
Rajiv K. Giri 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2015,10(2):126-138
In bioreactor landfills, different configurations of closely spaced horizontal trench (HT) systems are often considered as leachate recirculation systems to achieve uniform and rapid distribution of moisture in municipal solid waste (MSW). In this study, a numerical two-phase flow modelling was adopted to study the effects of geometric configuration of HT systems on the moisture distribution in MSW, and the stability of a simplified bioreactor landfill slope during continuous and intermittent leachate recirculation. Transient variations in pore water and capillary pressures in MSW were assessed, and slope stability analyses were performed using strength reduction technique. MSW was considered as heterogeneous and anisotropic with varied unit weight and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results demonstrated that geometric configurations of HT systems significantly affected the moisture distribution, generation and distribution of pore water and capillary pressures in MSW, and considerably influenced the mechanical stability of bioreactor landfill slope. It was concluded that staggered configuration of closely spaced HT systems with intermittent sequences of leachate recirculation and subsequent gravity drainage in alternate shallow and deep HT layers should be adopted as they produce uniform moisture distribution and ensure the mechanical stability of landfill slope due to low induced pore pressures near side slope. Overall, this study presents a significant contribution to the understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling the geotechnical stability of bioreactor landfills during leachate operations. Furthermore, the capability of the adopted commercial code was verified with complexities related to bioreactors behaviour. However, further research is needed to validate the model based on field monitoring data at actual bioreactor landfills. 相似文献
4.
城市垃圾填埋场甲烷资源量与利用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
垃圾填埋气的主要成分为CH4、CO2等气体,可严重污染大气、地下水和生态环境,并对全球气候变暖产生一定的影响;同时填埋气也是一种清洁可再生能源和资源,回收和利用垃圾填埋气可实现环境、安全、能源、资源、经济多重效益。目前,垃圾填埋气的利用主要为甲烷利用。本文介绍了填埋气中甲烷资源量的计算方法,采用一阶动力模型对国内城市垃圾填埋气中的甲烷排放量进行了计算和预测,获得了城市生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷的资源量的范围,并分析了国内垃圾填埋气排放的特点和趋势以及国内外对填埋气利用的途径、方法及效果。结合清洁发展机制（CDM）项目和国情分析了垃圾填埋气的利用前景,并提出了填埋气回收利用的主要问题和建议,为国内城市生活垃圾填埋气的利用提供了有益参考。 相似文献
5.
Drainage blankets (DB) are used for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills and consist of highly permeable material placed over a large area of the landfill with the leachate injection pipe embedded in the material at specified locations. DBs are generally installed at different depth levels during the waste filling operations. Very limited information is reported on performance of DBs, and that which exists is based on a small number of field monitoring and modeling studies. A rational method for the design of landfills using DBs has not been developed. This study performs a parametric analysis based on a validated two-phase flow model and presents design charts to guide the design of DBs for given hydraulic properties of MSW, the leachate injection rate and the dimensions and locations of the DB as measured from the leachate collection and recirculation system (LCRS) located at the bottom of the landfill cell. Numerical simulations were performed for the two established MSW conditions: homogeneous–isotropic and heterogeneous–anisotropic waste. The optimal levels of leachate saturation, wetted width, wetted area and developed pore water and pore gas pressures were determined, and design charts using the normalized parameters were developed. An example is presented on the use of design charts for typical field application. 相似文献
6.
Jessica C. North Russell D. Frew Robert Van Hale 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):49
Bacterially mediated methanogenesis in municipal solid waste landfills has been shown to cause an enrichment of carbon stable isotope ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios of water in landfill leachate. In the present study, we investigate the universality of this enrichment in leachate obtained from four diverse landfill sites in New Zealand. At each site, surface water samples upstream and downstream of landfills were analysed to examine the applicability of stable isotope ratios as a tool for monitoring leachate contamination in landfill-associated streams. The design of leachate collection systems, operational history, and landfill location appeared to strongly influence leachate isotopic values and the effectiveness of isotope ratios as an environmental monitoring tool for surface water. 相似文献
7.
During leachate recirculation, a bioreactor landfill will experience more rapid and complete settlement, which is mainly attributed to the weight of municipal solid waste (MSW) and its biodegradation. The settlement of MSW may cause the decrease of void ratio of MSW, which will influence the permeability of MSW and the leachate quantity that can be held in bioreactor landfills. In this study, a new one-dimensional model of leachate recirculation using infiltration pond is developed. The new method is not only capable of describing leachate flow considering the effect of MSW settlement, but also accounting separately leachate flow in saturated and unsaturated zones. Moreover, the effects of operating parameters are evaluated with a parametric study. The analyzing results show that the influence depth of leachate recirculation considering the effect of MSW settlement is smaller than the value without considering the effect. The influence depth and leachate recirculation volume increase with the increase of infiltration pond pressure head and MSW void ratio. This indicates that the field compaction of MSW has a great influence on the leachate recirculation. 相似文献
8.
The primary objective of bioreactor landfill is to achieve adequate and rapid distribution of moisture in landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW) to accelerate the anaerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction within MSW. A horizontal trench system (HT) is commonly adopted for leachate distribution in MSW under pressurized conditions. However, this approach should be implemented carefully due to the potential instability of landfill slopes that comes from the generation and distribution of excessive pore fluid pressures. In this study, HT design charts are presented that determine the optimal location of horizontal trench systems from the side slope (i.e., minimum lateral setback distance) under continuous leachate addition with maximum applied injection pressures, for which the landfill slopes remain stable [factor of safety (FOS) where FOS ≥ 1.5]. Use of any higher injection pressure and/or shorter lateral setback distance of HT than the one presented in the design charts would result in an unacceptable design of the bioreactor side slope (FOS < 1.5). The design chart was developed based on a parametric study that used a numerical two-phase flow model that involved different slope configurations and landfill waste depths. MSW heterogeneity and anisotropy, as well as unsaturated hydraulic properties, were taken into consideration in these simulations. Transient changes in pore water and gas pressures due to leachate recirculation were accounted for dually in the slope stability computations. The importance of these design charts is illustrated using a practical example. Site-specific conditions and the expertise and prior experience of a designer or operator must also be adequately considered and utilized with the design charts presented here for the safe design of a horizontal trench system in a bioreactor landfill. 相似文献
9.
不同降雨模式下山谷型垃圾填埋场水分运移及其稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近10年的运营经验表明,国内南方地区第1批建造的山谷型垃圾填埋场中的渗滤液水位一般较高。同时,现有研究表明,降雨入渗引起渗滤液水位过高是垃圾填埋场失稳的主要诱因之一。因此,研究强降雨条件下山谷型垃圾填埋场的水分运移规律及其稳定性,具有重要的现实意义。基于七子山填埋场浅层、中层和深层垃圾土的土-水特征曲线和Brooks-Corey公式,利用非线性拟合技术得到垃圾土的渗透性函数;运用饱和-非饱和渗流理论,对递减型、中心型、增强型和平均型4种降雨模式下七子山填埋场的水分运移进行了数值计算;利用极限平衡理论,对不同降雨模式下七子山填埋场的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,降雨模式对山谷型垃圾填埋场内的水分运移规律和填埋场的稳定性有显著的影响,递减型降雨模式下填埋场内孔隙水压的变化最大,同时填埋场稳定系数也下降最为明显,为最不利降雨模式;经历7 d 746 mm的极端强降雨后,七子山填埋场具有极大的失稳隐患。 相似文献
10.
为了研究渗滤液水位以下产气对孔隙压力的影响,从孔隙气在渗滤液水位以下特定的流动状态出发,采用峰值产气模型,结合了达西定律、理想气体状态方程和多孔介质流体动力学理论,建立了渗滤液水位以下考虑产气作用的气液迁移模型。运用差分法对产气引起的气液迁移问题进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,渗滤液水位以下垃圾体的产气对孔隙压力的影响主要有渗滤液渗流引起的附加孔隙压力和水位升高引起的附加孔隙压力,按孔隙气所处阶段的不同可以分为孔隙气被封闭时孔压积聚阶段、孔隙气突破孔隙水封闭时的孔压急剧消散阶段以及由对流作用控制的气液运移阶段;高产气速率、高渗滤液水位和低渗透系数都会使得垃圾体内产生较高的孔隙压力;降低填埋场内渗滤液水位是减小产气对孔隙压力影响的有效措施。 相似文献
11.
Estimation of seismic yield acceleration for the municipal solid waste landfills is the basic step for design to mitigate
the hazard of earthquake on landfills. For most of the landfills constructed in the seismic zones, influence of the vertical
component of seismic acceleration is often neglected assuming that it is not in phase with the horizontal seismic acceleration
and hence does not affect the design parameters largely. Conventional pseudo-static analysis using limit equilibrium method
does not consider the variation of seismic inertial forces with time and also effect of vertically propagating shear and primary
waves, which can have serious effect on the design values. To overcome the limitations of existing methodology, in the present
study, pseudo-dynamic approach, which takes into account the effects of time, primary and secondary waves, frequency of excitation,
is applied for the first time for dynamic analysis of landfills for three different typical practical geometries of landfills.
Chosen sets of landfills resemble some of the existing landfill geometries. Design equations and charts are developed for
factor of safety against base sliding and seismic yield acceleration for these three typical landfill geometries. The results
are compared with the similar results obtained by using conventional pseudo-static analysis, and the influence of vertical
seismic acceleration on factor of safety against base sliding and yield acceleration is reported. 相似文献
12.
城市垃圾填埋场有机物降解沉降模型的研究 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
研究城市垃圾填埋场的有机物降解沉降是非常重要的,有机物的降解沉降是填埋场的主要沉降,并且降解沉降将持续很长一段时间,较大的沉降能够导致防渗系统的渗漏并损坏覆盖系统。由于垃圾的非均匀性,其土工特性随地域及时间而改变,所以,计算垃圾填埋场的降解沉降是比较困难的。在试验及理论推导的基础上,提出了一种有机物的降解沉降模型,该模型参数较少,利用该模型预测了天子岭垃圾填埋场的库容及有机物的降解沉降。 相似文献
13.
The decomposition of solid waste materials in sanitary landfills produces liquids and gases which are deleterious to human beings, animals, plants and inorganic geologic materials. This paper presents a summary of leachate characteristics and discusses the effects of leachate on groundwater quality and carbonate strata. A system for site evaluation for purposes of sanitary landfill is also presented. The characteristics of the soil and rock at a site are included in the evaluation system through assessment of their infiltration potential, permeability, filtering capability and absorption potential. The characteristics of the groundwater at a site are taken into consideration through assessment of the substrate potential, buffering capacity and distributive potential (for contaminants). Formulae are stated to allow determination of evaluation parameters, and an example of the application of the rating system is presented. Use of the site-evaluation system will improve the quality of site selection and will reduce contamination and pollution problems created by construction of refuse landfills at unsuitable locations. 相似文献
14.
扩建城市垃圾填埋场的地震稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合现场剪切波速试验、室内常规及动三轴试验结果,给出了扩建城市垃圾填埋场地震稳定性的有限元分析方法,并分析了扩建垃圾填埋体沿填埋体内部圆弧滑动面、新老填埋体交界面及底部和背部衬垫系统的地震稳定性。当填埋场中渗滤液水头较低时,扩建填埋体最易发生沿新老填埋体交界面的滑动。与总应力法计算结果相比较发现,总应力法只适合分析输入地震动较小的情况,而当输入地震动较大时,由于它不能考虑动孔压上升所导致的MSW软化而使得其计算的扩建填埋体沿圆弧滑动面的安全系数偏保守。另外,采用Newmark法分析了不同输入地震动时不同横、竖向扩建方案的永久位移,分析表明：扩建填埋体沿新老填埋体交界面的地震永久位移的对数近似与屈服加速度同最大水平加速度的比值呈线性关系,并给出了其永久位移的拟合公式。 相似文献
15.
固体废弃物填埋场长期使用过程中,垃圾土的强度参数随着龄期的变化而变化。在进行固体废弃物填埋场边坡稳定分析时考虑按龄期分层,基于极限分析上限理论,提出了转动-平动组合和多块体平动两种破坏机构。通过水平分层土坡算例的对比分析,验证两种破坏机构的合理性和有效性。进而对填埋场算例按龄期分层分析,结果表明,极限分析上限解的安全系数和破坏机制与强度折减有限单元法非常接近,多块体平动机构通过随机搜索所得的最危险滑裂面优于转动-平动组合机构。最后分析西班牙Coll Cardús固废填埋场,此填埋场是按龄期分层的典型复杂填埋场,运用两种破坏机构所得的安全系数和最危险滑裂面与有限单元法相符。算例分析表明,在不考虑水位的情况下,填埋体堆填时间越长越有利于填埋场的稳定。当填埋体按低、中、高龄期分层形成时,填埋场的整体稳定安全系数介于中龄期和高龄期的均质边坡之间。 相似文献
16.
The formation factor relates bulk resistivity to pore fluid resistivity in porous materials. Understanding the formation factor is essential in using electrical and electromagnetic methods to monitor leachate accumulations and movements both within and around landfills. Specifically, the formation factor allows leachate resistivity, the degree of saturation, and, possibly, even the hydraulic conductivity of the waste to be estimated from non-invasive surface measurements. In this study, apparent formation factors are computed for three landfills with different types of waste as well as sediments contaminated by landfill leachate. Resistivity soundings at the closed Mallard North landfill in suburban Chicago (Illinois, USA) mapped leachate surfaces that were confirmed by monitoring wells. The resistivity of leachate-saturated waste from resistivity sounding inversions was then divided by the leachate resistivity values measured in-situ to compute apparent formation factors (Fa) ranging from 1.6 to 4.9. A global Fa of 3.0±1.9 was computed for the entire monitored portion of this landfill At a nearby mixed laboratory waste landfill, a 2D inverted resistivity section was used to compute an Fa of 2.9. Finally, a distinctly different Fa value of 10.6±2.8 was computed for leachate-saturated retorted oil and organic compounds. The Fa for aquifers containing contaminated groundwater fall in the same range as aquifers with normal groundwater, 1.7-3.9. However, models from inverted sounding curves over these contaminated areas exhibit unusually low resistivity layers, which may be diagnostic of contamination. 相似文献
17.
Krishna R. Reddy Hanumanth S. Kulkarni Rajiv K. Giri Milind V. Khire 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(2):115-136
Horizontal trenches (HTs) are constructed during the waste filling for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills. Leachate distribution depends on HT configuration (i.e., spacing between successive HTs), leachate injection rate, modes of injection, and hydraulic properties and MSW heterogeneity. Presently, the effects of these variables on the moisture distribution have not been studied systematically. This study provides a systematic evaluation of the effect of the HTs variables on the moisture distribution and pore fluid pressures. A two-phase flow model is used to model a bioreactor landfill having an HT leachate injection system. It quantifies the effects of the unsaturated hydraulic properties and MSW heterogeneity, trench configuration, leachate injection flux, and mode of injection on hydraulic behaviour. The results show that unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and MSW heterogeneity significantly shape the zone of influence and excess pore pressures. Under heterogeneous-anisotropic conditions, the leachate migrates more laterally and the developed pore-pressures are lower than for homogeneous MSW. A closely-spaced, multi-level, staggered HT system is found to provide uniform and adequate moisture distribution in MSW. An intermittent mode of injection that alternates between the shallow and deep trenches with a higher leachate injection flow rate is found to be effective to control the excess pore pressures. 相似文献
18.
D. Sivakumar 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(5):903-916
An extensive use of solid-waste landfills for disposal of municipal and industrial wastes have prompted increased attention to groundwater pollution caused by leachate generated in such landfills. The potential for groundwater contamination by leachate has necessitated engineering designs for landfills. The quantity of leachate generated from the solid waste and the movement of water through the solid waste depends on water input and the solid-waste characteristics. This paper dealt with the experimental investigations using the laboratory solid-waste leaching column to estimate the total leachate volume/leachate flow for unsaturated and saturated conditions. The hydraulic properties of the solid waste like initial moisture content, field capacity, permanent wilting point, saturation moisture content, effective void ratio, saturation hydraulic conductivity and saturation suction pressure were determined from the small-scale laboratory experiments, which are the input for analytical model study of leachate flow/total leachate volume for both unsaturated and saturated conditions. The result of analytical model study was compared with the results of experimental investigations. Comparisons of measured and computed total leachate volume/leachate flow using Darcy’s law showed reasonable agreement. 相似文献
19.
为了加速填埋场降解的稳定化,渗滤液回灌常被应用在工程实践中。使用竖井进行回灌是较为有效的方式之一。伴随着液体的注入,由于对流的产生,垃圾土温度势必会发生改变。基于无锡填埋场注水试验,对该现场试验过程中垃圾土温度的改变进行模拟。为此,建立了考虑渗透系数和孔隙率随深度变化的渗流模型,以及考虑渗流影响的热对流-热传导模型,并利用数值计算方法进行求解。在对比计算值和试验值之后,发现所建立的模型能较好地模拟注水期间渗滤液水位和垃圾土温度的变化规律。结果表明：在离注水井超过6 m处的位置,显现的液位相对滞后,至少滞后0.15 d,而且距离越远滞后的时间越长;在液位以下,注水井周围的垃圾土温度均低于初始温度。但是在径向上远离注水井3.6 m之外的垃圾土温度并不是全低于初始温度,在新老垃圾土交界处之上2 m范围内,会出现温度高于初始温度的现象,温度差可达3 ℃;新填垃圾土的已降解时长对单井注水工况下温度分布的影响较为显著。 相似文献
20.
The leachate levels in the landfills in southern China are generally high. Field monitoring was carried out in the Suzhou landfill to investigate the leachate mound. The saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) of municipal solid waste were measured using samples taken from different depths of the landfill. Field monitoring reveals that a perched leachate mound and a substantial main leachate mound existed in the landfill. The saturated hydraulic conductivities of wastes in shallow, middle and deep depth were measured to be 4.81 × 10?2, 3.50 × 10?3 and 3.56 × 10?4 cm/s, respectively. The results of SWCC tests show that the SWCC curve was steep when matric suction was low, and the shallower the waste the steeper would be the curve. In addition to the field and laboratory tests, an unsaturated–saturated seepage analysis was conducted to simulate the development of the high leachate mound and to calculate the annual leachate production. The simulated volumetric water content in the unsaturated zone was about 40 %, which agreed well with the test result. The calculated leachate mound was consistent with the field measurement. The calculated annual and daily leachate productions were all more reasonable than the results of the HELP model. 相似文献